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Shi Z, Du Y, Zheng J, Tang W, Liang Q, Zheng Z, Liu B, Sun H, Wang K, Shao C. Liproxstatin-1 Alleviated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibiting Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38397780 PMCID: PMC10886111 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a novel regulable cell death, is characterized by iron overload, glutathione depletion, and an accumulation of lipid peroxides. Recently, it has been discovered that ferroptosis is involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and plays a crucial role in renal tubular cell death. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect and mechanism of liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) in I/R-induced AKI and seek the key regulator of ferroptosis in I/R-induced AKI. Mice were administrated with clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min. We found that early growth response 1 (EGR1) might be a key regulator of ferroptosis, and Lip-1 could suppress ferroptosis via EGR1. Meanwhile, Lip-1 could reduce macrophage recruitment and the release of inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicated that Lip-1 alleviated I/R-induced AKI via regulating EGR1, and it might pave the theoretical basis of a new therapeutic strategy for I/R-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Yifan Du
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Wenbin Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Qing Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China;
| | - Zeyuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Huimin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China;
| | - Kejia Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China;
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China; (Z.S.); (Y.D.); (J.Z.); (W.T.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
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Wang C, Ji J, Jin Y, Sun Y, Cai Q, Jiang J, Guo L, Zhou C, Zhang J. Tumor-mesothelium HOXA11-PDGF BB/TGF β1-miR-181a-5p-Egr1 feedforward amplifier circuity propels mesothelial fibrosis and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:171-188. [PMID: 37989866 PMCID: PMC10786717 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A proportion of gastric cancer (GC) patients suffer from peritoneal metastasis (PM) in the late stage of tumor and these patients have a poor prognosis. To provide more care for GC patient with PM, a deeper exploration of the molecular characteristics of GC-PM is needed. Here we performed the in vitro and in vivo study to illustrate the effect of HOXA11 over-expressed GC cells on peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMrSV5), transcriptomics analyses of HMrSV5 cells co-cultured with HOXA11 over-expressed GC cells, counterparts or alone, cytokine array analyses of serum-free culture medium of HOXA11 over-expressed GC cells, we validated our findings through genetic manipulation of HMrSV5 cells and neutralizing antibodies targeting cytokines secreted by HOXA11 over-expressed GC cells in vitro, as well as utilized human peritoneal metastatic lesions to validate expression of potential targets. We identified that HOXA11 over-expressed GC cells strongly propelled mesothelial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and HOXA11 regulated paracrine and autocrine of PDGF BB and TGF β1 in GC cells to propel mesothelial fibrosis. Meanwhile, HOXA11 over-expressed GC cells drove PDGF BB and TGF β1 secretion to activate developmental-process related genes in HMrSV5 cells, including Egr1, which processes dependent on miR-181a-5p. Then, Egr1 could mediate peritoneal mesothelial fibrosis. Correspondingly, Egr1 over-expressed HMrSV5 cells supported migration and peritoneal dissemination of GC cells. Together our results suggest that a feedforward amplifier circuity governing GC cells and mesothelial cells in peritoneum contribute to peritoneal metastasis of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yangbing Jin
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liting Guo
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Gupta J, Ahmed AT, Tayyib NA, Zabibah RS, Shomurodov Q, Kadheim MN, Alsaikhan F, Ramaiah P, Chinnasamy L, Samarghandian S. A state-of-art of underlying molecular mechanisms and pharmacological interventions/nanotherapeutics for cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115337. [PMID: 37659203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourth common reason of death among patients is gastric cancer (GC) and it is a dominant tumor type in Ease Asia. One of the problems in GC therapy is chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum compound that causes DNA damage in reducing tumor progression and viability of cancer cells. However, due to hyperactivation of drug efflux pumps, dysregulation of genes and interactions in tumor microenvironment, tumor cells can develop resistance to CP chemotherapy. The current review focuses on the CP resistance emergence in GC cells with emphasizing on molecular pathways, pharmacological compounds for reversing chemoresistance and the role of nanostructures. Changes in cell death mechanisms such as upregulation of pro-survival autophagy can prevent CP-mediated apoptosis that results in drug resistance. Moreover, increase in metastasis via EMT induction induces CP resistance. Dysregulation of molecular pathways such as PTEN, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and others result in changes in CP response of GC cells. Non-coding RNAs determine CP response of GC cells and application of pharmacological compounds with activity distinct of CP can result in sensitivity in tumor cells. Due to efficacy of exosomes in transferring bioactive molecules such as RNA and DNA molecules among GC cells, exosomes can also result in CP resistance. One of the newest progresses in overcoming CP resistance in GC is application of nanoplatforms for delivery of CP in GC therapy that they can increase accumulation of CP at tumor site and by suppressing carcinogenic factors and overcoming biological barriers, they increase CP toxicity on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India
| | | | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Qakhramon Shomurodov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Mostafai N Kadheim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10022 Iraq
