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Araneda P, Ohrens O, Ibarra JT. Socioeconomic development and ecological traits as predictors of human-bird conflicts. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13859. [PMID: 34766379 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of the significant impacts on both human interests and bird conservation, it is imperative to identify patterns and anticipate drivers of human-bird conflicts (HBCs) worldwide. Through a global systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we analyzed the socioeconomic factors and bird ecological traits driving the degree of knowledge and extent of HBCs. We included 166 articles published from 1971 to 2020 in our analyses through which we built a profile of the socioeconomic conditions of 52 countries with reported conflicts and the ecological traits of the 161 bird species involved in HBCs. Although HBC expanded worldwide, it had the greatest impact in less-developed countries (estimate 0. 66 [SE 0.13], p< 0.05), where agriculture is critical for rural livelihoods. Species with a relatively greater conflict extent had a relatively broader diet (estimate 0.80 [SE 0.22], p<0.05) and an increasing population trend (estimate 0.58 [SE 0.15], p<0.05) and affected human interests, such as agriculture and livestock raising. In countries with greater biodiversity, HBCs caused greater socioeconomic impacts than in more developed countries. Our results highlight the importance of understanding and addressing HBCs from multiple perspectives (ecological, sociocultural, and political) to effectively protect both biodiversity and local livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Araneda
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile
- Fauna Australis Wildlife Laboratory, Department of Ecosystems and the Environment, School of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Ohrens
- Fauna Australis Wildlife Laboratory, Department of Ecosystems and the Environment, School of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Panthera, New York, New York, USA
| | - José Tomás Ibarra
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Villarrica, Chile
- Department of Ecosystems and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Forest Sciences & Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Organophosphate poisoning of Hyacinth Macaws in the Southern Pantanal, Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5602. [PMID: 33692405 PMCID: PMC7946944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The populations of hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), an emblematic species, have suffered declines due to many environmental factors. The Hyacinth Macaw Institute’s actions are showing positive outcomes for the conservation of A. hyacinthinus. However, environmental issues, such as fires and deforestation due to inefficient and unsustainable cattle ranching practices, are a threat to the biodiversity. Another major threat is the reckless use of pesticides. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the findings, in the Pantanal, of three dead hyacinth macaws and to investigate their cause of death and conservation implications. A necropsy was conducted on two individuals and biological samples were collected and sent to conduct toxicological exams to test for organophosphates, organochlorines, and carbomates. Compatible with other findings, results showed a highly dangerous level of organophosphate, 158.44 ppb. We describe for the first time, a rare, isolated but unusual mortality event associated with organophosphate pesticide poisoning of hyacinth macaws. Mortality reports for bees and other bird species on how the improper use of pesticides can potentially cause the contamination of food and water resources are discussed. These factors are antagonistic to long-term efforts to preserve wildlife and carry out other conservation efforts in Brazil’s southern Pantanal.
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Cooper NW, Rushing CS, Marra PP. Reducing the conservation reliance of the endangered Kirtland's warbler through adaptive management. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Cooper
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park PO Box 37012 MRC 5503 Washington DC 20013‐7012 USA
| | - Clark S. Rushing
- Utah State University, Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Peter P. Marra
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park PO Box 37012 MRC 5503 Washington DC 20013‐7012 USA
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Narvaez C, Ramirez-Otarola N, Bozinovic F, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Sabat P. Comparative intestinal esterases amongst passerine species: Assessing vulnerability to toxic chemicals in a phylogenetically explicit context. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:75-82. [PMID: 25912423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of blood esterase activities by organophosphate (OP) pesticides has been used as a sensitive biomarker in birds. Furthermore, compared to mammalian vertebrates, less is known about the role of these enzyme activities in the digestive tracts of non-mammalian vertebrates, as well as the environmental and biological stressors that contribute to their natural variation. To fill this gap, we examined butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterases (CbE) in the digestive tracts of sixteen passerine species from central Chile. Whole intestine enzyme activities were positively and significantly correlated with body mass. After correcting for body mass and phylogenetic effect, we found only a marginal effect of dietary category on BChE activity, but a positive and significant association between the percentage of dietary nitrogen and the mass-corrected lipase activity. Our results suggest that observed differences may be due to the dietary composition in the case of lipases and BChE, and also we predict that all model species belonging to the same order will probably respond differently to pesticide exposure, in light of differences in the activity levels of esterase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Narvaez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departmento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Faculad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Departmento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 6513677 Santiago, Chile.
