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Zhu N, Zhao Y, Mi M, Lu Y, Tan Y, Fang X, Weng S, Yuan Y. REV1: A novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for various cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:997970. [PMID: 36246647 PMCID: PMC9560673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: REV1 is a member of the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase Y family. It is an essential player in a variety of DNA replication activities, and perform major roles in the production of both spontaneous and DNA damage-induced mutations. This study aimed to explore the role of REV1 as a prognostic biomarker and its potential function regulating the sensitivity of anti-tumor drugs in various cancers. Methods: We analyzed the impact of REV1 gene alterations on patient prognosis and the impact of different REV1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on protein structure and function using multiple online prediction servers. REV1 expression was assessed using data from Oncomine, TCGA, and TIMER database. The correlation between REV1 expression and patient prognosis was performed using the PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The IC50 values of anti-cancer drugs were downloaded from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database and the correlation analyses between REV1 expression and each drug pathway’s IC50 value in different tumor types were conducted. Results: Progression free survival was longer in REV1 gene altered group comparing to unaltered group [Median progression free survival (PFS), 107.80 vs. 60.89 months, p value = 7.062e-3]. REV1 SNP rs183737771 (F427L) was predicted to be deleterious SNP. REV1 expression differs in different tumour types. Low REV1 expression is associated with better prognosis in colorectal disease specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), gastric overall survival (OS), post progression survival (PPS) and ovarian (OS, PPS) cancer while high REV1 expression is associated with better prognosis in lung [OS, relapse free survival (RFS), first progession (FP), PPS] and breast (DSS, RFS) cancer. In colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, low expression of REV1 may suggest resistance to drugs in certain pathways. Conversely, high expression of REV1 in acute myeloid leukemia, brain lower grade glioma, small cell lung cancer and thyroid carcinoma may indicate resistance to drugs in certain pathways. Conclusion: REV1 plays different roles in different tumor types, drug susceptibility, and related biological events. REV1 expression is significantly correlated with different prognosis in colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast, and gastric cancer. REV1 expression can be used as predictive marker for various drugs of various pathways in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yier Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Wilkinson NA, Mnuskin KS, Ashton NW, Woodgate R. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins Are Essential Regulators of DNA Damage Bypass. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102848. [PMID: 33023096 PMCID: PMC7600381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are conjugated to many other proteins within the cell, to regulate their stability, localization, and activity. These modifications are essential for normal cellular function and the disruption of these processes contributes to numerous cancer types. In this review, we discuss how ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins regulate the specialized replication pathways of DNA damage bypass, as well as how the disruption of these processes can contribute to cancer development. We also discuss how cancer cell survival relies on DNA damage bypass, and how targeting the regulation of these pathways by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins might be an effective strategy in anti-cancer therapies. Abstract Many endogenous and exogenous factors can induce genomic instability in human cells, in the form of DNA damage and mutations, that predispose them to cancer development. Normal cells rely on DNA damage bypass pathways such as translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) to replicate past lesions that might otherwise result in prolonged replication stress and lethal double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, due to the lower fidelity of the specialized polymerases involved in TLS, the activation and suppression of these pathways must be tightly regulated by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination in order to limit the risk of mutagenesis. Many cancer cells rely on the deregulation of DNA damage bypass to promote carcinogenesis and tumor formation, often giving them heightened resistance to DNA damage from chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the key functions of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in regulating DNA damage bypass in human cells, and highlight ways in which these processes are both deregulated in cancer progression and might be targeted in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas W. Ashton
- Correspondence: (N.W.A.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-301-435-1115 (N.W.A.); +1-301-435-0740 (R.W.)
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Correspondence: (N.W.A.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-301-435-1115 (N.W.A.); +1-301-435-0740 (R.W.)
