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Nuinoon M, Saiphak W, Nawaka N, Rattanawan C, Pussadhamma B, Jeenduang N. Association of CELSR2, APOB100, ABCG5/8, LDLR, and APOE polymorphisms and their genetic risks with lipids among the Thai subjects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103554. [PMID: 36619676 PMCID: PMC9812717 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia is a common cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CELSR2 (rs629301), APOB100 (rs1367117), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), LDLR (rs6511720), and APOE (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphisms, and their genetic risk scores with lipids among Thai subjects. Methods A total of 459 study subjects (184 males, and 275 females) were enrolled. Blood pressure, serum lipids, and fasting blood sugar were measured. CELSR2 (rs629301), APOB100 (rs1367117), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), and LDLR (rs6511720) polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-HRM. APOE (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Results Total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly higher in APOB100 AA genotype compared with GG, or AA + AG genotypes in total subjects. In addition, significantly higher concentrations of TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were observed in APOE4 carriers compared to APOE2 carriers in total subjects, males, and females. The significantly higher concentrations of TC were observed in APOE4 carriers compared to APOE3 carriers in females. Moreover, the concentrations of TC, and LDL-C were significantly increased with genetic risk scores of APOB100, and APOE polymorphisms in total subjects, and females. There was no association between CELSR2 (rs629301), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), and LDLR (rs6511720) polymorphisms and serum lipids. Conclusion APOB100 (rs1367117), and APOE (rs429358, rs7412) but not CELSR2 (rs629301), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), and LDLR (rs6511720) polymorphisms were associated with serum lipids. The cumulative risk alleles of APOB100 (rs1367117), and APOE (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphisms could enhance the elevated concentrations of TC, and LDL-C, and they may be used to predict severity of hypercholesterolemia among Thai subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manit Nuinoon
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Wutthichai Saiphak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Nawaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chutima Rattanawan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Burabha Pussadhamma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Corresponding author at: School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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Wupperfeld D, Fricker G, Bois De Fer B, Frank L, Wehrle A, Popovic B. Essential phospholipids decrease apoptosis and increase membrane transport in human hepatocyte cell lines. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:91. [PMID: 36153592 PMCID: PMC9508738 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Essential phospholipids (EPL) have hepatoprotective effects across many liver diseases/conditions. The impact of EPL on hepatocyte function in vitro was investigated.
Methods
Effects of noncytotoxic concentrations of EPL (0.1 and 0.25 mg/ml), and its constituents, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) (both at 0.1 and 1 mg/ml), on membrane fluidity, apoptosis and extracellular transport versus controls were investigated in human hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG, steatotic HepaRG).
Results
Significantly increased membrane fluidity occurred with all 3 phospholipids (PLs) in HepG2 cultures, and with PI (1 mg/ml) in steatotic HepaRG cells. Significantly decreased tamoxifen-induced apoptosis was observed in HepG2 cells with EPL, PPC and PI. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) activity was significantly increased by EPL and PI in HepG2 cells. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2) activity was unaffected by any PL in HepG2 cells, and significantly increased by EPL, PI and PPC (1 mg/ml) in HepaRG cells, and by PI (1 mg/ml) in steatotic HepaRG cells. Bile salt export protein (BSEP) activity in HepG2 cells and steatotic HepaRG cells was significantly increased by EPL (0.25 mg/ml), and PPC (both concentrations), but not by PI. The PLs had no effects on HepaRG cell BSEP activity. P-glycoprotein (P-GP) activity was significantly increased by all compounds in HepG2 cells. PI (1 mg/ml) significantly increased P-GP activity in HepaRG and steatotic HepaRG cells.
Conclusions
EPL, PPC, and PI increased hepatocyte membrane fluidity, decreased apoptosis and increased hepatocellular export, all of which may improve liver function. These in-vitro investigations provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of EPL.
