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Buitrago-Molina LE, Dywicki J, Noyan F, Schepergerdes L, Pietrek J, Lieber M, Schlue J, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Hardtke-Wolenski M. Anti-CD20 Therapy Alters the Protein Signature in Experimental Murine AIH, but Not Exclusively towards Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061471. [PMID: 34208308 PMCID: PMC8231180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that usually requires lifelong immunosuppression. Frequent recurrences after the discontinuation of therapy indicate that intrahepatic immune regulation is not restored by current treatments. Studies of other autoimmune diseases suggest that temporary depletion of B cells can improve disease progression in the long term. Methods: We tested a single administration of anti-CD20 antibodies to reduce B cells and the amount of IgG to induce intrahepatic immune tolerance. We used our experimental murine AIH (emAIH) model and treated the mice with anti-CD20 during the late stage of the disease. Results: After treatment, the mice showed the expected reductions in B cells and serum IgGs, but no improvements in pathology. However, all treated animals showed a highly altered serum protein expression pattern, which was a balance between inflammation and regeneration. Conclusions: In conclusion, anti-CD20 therapy did not produce clinically measurable results because it triggered inflammation, as well as regeneration, at the proteomic level. This finding suggests that anti-CD20 is ineffective as a sole treatment for AIH or emAIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Janine Dywicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Fatih Noyan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Lena Schepergerdes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Julia Pietrek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Maren Lieber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Jerome Schlue
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.E.B.-M.); (J.D.); (F.N.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-6081; Fax: +49-201-723-6915
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Tovar V, Ogura M, Kobayashi A, Kimura S, Saito K, Kainuma M, Yohda M, Hasegawa S, Mitsuhashi M. A dried tofu-supplemented diet affects mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in human blood. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2010; 56:396-410. [PMID: 21422709 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a new model of diet research, blood was drawn from 12 adult volunteers for 3 wk on regular diets as controls, and for a subsequent 3 wk supplemented with 18.5 g of freeze-dried tofu (Koya tofu) every day. Triplicate aliquots of 0.06 mL each of whole blood were stimulated ex vivo with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-P, heat aggregated human IgG (HAG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan A, and anti-T cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody to activate specific subsets of leukocytes, then the levels of various inflammatory cytokine mRNA were quantified by real time PCR. Koya tofu significantly (p<0.05) augmented the fold increase of PHA-induced tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) 15, IL6, and IL8, HAG-induced TNFSF15 and IL8, LPS-induced IL6 and IL8, zymosan-induced TNFSF15, IL6 and IL8, and TCR-induced TNFSF2 in comparison to the regular diet. Such increase was due to the reduction of baseline mRNA expression, not the enhancement of mRNA induction after specific stimulations. Six (TNFSF15), 4 (IL6), and 3 (IL10) subjects showed significant reduction of baseline mRNA during the Koya tofu diet compared to that of the control diet. Despite large individual-to-individual and day-to-day variation of mRNA, the method employed in this study was sensitive enough to identify statistically significant results as a group as well as on an individual basis, which will be a foundation for tailored diet in the future. The results also indicated that Koya tofu had a power to alter mRNA expression in leukocytes, and TNFSF15, IL6, and IL10 would be biomarkers for soy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tovar
- Hitachi Chemical Research Center, Inc., Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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Mitsuhashi M, Peel D, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H. Enhanced Expression of Radiation-induced Leukocyte CDKN1A mRNA in Multiple Primary Breast Cancer Patients: Potential New Marker of Cancer Susceptibility. Biomark Insights 2009; 4:201-9. [PMID: 20072670 PMCID: PMC2805425 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to discover blood biomarkers of cancer susceptibility using invasive multiple (n = 21), single primary breast cancer (n = 21), and control subjects (n = 20). Heparinized whole blood was incubated at 37 °C for 2 hours after 0–10 Gy of radiation, then cell cycle arrest marker CDKN1A and apoptosis marker BBC3 mRNA were quantified. This epidemiological study was practically feasible because radiation-induced mRNA was preserved for at least 1 day whenever blood was stored at 4 °C (r2 = 0.901). Moreover, blood could be stored frozen after radiation treatment (r2 = 0.797). Radiation-induced CDKN1A and BBC3 mRNA were dose dependent, and the degree of induction of CDKN1A was correlated with that of BBC3 (r2 = 0.679). Interestingly, multiple primary cases showed higher induction of CDKN1A mRNA than single primary and control groups, whereas BBC3 did not show such differences. The results suggested that cancer susceptibility represented by the multiple primary breast cancer cases was related to over-reaction of CDKN1A mRNA, not BBC3. The study also suggests that ex vivo gene expression analysis could potentially be used as a new tool in epidemiological studies for cancer and radiation sensitivity research.
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