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3
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Sasatani M, Zaharieva EK, Kamiya K. The in vivo role of Rev1 in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Genes Environ 2020; 42:9. [PMID: 32161626 PMCID: PMC7048032 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) is an error-prone pathway required to overcome replication blockage by DNA damage. Aberrant activation of TLS has been suggested to play a role in tumorigenesis by promoting genetic mutations. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying TLS-mediated tumorigenesis in vivo remain unclear. Rev1 is a member of the Y family polymerases and plays a key role in the TLS pathway. Here we introduce the existing to date Rev1-mutated mouse models, including the Rev1 transgenic (Tg) mouse model generated in our laboratory. We give an overview of the current knowledge on how different disruptions in Rev1 functions impact mutagenesis and the suggested molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. We summarize the available data from ours and others’ in vivo studies on the role of Rev1 in the initiation and promotion of cancer, emphasizing how Rev1-mutated mouse models can be used as complementary tools for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Elena Karamfilova Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
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4
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Zafar MK, Eoff RL. Translesion DNA Synthesis in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1942-1955. [PMID: 28841374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The genomic landscape of cancer is one marred by instability, but the mechanisms that underlie these alterations are multifaceted and remain a topic of intense research. Cellular responses to DNA damage and/or replication stress can affect genome stability in tumors and influence the response of patients to therapy. In addition to direct repair, DNA damage tolerance (DDT) is an element of genomic maintenance programs that contributes to the etiology of several types of cancer. DDT mechanisms primarily act to resolve replication stress, and this can influence the effectiveness of genotoxic drugs. Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is an important component of DDT that facilitates direct bypass of DNA adducts and other barriers to replication. The central role of TLS in the bypass of drug-induced DNA lesions, the promotion of tumor heterogeneity, and the involvement of these enzymes in the maintenance of the cancer stem cell niche presents an opportunity to leverage inhibition of TLS as a way of improving existing therapies. In the review that follows, we summarize mechanisms of DDT, misregulation of TLS in cancer, and discuss the potential for targeting these pathways as a means of improving cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof K Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, United States
| | - Robert L Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, United States
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5
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Sasatani M, Xi Y, Kajimura J, Kawamura T, Piao J, Masuda Y, Honda H, Kubo K, Mikamoto T, Watanabe H, Xu Y, Kawai H, Shimura T, Noda A, Hamasaki K, Kusunoki Y, Zaharieva EK, Kamiya K. Overexpression of Rev1 promotes the development of carcinogen-induced intestinal adenomas via accumulation of point mutation and suppression of apoptosis proportionally to the Rev1 expression level. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:570-578. [PMID: 28498946 PMCID: PMC5872566 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development often involves mutagenic replication of damaged DNA by the error-prone translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway. Aberrant activation of this pathway plays a role in tumorigenesis by promoting genetic mutations. Rev1 controls the function of the TLS pathway, and Rev1 expression levels are associated with DNA damage induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. However, it remains unclear whether deregulated Rev1 expression triggers or promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, we generated a novel Rev1-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mouse and characterized its susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Using a small intestinal tumor model induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), we found that transgenic expression of Rev1 accelerated intestinal adenoma development in proportion to the Rev1 expression level; however, overexpression of Rev1 alone did not cause spontaneous development of intestinal adenomas. In Rev1 Tg mice, MNU-induced mutagenesis was elevated, whereas apoptosis was suppressed. The effects of hREV1 expression levels on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of MNU were confirmed in the human cancer cell line HT1080. These data indicate that dysregulation of cellular Rev1 levels leads to the accumulation of mutations and suppression of cell death, which accelerates the tumorigenic activities of DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Junko Kajimura
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kawamura
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jinlian Piao
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Toxicogenomics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kei Kubo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mikamoto
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yanbin Xu
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6, Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan and
| | - Asao Noda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Kanya Hamasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Elena Karamfilova Zaharieva
