1
|
Beringue A, Queffelec J, Le Lann C, Sulmon C. Sublethal pesticide exposure in non-target terrestrial ecosystems: from known effects on individuals to potential consequences on trophic interactions and network functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119620. [PMID: 39032619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the intensification of agriculture has resulted in an increasing use of pesticides, which has led to widespread contamination of non-target ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. Plants and arthropods inhabiting these systems are therefore chronically exposed to, at least, low levels of pesticides through direct pesticide drift, but also through the contamination of their nutrient sources (e.g. soil water or host/prey tissues). Pesticides (herbicides, acaricides/insecticides and fungicides) are chemical substances used to control pests, such as weeds, phytophagous arthropods and pathogenic microorganisms. These molecules are designed to disturb specific physiological mechanisms and induce mortality in targeted organisms. However, under sublethal exposure, pesticides also affect biological processes including metabolism, development, reproduction or inter-specific interactions even in organisms that do not possess the molecular target of the pesticide. Despite the broad current knowledge on sublethal effects of pesticides on organisms, their adverse effects on trophic interactions are less investigated, especially within terrestrial trophic networks. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects, both target and non-target, of sublethal exposures to pesticides on traits involved in trophic interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. We also discuss how these effects may impact ecosystem functioning by analyzing studies investigating the responses of Plant-Phytophage-Natural enemy trophic networks to pesticides. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and research prospects in the understanding of the effects of pesticides on trophic interactions and networks in non-target terrestrial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Beringue
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav U, Anand V, Kumar S, Srivastava S, Mishra SK, Chauhan PS, Singh PC. Endophytic biofungicide Bacillus subtilis (NBRI-W9) reshapes the metabolic homeostasis disrupted by the chemical fungicide, propiconazole in tomato plants to provide sustainable immunity against non-target bacterial pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123144. [PMID: 38123116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and microbial fungicides (Bio/fungicide) act differentially on plant systems. The present work assessed the metabolic profile of tomato plants vis-a-vis endophytic diversity after spraying of Propiconazole (PCZ) and endophytic biofungicide Bacillus subtilis (W9). Bio/fungicides were sprayed on tomato plants and evaluated for phenotypic, biochemical, and metabolic profiles after one week. In W9 treatment, a significant increase in relative abundance of several metabolites was observed including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty-acids, organic-acids, and amino-acids. Polysaccharides and fatty acids showed a significant positive correlation with Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, Bacillales, and Lactobacillales, respectively (p < 0.05). The PCZ and W9 treated plant's metabolic status significantly affected their resistance to non-target, bacterial pathogen P. syringae. Compared to PCZ and control, W9 treatment reduced the ROS deposition and expression of antioxidants gene GPx, PO (~0.1-1.7fold). It enhanced the genes related to the Phenylpropanoid pathway (∼1.6-5.2 fold), PR protein (~1.2-3.4 fold), and JA biosynthesis (~1.7-4.3 fold), resulting in reduced disease incidence. The results provide novel insights into the effects of endophytic biofungicide and chemical fungicides on the plant's metabolic status, its relation to the endophytes, and role in altering the plant's immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udit Yadav
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Vandana Anand
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Shashank K Mishra
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tomanović Ž, Kavallieratos NG, Ye Z, Nika EP, Petrović A, Vollhardt IMG, Vorburger C. Cereal Aphid Parasitoids in Europe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): Taxonomy, Biodiversity, and Ecology. INSECTS 2022; 13:1142. [PMID: 36555052 PMCID: PMC9785021 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are very common and widespread crops in Europe. Aphids are a diverse group of herbivorous pests on cereals and one of the most important limiting factors of cereal production. Here, we present an overview of knowledge about the taxonomy, biodiversity, and ecology of cereal aphid parasitoids in Europe, an important group of natural enemies contributing to cereal aphid control. We review the knowledge obtained from the integrative taxonomy of 26 cereal aphid primary parasitoid species, including two allochthonous species (Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Trioxys sunnysidensis) and two recently described species (Lipolexis labialis and Paralipsis brachycaudi). We further review 28 hyperparasitoid species belonging to three hymenopteran superfamilies and four families (Ceraphronoidea: Megaspillidae; Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae; Cynipoidea: Figitidae). We also compile knowledge on the presence of secondary endosymbionts in cereal aphids, as these are expected to influence the community composition and biocontrol efficiency of cereal aphid parasitoids. To study aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food webs more effectively, we present two kinds of DNA-based approach: (i) diagnostic PCR (mainly multiplex PCR), and (ii) DNA sequence-based methods. Finally, we also review the effects of landscape complexity on the different trophic levels in the food webs of cereal aphids and their associated parasitoids, as well as the impacts of agricultural practices and environmental variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Tomanović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Zhengpei Ye