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Wang D, Li M, Zhang Q, Pan C, Lin Y, Luo Y, Shi Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Insights gained from single-cell RNA analysis of murine endothelial cells in aging hearts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18324. [PMID: 37554834 PMCID: PMC10404962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with progressive decline in the function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with age. Systematic analyses of the effects of aging on different cardiac EC types remain limited. Here, we constructed a scRNA atlas of EC transcriptomes in young and old mouse hearts. We identified 10 EC subclusters. The multidimensionally differential genes (DEGs) analysis across different EC clusters shows molecular changes with aging, showing the increase in the overall inflammatory microenvironment and the decrease in angiogenesis and cytoskeletal support capacity of aged ECs. And we performed an in-depth analysis of 3 special ECs, Immunology, Proliferating and Angiogenic. The Immunology EC seems highly associated with some immune regulatory functions, which decline with aging at different degrees. Analysis of two types of neovascular ECs, Proliferating, Angiogenic, implied that Angiogenic ECs can differentiate into multiple EC directions after initially originating from proliferating ECs. And aging leads to a decrease in the ability of vascular angiogenesis and differentiation. Finally, we summarized the effects of aging on cell signaling communication between different EC clusters. This cardiac EC atlas offers comprehensive insights into the molecular regulations of cardiovascular aging, and provides new directions for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Caineng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Chemokine/GPCR Signaling-Mediated EMT in Cancer Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2208176. [PMID: 36268282 PMCID: PMC9578795 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2208176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the chief cause of cancer-related deaths, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the tumor microenvironment, EMT can be triggered by chemokine/G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which is closely associated with tumor progression. However, the functional links between chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT and metastasis remain unclear. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms of chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT with an insight into facilitating metastasis and clarified the role of chemokine in the local invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization, respectively. Moreover, several potential pathways that might contribute to EMT based on the latest studies on GPCR signaling were proposed, including signaling mediated by G protein, β-arrestin, intracellular, dimerization activation, and transactivation. However, there is still limited evidence to support the EMT programme functional contribution to metastasis, which keeps a key question still open whether we should target EMT programme of cancer cells. Answers to that question might help develop an anticancer strategy or guide new directions for anticancer metastasis therapy.
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Tian Z, Ou G, Su M, Li R, Pan L, Lin X, Zou J, Chen S, Li Y, Huang K, Chen Y. TIMP1 derived from pancreatic cancer cells stimulates Schwann cells and promotes the occurrence of perineural invasion. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215863. [PMID: 35961511 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) occurs in most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The relationship between cancer cells and peripheral nerves, however, is unknown. Therefore, we focused on the cooperation of PDAC cells and peripheral nerve astrocytes, Schwann cells (SCs), in PNI. The mutual tumor-supportive secretory cytokines between SCs (sNF96.2) and PDAC cells (PANC-1, BxPC-3) were screened by human cytokine arrays and verified. The prognostic value of selected cytokines and SC-associated markers was confirmed in PDAC patients. TIMP1 and CCL7 were found to form a paracrine feedback loop between PDAC cells and SCs. PDAC cell-derived TIMP1 promotes SCs proliferation and migration via CD63/PI3K/AKT signaling. CCL7 secreted from SCs enhances PDAC cell migration, invasion and expression of TIMP1 via CCR2/STAT3. PDAC cell-SC cooperation in PNI was blocked when TIMP1 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Finally, TIMP1, CCL7 and SC-associated markers were correlated with PNI and prognosis in PDAC patients. In conclusion, SCs collaborate with PDAC cells through the TIMP1-CCL7 paracrine feedback loop to promote PNI. TIMP1 knockdown in PDAC cells suppresses PNI. Strategies to disrupt the TIMP1-CCL7 feedback loop might be developed to inhibit PNI in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Guangsheng Ou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510600, PR China
| | - Mingxin Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Lele Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Xingyi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Jinmao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Shangxiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Kaihong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yinting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
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Maurya VK, Szwarc MM, Fernandez-Valdivia R, Lonard DM, Song Y, Joshi N, Fazleabas AT, Lydon JP. Early growth response 1 transcription factor is essential for the pathogenic properties of human endometriotic epithelial cells. Reproduction 2022; 164:41-54. [PMID: 35679138 PMCID: PMC9339520 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although a non-malignant gynecological disorder, endometriosis displays some pathogenic features of malignancy, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adaptation to hypoxia. Current treatments of endometriosis include pharmacotherapy and/or surgery, which are of limited efficacy and often associated with adverse side effects. Therefore, to develop more effective therapies to treat this disease, a broader understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that underpin endometriosis needs to be attained. Using immortalized human endometriotic epithelial and stromal cell lines, we demonstrate that the early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription factor is essential for cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which represent some of the pathogenic properties of endometriotic cells. Genome-wide transcriptomics identified an EGR1-dependent transcriptome in human endometriotic epithelial cells that potentially encodes a diverse spectrum of proteins that are known to be involved in tissue pathologies. To underscore the utility of this transcriptomic data set, we demonstrate that carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), a homeostatic regulator of intracellular pH, is not only a molecular target of EGR1 but is also important for maintaining many of the cellular properties of human endometriotic epithelial cells that are also ascribed to EGR1. Considering therapeutic intervention strategies are actively being developed for EGR1 and CAIX in the treatment of other pathologies, we believe EGR1 and its transcriptome (which includes CA9) will offer not only a new conceptual framework to advance our understanding of endometriosis but will also furnish new molecular vulnerabilities to be leveraged as potential therapeutic options in the future treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet K. Maurya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria M. Szwarc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Niraj Joshi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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