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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6
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Bostian ACL, Eoff RL. Aberrant Kynurenine Signaling Modulates DNA Replication Stress Factors and Promotes Genomic Instability in Gliomas. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1369-80. [PMID: 27482758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan (TRP) is implicated in a number of neurological conditions including depression, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The TRP catabolite kynurenine (KYN) has recently emerged as an important neuroactive factor in brain tumor pathogenesis, with additional studies implicating KYN in other types of cancer. Often highlighted as a modulator of the immune response and a contributor to immune escape for malignant tumors, it is well-known that KYN has effects on the production of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), which can have a direct impact on DNA repair, replication, cell division, redox signaling, and mitochondrial function. Additional effects of KYN signaling are imparted through its role as an endogenous agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and it is largely through activation of the AhR that KYN appears to mediate malignant progression in gliomas. We have recently reported on the ability of KYN signaling to modulate expression of human DNA polymerase kappa (hpol κ), a translesion enzyme involved in bypass of bulky DNA lesions and activation of the replication stress response. Given the impact of KYN on NAD(+) production, AhR signaling, and translesion DNA synthesis, it follows that dysregulation of KYN signaling in cancer may promote malignancy through alterations in the level of endogenous DNA damage and replication stress. In this perspective, we discuss the connections between KYN signaling, DNA damage tolerance, and genomic instability, as they relate to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C L Bostian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, United States
| | - Robert L Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, United States
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7
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Yeom M, Kim IH, Kim JK, Kang K, Eoff RL, Guengerich FP, Choi JY. Effects of Twelve Germline Missense Variations on DNA Lesion and G-Quadruplex Bypass Activities of Human DNA Polymerase REV1. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:367-79. [PMID: 26914252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Y-family DNA polymerase REV1 is involved in replicative bypass of damaged DNA and G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. In addition to a scaffolding role in the replicative bypass, REV1 acts in a catalytic role as a deoxycytidyl transferase opposite some replication stall sites, e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, N(2)-guanyl lesions, and G4 sites. We characterized the biochemical properties of 12 reported germline missense variants of human REV1, including the N373S variant associated with high risk of cervical cancer, using the recombinant REV1 (residues 330-833) proteins and DNA templates containing a G, AP site, N(2)-CH2(2-naphthyl)G (N(2)-NaphG), or G4. In steady-state kinetic analyses, the F427L, R434Q, M656V, D700N, R704Q, and P831L variants displayed 2- to 8-fold decreases in kcat/Km for dCTP insertion opposite all four templates, compared to that of wild-type, while the N373S, M407L, and N497S showed 2- to 3-fold increases with all four and the former three or two templates, respectively. The F427L, R434Q, M656V, and R704Q variants also had 2- to 3-fold lower binding affinities to DNA substrates containing G, an AP site, and/or N(2)-NaphG than wild-type. Distinctively, the N373S variant had a 3-fold higher binding affinity to G4 DNA than the wild-type, as well as a 2-fold higher catalytic activity opposite the first tetrad G, suggesting a facilitating effect of this variation on replication of G4 DNA sequences in certain human papillomavirus genomes. Our results suggest that the catalytic function of REV1 is moderately or slightly altered by at least nine genetic variations, and the G4 DNA processing function of REV1 is slightly enhanced by the N373S variation, which might provide the possibility that certain germline missense REV1 variations affect the individual susceptibility to carcinogenesis by modifying the capability of REV1 for replicative bypass past DNA lesions and G4 motifs derived from chemical and viral carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, United States
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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8
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Goričar K, Kovač V, Jazbec J, Zakotnik B, Lamovec J, Dolžan V. Translesion polymerase genes polymorphisms and haplotypes influence survival of osteosarcoma patients. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:180-5. [PMID: 25748439 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic activity of most chemotherapeutic agents is based on their ability to induce DNA damage. Interstrand crosslinks are among the most detrimental forms of DNA damage as both DNA strands are affected. As translesion polymerases participate in their repair, they may be important for response to chemotherapeutic agents that induce such lesions, including commonly used cisplatin. Altered expression of translesion polymerase genes REV1 and REV3L may modify sensitivity to cisplatin. As osteosarcoma patients are commonly treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, our aim was to investigate if REV1 and REV3L polymorphisms influence survival of osteosarcoma patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We determined the genotypes of common functional tag REV1 and REV3L polymorphisms in 66 osteosarcoma patients. Cox regression was used for survival analysis. Carriers of at least one polymorphic REV1 rs3087403 allele had significantly shorter EFS and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004; HR = 3.79; 95%CI = 1.53-9.35 and p < 0.001; HR = 4.44; 95%CI = 1.92-10.27, respectively). Combination of REV1 rs3087403 and REV3L rs462779 polymorphisms was also significantly associated with shorter OS (ptrend<0.001) and shorter EFS (ptrend = 0.003). The results of this first study on polymorphisms in translesion polymerase genes in osteosarcoma suggest they could help predict outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- 1 Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Habbous S, Pang V, Xu W, Amir E, Liu G. Human papillomavirus and host genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:220-9. [PMID: 25174543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinogenesis continues to rise, the role of genetic factors that modify this risk have become increasingly important. In this study, we reviewed the literature for associations between polymorphisms and HPV in carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To identify any associations of genetic polymorphisms with oncogenic HPV in carcinogenesis and to evaluate the methodology used. STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review of HPV, genetic polymorphisms, and cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR), interaction terms, and p-values were tabulated. Meta-analyses and measures of heterogeneity were estimated using RevMan 5.1. RESULTS The cervix was the most frequently studied cancer site followed by the head and neck. Overall risk of cancer (cancer vs. control) was the most common comparison, whereas reports of initiation (pre-cancer vs. control) and progression (cancer vs. pre-cancer) were rare. Case-series and joint-effect of HPV and genotype on risk was evaluated frequently, but the independent effect of either risk factor alone was rarely provided. P53-Arg72Pro was the most commonly studied polymorphism studied. No consistent interaction was detected by meta-analysis in the HPV(+) [OR 0.98 (0.55-1.76)] or the HPV(-) [OR 1.10 (0.76-1.60)] subsets in head and neck cancer risk. Polymorphisms in genes known to encode proteins that physically interact with HPV were infrequently studied. CONCLUSION No consistent polymorphism-HPV interactions were observed. Study design, choice of candidate polymorphisms/genes, and a focus on overall risk rather than any specific portions of the carcinogenic pathway may have contributed to lack of significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Habbous
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Vincent Pang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Wei Xu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Eitan Amir
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Medicine and Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9.
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10
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Goričar K, Kovač V, Dolžan V. Polymorphisms in translesion polymerase genes influence treatment outcome in malignant mesothelioma. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:941-50. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the influence of genetic variability in translesion polymerases REV1 and REV3L on the outcome of cisplatin treatment in malignant mesothelioma patients. Materials & methods: In total, 139 malignant mesothelioma patients were genotyped for seven tag SNPs in REV1 and REV3L. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to assess the influence of SNPs on treatment outcome. Results: Polymorphic REV1 rs3087403 allele and REV1 TGT haplotype were associated with increased risk for leukopenia (p = 0.013 and p = 0.047, respectively) and neutropenia (p = 0.048 and p = 0.024, respectively). REV3L rs465646, rs462779 and REV3L CCGG haplotype were significantly associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.007, p = 0.022 and p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest for the first time that REV1 and REV3L SNPs might serve as potential predictive markers of outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Original submitted 7 October 2013; Revision submitted 15 January 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovač
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Tian C, Yang L, Wang Z. Genetic variants and risk of cervical cancer: epidemiological evidence, meta-analysis and research review. BJOG 2014; 121:664-74. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - C Tian
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - L Yang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
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12
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Abstract
The structural features that enable replicative DNA polymerases to synthesize DNA rapidly and accurately also limit their ability to copy damaged DNA. Direct replication of DNA damage is termed translesion synthesis (TLS), a mechanism conserved from bacteria to mammals and executed by an array of specialized DNA polymerases. This chapter examines how these translesion polymerases replicate damaged DNA and how they are regulated to balance their ability to replicate DNA lesions with the risk of undesirable mutagenesis. It also discusses how TLS is co-opted to increase the diversity of the immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and the contribution it makes to the mutations that sculpt the genome of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian E Sale
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom.
