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Sahoo SK, Chandar PB, Katlamudi M. Assessment of contamination level of radon ( 222Rn) in drinking water around Tulsishyam geothermal area and Savarkundla fault in Saurashtra, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:382. [PMID: 39167289 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate radon concentrations in groundwater and surface water to evaluate radon (222Rn) contamination in drinking water within the Amreli region of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India. Water samples from 84 sites, covering about 3000 km2, were analyzed using the RAD7 device from Durridge Instruments. Samples were collected in 250 ml radon-tight bottles. Radon concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 13.6 Bq/L, averaging 4.52 Bq/L. At three sites (P9, P29, P35), radon levels exceeded the USEPA limit of 11.1 Bq/L. P9 and P29 are near the Tulsishyam geothermal area, while P35 is close to the Savarkundla fault. Geothermal fluids in Tulsishyam may facilitate radon migration, and swarm-type earthquakes near Savarkundla could also contribute to radon migration. Concurrently, physicochemical parameters like Potential of Hydrogen (pH) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) were measured, with no significant correlation found between radon levels and these parameters. Samples were taken from tube wells with depths ranging from 105 to 750 feet, averaging 359 feet. A strong and significant correlation (0.83) was observed between radon concentration and water depth. Health risks from radon exposure were assessed by estimating annual effective dose rates for different age groups through ingestion and inhalation. In some instances, the annual effective dose rate surpassed the WHO-recommended value of 100 µSv/year. However, in most instances, the presence of radon in the water does not indicate a significant radiological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Bala Chandar
- Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Chakan MR, Mir RR, Nazir S, Mohi U Din M, Simnani S, Masood S. Radiological assessment of radon in groundwater of the northernmost Kashmir Basin, northwestern Himalaya. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:359. [PMID: 39093343 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the radon concentration in groundwater in Kupwara, the northernmost district of the Kashmir valley. It further assesses the annual effective dose experienced by the district's diverse population-infants, children, and adults-attributable to both inhalation of airborne radon released from drinking water and direct ingestion. In addition to this, the calculation of gamma dose rate is also carried out at each of the sampling site of radon. A portable radon-thoron monitor and a portable gamma radiation detector were respectively employed to estimate the activity concentration of radon in water samples and to measure the gamma dose rate. The radon concentration was found to exhibit variability from a minimum of 2.9 BqL-1 to a maximum of 197.2 BqL-1, with a mean of 26.3 BqL-1 and a standard deviation of 23.3 BqL-1. From a total of 85 samples, 10.6% of the samples had radon activity concentrations exceeding the permissible limits of 40 BqL-1 set by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiations as reported by UNSCEAR (Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, 2008) and only 1.2% of the samples have radon activity concentration exceeding the permissible limits of 100 BqL-1 set by the World Health Organization as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008). The mean of the annual effective dose due to inhalation for all age groups as well as the annual ingestion dose for infants and children, surpasses the World Health Organization's limit of 100 μSv y-1 as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008). The observed gamma radiation dose rate in the vicinity of groundwater radon sites ranged from a minimum of 138 nSv h-1 to a maximum of 250 nSv h-1. The data indicated no significant correlation between the dose rate of gamma radiation and the radon levels in the groundwater. Radon concentration of potable water in the study area presents a non-negligible exposure pathway for residents. Therefore, the judicious application of established radon mitigation techniques is pivotal to minimize public health vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiq Chakan
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ramees R Mir
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Salik Nazir
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Mehak Mohi U Din
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shakeel Simnani
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Masood
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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Guembou Shouop CJ, Beyala Ateba JF, Maya J, Mvondo S, Simo A, Ndontchueng Moyo M. 222Rn and 220Rn levels in drinking water, emanation, and exhalation assessment, and the related health implications in the U-bearing area of Poli-Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:355. [PMID: 39083074 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent radioactivity of radon gas presents potential exposure risks to human beings through ingestion and inhalation of its radioisotopes 222Rn (radon) and 220Rn (thoron) from water sources. Recent studies have been conducted to assess radon concentrations in different environmental matrices such as water, air, and soil, due to their detrimental impact on human health. As the main cause of lung cancer in non-smokers and an acknowledged contributor to stomach cancer when ingested, the present study aimed to preliminarily assess radon and thoron levels in the Uranium bearing area of Poli in the Faro division of Cameroon, known for its significant U-deposits. The assessment included measuring 220, 222Rn concentrations in drinking water, emanation, and exhalation, with a specific focus on evaluating the exposure of different age groups within the local population. The radon/thoron levels in water and their related exposure and cancer risk data indicated no immediate health hazards. However, continuous monitoring and prospective measures are deemed essential due to the area's abundant U-minerals. The emanation measurements showed sparsely distributed data with a singularity at Salaki, where the equipment recorded values of 8.14 × 1012 Bqm-3 and 3.27 × 1012 Bqm-3 for radon and thoron, respectively. Moreover, radon/thoron transfer coefficients from the soil to the air indicated levels below unity. While the calculated doses suggest minimum potential risk in line with WHO and UNSCEAR guidelines, the obtained results are expected to significantly contribute to the establishment of national standards for radon levels in drinking water, emanation, and exhalation. Furthermore, these findings can play a crucial role in monitoring radon/thoron levels to ensure public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Felix Beyala Ateba