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Stürmer GD, de Freitas TC, Heberle MDA, de Assis DR, Vinadé L, Pereira AB, Franco JL, Dal Belo CA. Modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission induced by sublethal doses of the organophosphate trichlorfon in cockroaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 109:56-62. [PMID: 25164203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been used indiscriminately, based on their high dissipation rates and low residual levels in the environment. Despite the toxicity of OPs to beneficial insects is principally devoted to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, the physiological mechanisms underlying this activity remain poorly understood. Here we showed the pharmacological pathways that might be involved in severe alterations in the insect locomotion and grooming behaviors following sublethal administration of the OP Trichlorfon (Tn) (0.25, 0.5 and 1 µM) in Phoetalia pallida. Tn inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity (46±6, 38±3 and 24±6 nmol NADPH/min/mg protein, n=3, p<0.05), respectively. Tn (1 µM) also increased the walking maintenance of animals (46±5 s; n=27; p<0.05). Tn caused a high increase in the time spent for this behavior (344±18 s/30 min, 388±18 s/30 min and 228±12 s/30 min, n=29-30, p<0.05, respectively). The previous treatment of the animals with different cholinergic modulators showed that pirenzepine>atropine>oxotremorine>d-tubocurarine>tropicamide>methoctramine induced a decrease on Tn (0.5 µM)-induced grooming increase, respectively in order of potency. Metoclopramide (0.4 µM), a DA-D2 selective inhibitor decreased the Tn-induced grooming activity (158±12 s/30 min; n=29; p<0.05). Nevertheless, the effect of the selective DA-D1 receptor blocker SCH 23390 (1.85 µM) on the Tn (0.5 µM)-induced grooming increase was significative and more intense than that of metoclopramide (54±6 s/30 min; n=30; p<0.05). Taken together the results suggest that a cross-talking between cholinergic M1/M3 and dopaminergic D1 receptors at the insect nervous system may play a role in the OP-mediated behavioral alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Daiane Stürmer
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Thiago Carrazoni de Freitas
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Marines de Avila Heberle
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Dênis Reis de Assis
- Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade, Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Antônio Batista Pereira
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa, (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Centro, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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Cheke RA, Adranyi E, Cox JR, Farman DI, Magoma RN, Mbereki C, McWilliam AN, Mtobesya BN, van der Walt E. Soil contamination and persistence of pollutants following organophosphate sprays and explosions to control red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:386-396. [PMID: 22588964 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) are controlled at breeding colonies and roosts by organophosphate sprays or explosions. Contamination with organophosphates after sprays and with petroleum products and phthalates after explosions was assessed. RESULTS Concentrations in soil of the organophosphate fenthion the day after sprays were uneven (0-29.5 µg g(-1)), which was attributable to excess depositions at vehicle turning points, incorrect positioning of nozzles and poor equipment maintenance. A laboratory study using field-collected samples provided an estimate of 47 days for the half-life of fenthion. After sprays, fenthion persisted in soil for up to 188 days. High concentrations were detected 5 months after negative results at the same sites, providing indirect evidence of leaching. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and phthalates ranged from 0.05 to 130.81 (mean 18.69) µg g(-1) and from 0 to 1.62 (mean 0.55) µg g(-1) respectively in the craters formed by the explosions, but declined to means of 0.753 and 0.027 µg g(-1) at 10 m away. One year after an explosion, mean TPHs of 0.865 and mean phthalates of 0.609 were detected. CONCLUSION Localisation of high concentrations of fenthion likely to have effects on soil biota could be mitigated by improved spray management. Given a half-life in the soil of 47 days for fenthion and the possibility of its leaching months after applications raises concerns about its acceptability. The pollutants left behind after explosions have been quantified for the first time, and, given their long-term persistence, their continued use poses a threat to environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cheke
- European Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.
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