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Basavaraju P, Balasubramani R, Kathiresan DS, Devaraj I, Babu K, Alagarsamy V, Puthamohan VM. Genetic Regulatory Networks of Apolipoproteins and Associated Medical Risks. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:788852. [PMID: 35071357 PMCID: PMC8770923 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APO proteins) are the lipoprotein family proteins that play key roles in transporting lipoproteins all over the body. There are nearly more than twenty members reported in the APO protein family, among which the A, B, C, E, and L play major roles in contributing genetic risks to several disorders. Among these genetic risks, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involving the variation of single nucleotide base pairs, and their contributing polymorphisms play crucial roles in the apolipoprotein family and its concordant disease heterogeneity that have predominantly recurred through the years. In this review, we have contributed a handful of information on such genetic polymorphisms that include APOE, ApoA1/B ratio, and A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster-based population genetic studies carried throughout the world, to elaborately discuss the effects of various genetic polymorphisms in imparting various medical conditions, such as obesity, cardiovascular, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, vascular complications, and other associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Basavaraju
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rubadevi Balasubramani
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Divya Sri Kathiresan
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ilakkiyapavai Devaraj
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kavipriya Babu
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vasanthakumar Alagarsamy
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
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4
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Li X, Fu Z, Xu H, Zou J, Zhu H, Li Z, Su K, Huai D, Yi H, Guan J, Yin S. Influence of multiple apolipoprotein A-I and B genetic variations on insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:83. [PMID: 33005209 PMCID: PMC7523361 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships between apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), apolipoprotein B (APOB) with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MetS) are unclear in OSA. We aimed to evaluate whether the multiple single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of APOA-I and APOB exert a collaborative effect on insulin resistance and MetS in OSA. Methods Initially, 12 APOA-I SNPs and 30 APOB SNPs in 5259 subjects were examined. After strict screening, four APOA-I SNPs and five APOB SNPs in 4007 participants were included. For each participant, the genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on the cumulative effect of multiple genetic variants of APOA-I and APOB. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between APOA-I/APOB genetic polymorphisms, insulin resistance, and MetS in OSA. Results Serum APOB levels increased the risk of insulin resistance and MetS adjusting for age, gender and BMI [odds ratio (OR = 3.168, P < 0.001; OR = 6.098, P < 0.001, respectively]. APOA-I GRS decreased the risk of insulin resistance and MetS after adjustments (OR = 0.917, P = 0.001; OR = 0.870, P < 0.001, respectively). APOB GRS had no association with insulin resistance (OR = 1.364, P = 0.610), and had weak association with MetS after adjustments (OR = 1.072, P = 0.042). In addition, individuals in the top quintile of the APOA-I genetic score distribution had a lower risk of insulin resistance and MetS after adjustments (OR = 0.761, P = 0.007; OR = 0.637, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions In patients with OSA, cumulative effects of APOA-I genetic variations decreased the risk of insulin resistance and MetS, whereas multiple APOB genetic variations had no associations with insulin resistance and weak association with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huashan Road 1954, Shanghai, 200030 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - De Huai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huai'an, 223002 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Fuchs CD, Krivanec S, Steinacher D, Mlitz V, Wahlström A, Stahlman M, Claudel T, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, Marschall H, Trauner M. Absence of Bsep/Abcb11 attenuates MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis but aggravates inflammation in mice. Liver Int 2020; 40:1366-1377. [PMID: 32141703 PMCID: PMC7317533 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Bile salt export pump (BSEP) KO mice are metabolically preconditioned with a hydrophilic BA composition protecting them from cholestasis. We hypothesize that changes in hepatic BA profile and subsequent changes in BA signalling may critically determine the susceptibility to steatohepatitis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and BSEP KO mice were challenged with methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce steatohepatitis. Serum biochemistry, lipid profiling as well as intestinal lipid absorption were assessed. Markers of inflammation, fibrosis, lipid and BA metabolism were analysed. Hepatic and faecal BA profile as well as serum levels of the BA synthesis intermediate 7-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) were also investigated. RESULTS Bile salt export pump KO MCD-fed mice developed less steatosis but more inflammation