- National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon, Box 33732, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 337, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Josue Maya
- Northern Regional Office of the National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Stanislas Mvondo
- Northern Regional Office of the National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Augustin Simo
- National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon, Box 33732, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Ndontchueng Moyo
- UFD Mathématiques, Informatique Appliquée et Physique Fondamentale, Université de Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
- Littoral Regional Office of the National Radiation Protection Agency of Cameroon, Littoral Regional Office, Box 5331, Akwa-Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
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Shah SSA, Asif AR, Ilahi M, Haroon H, Islam I, Qadir A, Nisar I, Sani MMU, Iqbal R, Rahman MHU, Arslan M, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Ditta A. Geographical distribution of radon and associated health risks in drinking water samples collected from the Mulazai area of Peshawar, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6042. [PMID: 38472226 PMCID: PMC10933375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Geospatial methods, such as GIS and remote sensing, map radon levels, pinpoint high-risk areas and connect geological traits to radon presence. These findings direct health planning, focusing tests, mitigation, and policies where radon levels are high. Overall, geospatial analyses offer vital insights, shaping interventions and policies to reduce health risks from radon exposure. There is a formidable threat to human well-being posed by the naturally occurring carcinogenic radon (222Rn) gas due to high solubility in water. Under the current scenario, it is crucial to assess the extent of 222Rn pollution in our drinking water sources across various regions and thoroughly investigate the potential health hazards it poses. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the concentration of 222Rn in groundwater samples collected from handpumps and wells and to estimate health risks associated with the consumption of 222Rn-contaminated water. For this purpose, groundwater samples (n = 30) were collected from handpumps, and wells located in the Mulazai area, District Peshawar. The RAD7 radon detector was used as per international standards to assess the concentration of 222Rn in the collected water samples. The results unveiled that the levels of 222Rn in the collected samples exceeded the acceptable thresholds set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) of 11.1 Bq L-1. Nevertheless, it was determined that the average annual dose was below the recommended limit of 0.1 mSv per year, as advised by both the European Union Council and the World Health Organization. In order to avoid the harmful effects of such excessive 222Rn concentrations on human health, proper ventilation and storage of water in storage reservoirs for a long time before use is recommended to lower the 222Rn concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Samran Ali Shah
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, Ealing, London, UK
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rahim Asif
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ilahi
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- GIS & Space Applications in Geosciences (G-SAG) Lab, National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Haroon
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ihtisham Islam
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Qadir
- Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Shakarparian National Park, Garden Ave, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Agroecology and Organic Farming Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Crop Science, INRES, University of Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Agroecology and Organic Farming Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Khutia S, Dawn A, Seal K, Chaudhuri H, Maji C, Mukherjee S. Age-dependent potential health risk assessment due to radioactive radon-222 in the environs of highly populated Durgapur industrial zone and nearby Bakreswar hot spring, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5727-5759. [PMID: 36646974 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exposure to a high concentration of radon-222 causes severe health effects, including cancer. The present article includes a survey on radon-222 in the water bodies of the city Durgapur [non-geothermal area] and nearby Bakreswar hot spring [geothermal province], India. The possible sources of radon from natural radionuclides and industries have been discussed in the article. Durgapur is a densely populated [~ 3680 persons/km2] industrial city with a population of 0.57 million. On the other hand, many tourists and pilgrims usually visit Bakreswar throughout the year. Age-dependent potential health risk assessments of the dwellers at Durgapur and Bakreswar due to radon exposure were performed for the first time. The present work is the first attempt to estimate the mean ingestion /and inhalation dose per annum, total effective dose [TED] per annum and the health risk assessment for cancer in adults, children and infants due to radon exposure at Durgapur and Bakreswar. In some cases, the values of TED exceed the permissible limit of 100 micro Sievert per year [µSv/y] as recommended by EUC and WHO. The radiation profile maps relating to radon concentration and associated contour maps of health risk factors [HRF] for the adults, children and infants were also prepared for the first time. Some areas were identified as high-risk zones, and the dwellers are prone to a high risk of cancer. The article also proposed several techniques to reduce radon in water and buildings. The authors also recommended banning some water sources to protect people from radon risk. This study will help scientists, policymakers, industrialists, farmers, government agencies and public health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Khutia
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Ankita Dawn
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
- Department of Physics, Durgapur Women's College, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Kankana Seal
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Hirok Chaudhuri
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India.
