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Ishimota M, Kodama M, Tomiyama N, Ohyama K. Increased extinction probability and altered physiological characteristics in pirimicarb-tolerant Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47690-47700. [PMID: 39002080 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the physiological characteristics of chemical-tolerant cladocerans. Over the course of 26 generations (F25), Daphnia magna was continuously exposed to pirimicarb (carbamate) solutions (0, 3.8, 7.5, and 15 µg/L) in sub-lethal or lethal levels. The 48 h EC50 values (29.2-29.9 µg/L) for 7.5 and 15 µg/L exposure groups were found to be nearly two times higher than that in the control (17.2 µg/L). Subsequently, we investigated whether the extinction probability changed when the chemical-tolerant daphnids were fed two different types of food, Chlorella vulgaris and Synechococcus leopoliensis. Furthermore, we ascertained how chemical tolerance influences respiration and depuration rates. The 48 h EC50 value was positively related to the extinction probability when the daphnids were fed S. leopoliensis. Because the measured lipid content of S. leopoliensis was three times lower than that of C. vulgaris, the tolerant daphnids struggled under nutrient-poor conditions. Respiration rates across all pirimicarb treatment groups were higher than those in the control group, suggesting that they may produce large amounts of energy through respiration to maintain the chemical tolerance. Since the pirimicarb depuration rate for 7.5 µg/L exposure groups was higher than that in the control, the altered metabolic/excretion rate may be one factor for acquiring chemical tolerance. These altered physiological characteristics are crucial parameters for evaluating the mechanisms of chemical tolerance and associated fitness costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Mebuki Kodama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Ohyama
- Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sciarrillo R, Falzarano A, Gallicchio V, Mileo A, De Falco M. Toxic Effects on Thyroid Gland of Male Adult Lizards ( Podarcis Siculus) in Contact with PolyChlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)-Contaminated Soil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4790. [PMID: 35563180 PMCID: PMC9102276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure is considered a potentially significant but little-studied pathway for PolyChlorinated Biphenyls uptake in terrestrial reptiles. In this study, a native Italian lizard, Podarcis siculus, was exposed to PCBs-contaminated soil for 120 days. Tissues distribution of PCBs, thyroid hormone levels, and thyroid histo-physiopathology were examined. The accumulation of PCBs in skin, plasma, liver, kidney, and brain were highest at 120 days. The alteration of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels after different concentrations and times to exposure of PCBs was accompanied by the changes in the hormones involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, namely Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Moreover, hepatic levels of deiodinase II (5'ORDII) and content of T3 were positively correlated to exposure to PCBs. These results indicated that in lizards, PCBs exposure through the skin has the potential to disrupt the thyroid endocrine system. Overall, the observed results indicate that PCBs could be associated with changes in thyroid homeostasis in these reptiles, through direct interactions with the metabolism of T4 and T3 through the HPT axis or indirect interactions with peripheral deiodination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Falzarano
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Vito Gallicchio
- Vascular Surgery, Hospital of National Importance San Giuseppe Moscati, Via Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Aldo Mileo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.F.)
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.F.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
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Dennis NM, Hossain F, Subbiah S, Karnjanapiboonwong A, Dennis ML, McCarthy C, Heron CG, Jackson WA, Crago JP, Field JA, Salice CJ, Anderson TA. Chronic Reproductive Toxicity Thresholds for Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) and a Mixture of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and PFHxA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2601-2614. [PMID: 34102702 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial toxicology data are limited for comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessment of ecosystems contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) partly because of their existence as mixtures in the environment. This complicates logistical dose-response modeling and establishment of a threshold value characterizing the chronic toxicity of PFAS to ecological receptors. We examined reproduction, growth, and survival endpoints using a combination of hypothesis testing and logistical dose-response modeling of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) exposed to perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) alone and to PFHxA in a binary mixture with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) via the drinking water. The exposure concentration chronic toxicity value (CTV) representative of the lowest-observable-adverse effect level (LOAEL) threshold for chronic oral PFAS toxicity (based on reduced offspring weight and growth rate) was 0.10 ng/mL for PFHxA and 0.06 ng/mL for a PFOS:PFHxA (2.7:1) mixture. These estimates corresponded to an adult LOAEL average daily intake CTV of 0.0149 and 0.0082 µg × kg body weight-1 × d-1 , respectively. Neither no-observable-adverse effect level threshold and representative CTVs nor dose-response and predicted effective concentration values could be established for these 2 response variables. The findings indicate that a reaction(s) occurs among the individual PFAS components present in the mixture to alter the potential toxicity, demonstrating that mixture affects avian PFAS toxicity. Thus, chronic oral PFAS toxicity to avian receptors represented as the sum of the individual compound toxicities may not necessarily be the best method for assessing chronic mixture exposure risk at PFAS-contaminated sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2601-2614. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Dennis
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael L Dennis
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Heron
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - W Andrew Jackson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, & Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan P Crago
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer A Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Todd A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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