than WT mice. Intestinal neutral lipid levels were reduced in BSEP KO mice at baseline and under MCD conditions. Faecal non-esterified fatty acid concentrations at baseline and under MCD diet were markedly elevated in BSEP KO compared to WT mice. Serum liver enzymes and hepatic expression of inflammatory markers were increased in MCD-fed BSEP KO animals. PPARα protein levels were reduced in BSEP KO mice. Accordingly, PPARα downstream targets Fabp1 and Fatp5 were repressed, while NFκB subunits were increased in MCD-fed BSEP KO mice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein levels were reduced in MCD-fed BSEP KO vs WT mice. Hepatic BA profile revealed elevated levels of TβMCA, exerting FXR antagonistic action, while concentrations of TCA (FXR agonistic function) were reduced. CONCLUSION Presence of hydroxylated BAs result in increased faecal FA excretion and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. This aggravates development of MCD diet-induced hepatitis potentially by decreasing FXR and PPARα signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D. Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sebastian Krivanec
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Steinacher
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Veronika Mlitz
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg LaboratoryInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcus Stahlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg LaboratoryInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital GrazGrazAustria
| | - Hanns‐Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg LaboratoryInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular HepatologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Zhu Y, Hu SC, Zheng PW, Jin MJ, Tang ML, Chen K, Wang JB. Association between CPR-related genetic variants and risk of ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study. Neurol Res 2019; 41:1090-1096. [PMID: 31584351 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1673286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) has been reported to be associated with risk of ischemic vascular disease including ischemic stroke. Genome-wide association studies have revealed several gene variants related to CRP concentration. Methods: We investigated genetic variants in CRP-related genes associated with ischemic stroke in a nested case-control study with 138 ischemic stroke cases and 276 controls. We sequenced the whole coding region of six CPR-related genes and selected eligible SNPs. Three genetic models (additive, dominant and recessive) were calculated by a multivariable conditional logistic regression to estimate the association between SNPs and risk of ischemic stroke. We also calculated gene-environment interactions by using a crossover analysis. Results: Three out of 10 eligible SNPs were shown to be associated with risk of ischemic stroke. rs1800947 in CRP gene (additive model: OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.00-4.23) and rs1169288 in HNF1A gene (additive model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03-2.06) were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. rs440446 in APOE gene (additive model: OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.88) was associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke. Genetic risk scores models including SC-GRS and OR-GRS both showed a significant association with risk of ischemic stroke. These three SNPs interacted with smoking and red meat intake. Conclusions: Our study showed genetic variants of CRP-related genes were associated with risk of ischemic stroke. Our findings could provide useful data for the etiology of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shu-Chang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Pei-Wen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ming-Juan Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Meng-Ling Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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7
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Tajamolian M, Kolahdouz P, Nikpour P, Forouzannia SK, Sheikhha MH, Yazd EF. A Rare Missense Mutation and a Polymorphism with High Frequency in LDLR Gene among Iranian Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Adv Biomed Res 2018. [PMID: 29531935 PMCID: PMC5841003 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.225927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a disorder that is inherited by autosomal dominant pattern. The main cause of FH disease is the occurrence of mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene sequence, as well as apolipoprotein B and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 genes, located in the next ranks, respectively. Materials and Methods: Forty-five unrelated Iranian patients with FH were screened using a high-resolution melting (HRM) method for exon 9 along with intron/exon boundaries of LDLR gene. Samples with shift in resultant HRM curves were compared to normal ones, sequenced, and analyzed. Results: Our findings revealed a missense mutation c. 1246C>T and a known variant IVS9-30C>T (rs1003723) that was recognized in 71% of the patients (22%: homozygous and 49%: heterozygous genotypes). In silico analysis, predicted the pathological effect of the c. 1246C>T mutation in LDLR protein structure, but IVS9-30C>T variant had no predicted effect on splice site and branch point function. Conclusion: FH is a hereditary type of hypercholesterolemia that leads to premature cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and early diagnosis is needed. We detected a rare missense mutation (1246C>T) and a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Iranian population. These reports could help in the genetic diagnosis and counseling of FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Tajamolian