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13
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Makridakis NM, Reichardt JKV. Translesion DNA polymerases and cancer. Front Genet 2012; 3:174. [PMID: 22973298 PMCID: PMC3434439 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair has been regarded as an important barrier to carcinogenesis. The newly discovered field of translesion synthesis (TLS) has made it apparent that mammalian cells need distinct polymerases to efficiently and accurately bypass DNA lesions. Perturbation of TLS polymerase activity by mutation, loss of expression, etc. is expected to result in the accumulation of mutations in cells exposed to specific carcinogens. Furthermore, several TLS polymerases can modulate cellular sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. TLS genes and TLS gene variations may thus be attractive pharmacologic and/or pharmacogenetic targets. We review herein current data with regards to the potential contribution of the primary TLS polymerase genes to cancer, their interaction with pharmacologic agents, and identify areas of interest for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick M Makridakis
- Tulane Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University New Orleans, LA, USA
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Sangrajrang S, Sato Y, Sakamoto H, Ohnami S, Khuhaprema T, Yoshida T. REV1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Thai Women. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
The development of cancer drug resistance is a persistent clinical problem limiting the successful treatment of disseminated malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which initially chemoresponsive tumors develop therapeutic resistance remain poorly understood. Error-prone translesional DNA synthesis (TLS) is known to underlie the mutagenic effects of numerous anticancer agents, but little is known as to whether mutation induced by this process is ultimately relevant to tumor drug resistance. Here, we use a tractable mouse model of B-cell lymphoma to interrogate the role of error-prone translesional DNA synthesis in chemotherapy-induced mutation and resistance to front-line chemotherapy. We find that suppression of Rev1, an essential TLS scaffold protein and dCMP transferase, inhibits both cisplatin- and cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenesis. Additionally, by performing repeated cycles of tumor engraftment and treatment, we show that Rev1 plays a critical role in the development of acquired cyclophosphamide resistance. Thus, chemotherapy not only selects for drug-resistant tumor population but also directly promotes the TLS-mediated acquisition of resistance-causing mutations. These data provide an example of an alteration that prevents the acquisition of drug resistance in tumors in vivo. Because TLS also represents a critical mechanism of DNA synthesis in tumor cells following chemotherapy, these data suggest that TLS inhibition may have dual anticancer effects, sensitizing tumors to therapy as well as preventing the emergence of tumor chemoresistance.
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Stallons LJ, McGregor WG. Translesion synthesis polymerases in the prevention and promotion of carcinogenesis. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20936171 PMCID: PMC2945679 DOI: 10.4061/2010/643857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the transformation of cells to the malignant state of cancer is the induction of mutations in the DNA of cells damaged by genotoxic agents. Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is the process by which cells copy DNA containing unrepaired damage that blocks progression of the replication fork. The DNA polymerases that catalyze TLS in mammals have been the topic of intense investigation over the last decade. DNA polymerase η (Pol η) is best understood and is active in error-free bypass of UV-induced DNA damage. The other TLS polymerases (Pol ι, Pol κ, REV1, and Pol ζ) have been studied extensively in vitro, but their in vivo role is only now being investigated using knockout mouse models of carcinogenesis. This paper will focus on the studies of mice and humans with altered expression of TLS polymerases and the effects on cancer induced by environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jay Stallons
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Guo C, Kosarek-Stancel JN, Tang TS, Friedberg EC. Y-family DNA polymerases in mammalian cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2363-81. [PMID: 19367366 PMCID: PMC11115694 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes are replicated with high fidelity to assure the faithful transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. The accuracy of replication relies heavily on the ability of replicative DNA polymerases to efficiently select correct nucleotides for the polymerization reaction and, using their intrinsic exonuclease activities, to excise mistakenly incorporated nucleotides. Cells also possess a variety of specialized DNA polymerases that, by a process called translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), help overcome replication blocks when unrepaired DNA lesions stall the replication machinery. This review considers the properties of the Y-family (a subset of specialized DNA polymerases) and their roles in modulating spontaneous and genotoxic-induced mutations in mammals. We also review recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate PCNA monoubiquitination and DNA polymerase switching during TLS and discuss the potential of using Y-family DNA polymerases as novel targets for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9072, USA.
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Waters LS, Minesinger BK, Wiltrout ME, D'Souza S, Woodruff RV, Walker GC. Eukaryotic translesion polymerases and their roles and regulation in DNA damage tolerance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:134-54. [PMID: 19258535 PMCID: PMC2650891 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00034-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance machineries are crucial to overcome the vast array of DNA damage that a cell encounters during its lifetime. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the eukaryotic DNA damage tolerance pathway translesion synthesis (TLS), a process in which specialized DNA polymerases replicate across from DNA lesions. TLS aids in resistance to DNA damage, presumably by restarting stalled replication forks or filling in gaps that remain in the genome due to the presence of DNA lesions. One consequence of this process is the potential risk of introducing mutations. Given the role of these translesion polymerases in mutagenesis, we discuss the significant regulatory mechanisms that control the five known eukaryotic translesion polymerases: Rev1, Pol zeta, Pol kappa, Pol eta, and Pol iota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Waters
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 68, Room 653, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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