- Center for Research on Environment and Water (CREW), National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India.
| | - Chiranjit Maji
- Department of Science (Physics), Quantum School of Graduate Studies, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
| | - Suvashree Mukherjee
- Center for Research on Environment and Water (CREW), National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
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Muhammad S, Haq A. Spatial distribution of radon contamination in hot springs water and its cancer and non-cancer risks in the Hunza-Nagar valley, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5829-5840. [PMID: 37160537 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Radon (222Rn) is a ubiquitous radioactive gas and could threaten human life due to its potential for cancer and non-cancer risks. This study examined the measurement of 222Rn concentration and associated health risks in the hot springs of Hunza-Nagar valley. For this purpose, the hot springs water of Hunza and Nagar districts and the background sites were analyzed for 222Rn concentration using the RAD7 detector (Durridge Company, USA). The average concentrations of 222Rn were 46.1 ± 0.94, 65.3 ± 0.45, and 5.47 ± 0.25 Bq/L in the Hunza district, Nagar district, and background sites, respectively. Results showed that 222Rn concentrations of hot springs water were multifold higher than the background sites. 222Rn concentrations for hot springs water in Hunza-Nagar valley had surpassed the maximum contamination level set by the US environmental protection agency (USEPA). Humans' annual mean exposure dose rates of various age groups were calculated for the estimated lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and non-cancer risks. The total annual mean exposure doses from 222Rn in water (EwTotal) values were (187 ± 3.80, 265 ± 1.84, and 22.2 ± 1.02 μSv/a) for infants (143 ± 2.92, 203 ± 1.40, and 17.0 ± 0.78 μSv/a) children, and (138 ± 2.80, 196 ± 1.35, and 16.4 ± 0.76 μSv/a) adults in the Hunza district, Nagar district, and background, respectively. Among the age groups of humans, infants showed a higher risk than others. Results showed that hot springs water consumption surpassed the world health organization threshold of 100 μSv/y for chronic or non-cancer and USEPA 0.1 × 10-3 for ELCR risks. The concentration of 222Rn showed a positive correlation (> 0.68) with hot springs' water temperature and pH suggesting a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Anwarul Haq
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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Ijaz J, Ali W, Muhammad S, Ullah H, Ather D, Ud Din I. Annual effective dose estimation of radon in drinking water sources of Nizampur basin, North Western Pakistan. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2023; 59:539-553. [PMID: 37920884 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2276218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed radon (222Rn) levels in drinking water sources in the Nizampur basin and their potential health risks for the local community. We analyzed 48 water samples on-site using RAD7. Additionally, we measured pH, temperature (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), redox potential (ORP), and electrical conductivity (EC) with a multiparameter analyzer. Results showed pH, T, TDS, ORP, and EC ranging from 7.2 to 8, 17 to 26 °C, 333 to 1130 mg/l, -56 to 284 mV, and 469 to 2370 µS/cm. 222Rn levels varied significantly (0.7-107 Bq/l, mean 23 ± 21, median = 17 Bq/l), with about 65 % exceeding the EPA's limit of 11.1 Bq/l, indicating health risks likely due to local geological conditions. The annual effective doses for ingestion (EwIng) were 0.87 ± 0.01, 0.35 ± 0.006, and 0.13 ± 0.002 µSv/a for adults, infants, and children, respectively. Exposure risk via the inhalation (EwInh) route ranged from 1.75 to 270 µSv/a, with the highest risk in infants, followed by children and adults. Inhalation was the primary exposure route for all age groups. Further, spatial distribution maps and hotspot analysis suggested that the central region characterized by high structural deformation and favorable geology for radon emanation was the area of concern in terms of health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Ijaz
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Danish Ather
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ud Din
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Alam MS, Siraz MMM, A M J, Das SC, Bradley DA, Khandaker MU, Tokonami S, Shelley A, Yeasmin S. A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286267. [PMID: 37220107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radon (222Rn), an inert gas, is considered a silent killer due to its carcinogenic characteristics. Dhaka city is situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, which is regarded as the lifeline of Dhaka city because it serves as a significant source of the city's water supply for domestic and industrial purposes. Thirty water samples (10 tap water from Dhaka city and 20 surface samples from the Buriganga River) were collected and analyzed using a RAD H2O accessory for 222Rn concentration. The average 222Rn concentration in tap and river water was 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L and 0.68 ± 0.29 Bq/L, respectively. All the values were found below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/L set by the USEPA, the WHO-recommended safe limit of 100 Bq/L, and the UNSCEAR suggested range of 4-40 Bq/L. The mean values of the total annual effective doses due to inhalation and ingestion were calculated to be 9.77 μSv/y and 4.29 μSv/y for tap water and river water, respectively. Although all these values were well below the permissible limit of 100 μSv/y proposed by WHO, they cannot be neglected because of the hazardous nature of 222Rn, especially considering their entry to the human body via inhalation and ingestion pathways. The obtained data may serve as a reference for future 222Rn-related works.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair A M