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd, Iran.,Yazd Clinical and Research Center for Infertility, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ehsan Farashahi Yazd
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yazd, Iran.,Yazd Clinical and Research Center for Infertility, Yazd, Iran
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8
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Gu QL, Han Y, Lan YM, Li Y, Kou W, Zhou YS, Hai XJ, Yan B, Ci CH. Association between polymorphisms in the APOB gene and hyperlipidemia in the Chinese Yugur population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6613. [PMID: 28902930 PMCID: PMC5597288 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) variants on the risk of hyperlipidemia (HL) in 631 middle-aged and elderly members of the Chinese Yugur population (HL, n=336; normolipidemia, n=295). APOB polymorphisms were identified using mass spectrometry, and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1042034, rs2163204, rs512535, rs676210, and rs679899) and serum lipids were further analyzed. rs1042034 and rs676210 were significantly associated with HL (P<0.05). Compared with the GG or AA genotype, individuals with AG and AG+AA in rs1042034 and with AG and AG+GG in rs676210 had a 1.67-fold (95%CI=1.20-2.33),1.63-fold (95%CI=1.19-2.24), 1.72-fold (95%CI=1.24-2.40), and 1.67-fold (95%CI=1.21-2.291) increased risk of high HL, respectively. rs2163204 was in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1042034, rs676210, and rs679899, and strong disequilibrium was observed between rs1042034 and rs676210 (D'>0.9). Compared with the GTGAA haplotype, haplotypes ATGGA and ATAGG were more strongly associated with HL [odds ratio (OR)=1.46, 95%CI=0.02-2.11; OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.03-2.60, respectively]. The risk factors age (P=0.008), body mass index (P<0.0001), GA+GG genotype in rs676210 (P=0.009), and alcohol consumption (P=0.056) contributed strongly to HL development. The A allele of rs1042034 and the G allele of rs676210 may thus predispose middle-aged and elderly members of the Chinese Yugur population to HL in combination with other genetic or nutritional factors, and could be used as new genetic markers for HL screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-L Gu
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, WuHan, China
| | - Y-M Lan
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- The Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - W Kou
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y-S Zhou
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - X-J Hai
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - B Yan
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - C-H Ci
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Paththinige CS, Sirisena ND, Dissanayake V. Genetic determinants of inherited susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia - a comprehensive literature review. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:103. [PMID: 28577571 PMCID: PMC5457620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a strong determinant of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular diseases and a major contributor to the global disease burden. Mutations in four genes (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and LDLRAP1) account for the majority of cases with familial hypercholesterolemia. However, a substantial proportion of adults with hypercholesterolemia do not have a mutation in any of these four genes. This indicates the probability of having other genes with a causative or contributory role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia and suggests a polygenic inheritance of this condition. Here in, we review the recent evidence of association of the genetic variants with hypercholesterolemia and the three lipid traits; total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), their biological pathways and the associated pathogenetic mechanisms. Nearly 80 genes involved in lipid metabolism (encoding structural components of lipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors and related proteins, enzymes, lipid transporters, lipid transfer proteins, and activators or inhibitors of protein function and gene transcription) with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that are recognized to be associated with hypercholesterolemia and serum lipid traits in genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies were identified. In addition, genome-wide association studies in different populations have identified SNVs associated with TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in nearly 120 genes within or in the vicinity of the genes that are not known to be involved in lipid metabolism. Over 90% of the SNVs in both these groups are located outside the coding regions of the genes. These findings indicates that there might be a considerable number of unrecognized processes and mechanisms of lipid homeostasis, which when disrupted, would lead to hypercholesterolemia. Knowledge of these molecular pathways will enable the discovery of novel treatment and preventive methods as well as identify the biochemical and molecular markers for the risk prediction and early detection of this common, yet potentially debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Paththinige
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka.