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Erifili P. Nika
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ines M. G. Vollhardt
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez-Bayo F. Indirect Effect of Pesticides on Insects and Other Arthropods. TOXICS 2021; 9:177. [PMID: 34437495 PMCID: PMC8402326 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides released to the environment can indirectly affect target and non-target species in ways that are often contrary to their intended use. Such indirect effects are mediated through direct impacts on other species or the physical environment and depend on ecological mechanisms and species interactions. Typical mechanisms are the release of herbivores from predation and release from competition among species with similar niches. Application of insecticides to agriculture often results in subsequent pest outbreaks due to the elimination of natural enemies. The loss of floristic diversity and food resources that result from herbicide applications can reduce populations of pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests. In aquatic ecosystems, insecticides and fungicides often induce algae blooms as the chemicals reduce grazing by zooplankton and benthic herbivores. Increases in periphyton biomass typically result in the replacement of arthropods with more tolerant species such as snails, worms and tadpoles. Fungicides and systemic insecticides also reduce nutrient recycling by impairing the ability of detritivorous arthropods. Residues of herbicides can reduce the biomass of macrophytes in ponds and wetlands, indirectly affecting the protection and breeding of predatory insects in that environment. The direct impacts of pesticides in the environment are therefore either amplified or compensated by their indirect effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monticelli LS, Bishop J, Desneux N, Gurr GM, Jaworski CC, McLean AH, Thomine E, Vanbergen AJ. Multiple global change impacts on parasitism and biocontrol services in future agricultural landscapes. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Calvo-Agudo M, González-Cabrera J, Sadutto D, Picó Y, Urbaneja A, Dicke M, Tena A. IPM-recommended insecticides harm beneficial insects through contaminated honeydew. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115581. [PMID: 33254691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of some systemic insecticides has been banned in Europe because they are toxic to beneficial insects when these feed on nectar. A recent study shows that systemic insecticides can also kill beneficial insects when they feed on honeydew. Honeydew is the sugar-rich excretion of hemipterans and is the most abundant carbohydrate source for beneficial insects such as pollinators and biological control agents in agroecosystems. Here, we investigated whether the toxicity of contaminated honeydew depends on i) the hemipteran species that excretes the honeydew; ii) the active ingredient, and iii) the beneficial insect that feeds on it. HPLC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that the systemic insecticides pymetrozine and flonicamid, which are commonly used in Integrated Pest Management programs, were present in honeydew excreted by the mealybug Planococcus citri. However, only pymetrozine was detected in honeydew excreted by the whitefly Aleurothixus floccosus. Toxicological studies demonstrated that honeydew excreted by mealybugs feeding on trees treated either with flonicamid or pymetrozine increased the mortality of the hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii, but did not affect the parasitic wasp Anagyrusvladimiri. Honeydew contaminated with flonicamid was more toxic for the hoverfly than that contaminated with pymetrozine. Collectively, our data demonstrate that systemic insecticides commonly used in IPM programs can contaminate honeydew and kill beneficial insects that feed on it, with their toxicity being dependent on the active ingredient and hemipteran species that excretes the honeydew.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Calvo-Agudo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain; Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Joel González-Cabrera
- Universitat de València, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED), Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniele Sadutto
- Universitat de València, Centre of Research on Desertification (CIDE, CSIC-GV-UV), Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Universitat de València, Centre of Research on Desertification (CIDE, CSIC-GV-UV), Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Entomology, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Carretera CV-315, Km 10,7, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
D- and most L-enantiomers of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing compounds occur naturally in plants and other organisms. These enantiomers play many important roles in plants including building up biomass, defense against pathogens, herbivory, abiotic stress, and plant nutrition. Carbohydrate enantiomers are also precursors of many plant compounds that significantly contribute to plant aroma. Microorganisms, insects, and other animals utilize both types of carbohydrate enantiomers, but their biomass and excrements are dominated by D-enantiomers. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge about carbohydrate enantiomers in ecosystems with respect to both their metabolism in plants and occurrence in soils, and to identify critical knowledge gaps and directions for future research. Knowledge about the significance of D- versus L-enantiomers of carbohydrates in soils is rare. Determining the mechanism of genetic regulation of D- and L-carbohydrate metabolism in plants with respect to pathogen and pest control and ecosystem interactions represent the knowledge gaps and a direction for future research.
Collapse
|