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S C Das
- Institute of Nuclear Minerals, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Afroza Shelley
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Singla AK, Kanse S, Kansal S, Rani S, Mehra R. A comprehensive study of radon in drinking waters of Hanumangarh district and the assessment of resulting dose to local population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:443-455. [PMID: 35704260 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Study of radon concentration in drinking water from different sources (groundwater and surface water) used across the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, India, was done using scintillation-based detector. The concentration of radon in surface water varied from 0.12 to 2.07 Bq/l with an average value of 0.62 Bq/l and a standard deviation of 0.55 Bq/l and in groundwater samples varied from 1.61 to 8.73 Bq/l with an average value of 4.8 Bq/l and a standard deviation of 2.24 Bq/l. The ingestion and inhalation dose were calculated to assess the health risk for infants, children and adults. The resulting average annual effective dose has been found to be considerably lower than the recommended safe limit of 0.1 msv/y (WHO, In: Incorporating first and second addenda, third ed. WHO Press, Geneva. 3rd ed. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008). It can be concluded that radon in water does not pose a significant radiological health risk to the population of the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singla
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kansal
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
| | - Supriya Rani
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
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Investigation of indoor 222Rn, 220Rn and their progeny in Punjab, northwestern India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Evaluation and analysis of the spatial distribution of radiation risks caused by radon in drinking water of Batman, Türkiye. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hidayath M, Chandrashekara MS, Rani KSP, Namitha SN. Studies on the concentration of 226Ra and 222Rn in drinking water samples and effective dose to the population of Davanagere district, Karnataka state, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Rani S, Kansal S, Singla AK, Nazir S, Mehra R. A comprehensive study of exhalation rates in soil samples to understand the high-risk potential area in Barnala and Moga districts of Punjab, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Bech J. Special issue on "geochemistry, soil contamination and human health. Part 1". ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4869-4874. [PMID: 34705160 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Bech
- University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Radiological risk assessment due to attached/unattached fractions of radon and thoron progeny in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Singh B, Kant K, Garg M. DISTRIBUTION OF RADON AND URANIUM LEVELS IN GROUNDWATER OF DISTRICT PALWAL, SOUTHERN HARYANA, INDIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 196:241-247. [PMID: 34718798 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scintillation-detector-based SMART RnDuo (AQTEK System, India) and LED fluorimeter (Quantalase Instrument, India) were used for measurements of radon and uranium concentration in 54 groundwater samples collected from different locations in the Palwal district of Haryana (India). Radon in 26% and uranium in 54% of samples were found to be at higher levels than the maximum contamination limit (11 Bq l-1) for drinking water recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency and provisional guideline level (30 μg l-1) stated by World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Singh
- Department of Physics, J.C. Bose US&T, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kant
- Department of Physics, Aggarwal College Ballabgarh, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India
| | - Maneesha Garg
- Department of Physics, J.C. Bose US&T, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
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17
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Nazir S, Sahoo BK, Rani S, Masood S, Mishra R, Ahmad N, Rashid I, Zahoor Ahmad S, Simnani S. Radon mapping in groundwater and indoor environs of Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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