| | - N D Sirisena
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Vhw Dissanayake
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
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Sung Y, Feng Z, Subedi S. A genome-wide association study of multiple longitudinal traits with related subjects. Stat (Int Stat Inst) 2016; 5:22-44. [PMID: 27134745 DOI: 10.1002/sta4.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropy is a phenomenon that a single gene inflicts multiple correlated phenotypic effects, often characterized as traits, involving multiple biological systems. We propose a two-stage method to identify pleiotropic effects on multiple longitudinal traits from a family-based data set. The first stage analyzes each longitudinal trait via a three-level mixed-effects model. Random effects at the subject-level and at the family-level measure the subject-specific genetic effects and between-subjects intraclass correlations within families, respectively. The second stage performs a simultaneous association test between a single nucleotide polymorphism and all subject-specific effects for multiple longitudinal traits. This is performed using a quasi-likelihood scoring method in which the correlation structure among related subjects is adjusted. Two simulation studies for the proposed method are undertaken to assess both the type I error control and the power. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of the two-stage method in identifying pleiotropic genes or loci by analyzing the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 2 cohort data drawn from the Framingham Heart Study and illustrate an example of the kind of complexity in data that can be handled by the proposed approach. We establish that our two-stage method can identify pleiotropic effects whilst accommodating varying data types in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Sung
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Zeny Feng
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wei WQ, Feng Q, Weeke P, Bush W, Waitara MS, Iwuchukwu OF, Roden DM, Wilke RA, Stein CM, Denny JC. Creation and Validation of an EMR-based Algorithm for Identifying Major Adverse Cardiac Events while on Statins. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 2014:112-9. [PMID: 25717410 PMCID: PMC4333709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Statin medications are often prescribed to ameliorate a patient's risk of cardiovascular events due in part to cholesterol reduction. We developed and evaluated an algorithm that can accurately identify subjects with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) while on statins using electronic medical record (EMR) data. The algorithm also identifies subjects experiencing their first MACE while on statins for primary prevention. The algorithm achieved 90% to 97% PPVs in identification of MACE cases as compared against physician review. By applying the algorithm to EMR data in BioVU, cases and controls were identified and used subsequently to replicate known associations with eight genetic variants. We replicated 6/8 previously reported genetic associations with cardiovascular diseases or lipid metabolism disorders. Our results demonstrated that the algorithm can be used to accurately identify subjects with MACE and MACE while on statins. Consequently, future e studies can be conducted to investigate and validate the relationship between statins and MACE using real-world clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Qiping Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter Weeke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - William Bush
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Magarya S. Waitara
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Otito F. Iwuchukwu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M. Roden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Office of Personalized Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Charles M Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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McCaffery JM, Papandonatos GD, Huggins GS, Peter I, Erar B, Kahn SE, Knowler WC, Lipkin EW, Kitabchi AE, Wagenknecht LE, Wing RR. Human cardiovascular disease IBC chip-wide association with weight loss and weight regain in the look AHEAD trial. Hum Hered 2013; 75:160-74. [PMID: 24081232 PMCID: PMC4257841 DOI: 10.1159/000353181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The present study identified genetic predictors of weight change during behavioral weight loss treatment. METHODS Participants were 3,899 overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes from Look AHEAD, a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), including weight loss and physical activity, relative to diabetes support and education, on cardiovascular outcomes. Analyses focused on associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Illumina CARe iSelect (IBC) chip (minor allele frequency >5%; n = 31,959) with weight change at year 1 and year 4, and weight regain at year 4, among individuals who lost ≥ 3% at year 1. RESULTS Two novel regions of significant chip-wide association with year-1 weight loss in ILI were identified (p < 2.96E-06). ABCB11 rs484066 was associated with 1.16 kg higher weight per minor allele at year 1, whereas TNFRSF11A, or RANK, rs17069904 was associated with 1.70 kg lower weight per allele at year 1. CONCLUSIONS This study, the largest to date on genetic predictors of weight loss and regain, indicates that SNPs within ABCB11, related to bile salt transfer, and TNFRSF11A, implicated in adipose tissue physiology, predict the magnitude of weight loss during behavioral intervention. These results provide new insights into potential biological mechanisms and may ultimately inform weight loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M McCaffery
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, R.I., USA
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Al-Bustan SA, Al-Serri AE, Annice BG, Alnaqeeb MA, Ebrahim GA. Re-sequencing of the APOAI promoter region and the genetic association of the -75G > A polymorphism with increased cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels among a sample of the Kuwaiti population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:90. [PMID: 24028463 PMCID: PMC3847302 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background APOAI, a member of the APOAI/CIII/IV/V gene cluster on chromosome 11q23-24, encodes a major protein component of HDL that has been associated with serum lipid levels. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic association of polymorphisms in the APOAI promoter region with plasma lipid levels in a cohort of healthy Kuwaiti volunteers. Methods A 435 bp region of the APOAI promoter was analyzed by re-sequencing in 549 Kuwaiti samples. DNA was extracted from blood taken from 549 healthy Kuwaiti volunteers who had fasted for the previous 12 h. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine allele association with serum lipid levels. Results The target sequence included a partial segment of the promoter region, 5’UTR and exon 1 located between nucleotides −141 to +294 upstream of the APOAI gene on chromosome 11. No novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed. The sequences obtained were deposited with the NCBI GenBank with accession number [GenBank: JX438706]. The allelic frequencies for the three SNPs were as follows: APOAI rs670G = 0.807; rs5069C = 0.964; rs1799837G = 0.997 and found to be in HWE. A significant association (p < 0.05) was observed for the APOAI rs670 polymorphism with increased serum LDL-C. Multivariate analysis showed that APOAI rs670 was an independent predictive factor when controlling for age, sex and BMI for both LDL-C (OR: 1.66, p = 0.014) and TC (OR: 1.77, p = 0.006) levels. Conclusion This study is the first to report sequence analysis of the APOAI promoter in an Arab population. The unexpected positive association found between the APOAI rs670 polymorphism and increased levels of LDL-C and TC may be due to linkage disequilibrium with other polymorphisms in candidate and neighboring genes known to be associated with lipid metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box 5069, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
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Mo X, Liu X, Wang L, Lu X, Chen S, Li H, Huang J, Chen J, Cao J, Li J, Tang Y, Gu D. Association of lipoprotein lipase polymorphism rs2197089 with serum lipid concentrations and LPL gene expression. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:160-4. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Halilbasic E, Claudel T, Trauner M. Bile acid transporters and regulatory nuclear receptors in the liver and beyond. J Hepatol 2013; 58:155-68. [PMID: 22885388 PMCID: PMC3526785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) transporters are critical for maintenance of the enterohepatic BA circulation where BAs exert their multiple physiological functions including stimulation of bile flow, intestinal absorption of lipophilic nutrients, solubilization and excretion of cholesterol, as well as antimicrobial and metabolic effects. Tight regulation of BA transporters via nuclear receptors is necessary to maintain proper BA homeostasis. Hereditary and acquired defects of BA transporters are involved in the pathogenesis of several hepatobiliary disorders including cholestasis, gallstones, fatty liver disease and liver cancer, but also play a role in intestinal and metabolic disorders beyond the liver. Thus, pharmacological modification of BA transporters and their regulatory nuclear receptors opens novel treatment strategies for a wide range of disorders.
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Key Words
- bile acids, cholestasis, fatty liver disease, gallstones, liver regeneration, liver cancer
- 6-ecdca, 6-ethylchenodeoxycholic acid
- ae2, anion exchanger 2
- abcg5/8, cholesterol efflux pump, atp-binding cassette, subfamily g, member 5/8
- ba, bile acid
- ampk, amp activated protein kinase
- bcrp (abcg2), breast cancer resistance protein, atp-binding cassette, subfamily g, member 2
- bric, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
- bsep (abcb11), bile salt export pump
- car (nr1i3), constitutive androstane receptor
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor
- fgf15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- fxr (nr1h4), farnesoid x receptor/bile acid receptor
- glp-1, glucagon like peptide 1
- gr (nr3c1), glucocorticoid receptor
- hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma
- hnf1α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha
- hnf4α (nr2a1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
- ibabp (fabp6, ilbp), intestinal bile acid-binding protein, fatty acid-binding protein 6
- icp, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
- il6, interleukin 6
- lca, lithocholic acid
- lrh-1 (nr5a2), liver receptor homolog-1
- lxrα (nr1h3), liver x receptor alpha
- mdr1 (abcb1), p-glycoprotein, atp-binding cassette, subfamily b, member 1
- mdr2/mdr3 (abcb4), multidrug resistance protein 2 (rodents)/3 (human)
- mrp2 (abcc2), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, atp-binding cassette, subfamily c, member 2
- mrp3 (abcc3), multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, atp-binding cassette, subfamily c, member 3
- mrp4 (abcc4), multidrug resistance-associated protein 4, atp-binding cassette, subfamily c, member 4
- nafld, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- nash, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- norudca, norursodeoxycholic acid
- nr, nuclear receptor
- ntcp (slc10a1), sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, solute carrier family 10, member 1
- oatp1a2 (slco1a2, oatp1, oatp-a, slc21a3), solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1a2
- oatp1b1 (slco1b1, oatp2, oatp-c, slc21a6), solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1b1
- oatp1b3 (slco1b3, oatp8, slc21a8), solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1b3
- ostαβ, organic solute transporter alpha/beta
- pbc, primary biliary cirrhosis
- pfic, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
- ph, partial hepatectomy
- pparα (nr1c1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- pparγ (nr1c3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- psc, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- pxr (nr1i2), pregnane x receptor
- rarα (nr1b1), retinoic acid receptor alpha
- rxrα (nr2b1), retinoid x receptor alpha
- shp (nr0b2), short heterodimer partner
- src2, p160 steroid receptor coactivator
- tgr5, g protein-coupled bile acid receptor
- tnfα, tumor necrosis factor α
- tpn, total parenteral nutrition
- udca, ursodeoxycholic acid
- vdr (nr1i1), vitamin d receptor. please note that for the convenience of better readability and clarity, abbreviations for transporters and nuclear receptors were capitalized throughout this article when symbols were identical for human and rodents
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Trauner
- Corresponding author. Address: Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 01 40400 4741; fax: +43 01 40400 4735.
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Deng B, Luo T, Huang Y, Shen T, Ma J. Prevalence and determinants of hyperlipidemia in moderate altitude areas of the Yunnan-Kweichow plateau in Southwestern China. High Alt Med Biol 2012; 13:13-21. [PMID: 22429228 PMCID: PMC3308708 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2011.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of hyperlipidemia among the populations living at moderate altitude on the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau in Southwestern China. We randomly recruited 1415 people for this study. These subjects underwent a physical examination and a comprehensive questionnaire regarding their daily habits and diets. Furthermore, blood samples from the participants were collected for assessing the lipid profile. We found that 49.3% of participants (95% CI: 46.7-51.9%) suffered from hyperlipidemia. The prevalence in men was significantly higher than that in women (53.6% vs. 44.7%, p<0.01). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 23.3% and of hypertriglyceridemia was 34.1%. Low HDL-C showed a prevalence of 17.5% and high LDL-C of 9.0%. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia also increased with age, as did the prevalence of high TC, TG, and LDL-C. Hyperlipidemic subjects tended to be older and have a higher BMI and WHR than the normolipidemic subjects in the study cohort (p<0.05). The hyperlipidemic subjects, both men and women, tended to dine out often and consume more animal-based foods and alcohol. In addition, the hyperlipidemic men in our cohort consumed more salted food then their normolipidemic counterparts (p<0.01). Normolipidemic subjects of both sexes were also found to prefer a vegetarian diet (p<0.01). Age, alcohol consumption, a preference for meat and animal products, regular dining out, and BMI were found to be the main determinants of hyperlipidemia in women, whereas a prevalence of salted food was observed to be related to hyperlipidemia in men from the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau subpopulation under study (p<0.05). The average daily energy, and protein and fat intakes of the sampled subjects were also higher than the levels set by the Chinese Recommendation Nutrient Intakes (RNI), while hyperlipidemic subjects had an even higher average daily intake of total fat, cholesterol, and lower dietary fiber compared with the normolipidemic subjects in the study group (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study reveals a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased BMI and WHR values in men, as well as a slightly higher prevalence of low HDL-C and high LDL-C in women from Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau. The incidence of hyperlipidemia also increased with age, as did the prevalence of an abnormal TC, TG, LDL-C, and WHR in our study cohort. A high BMI, and less healthy living habits and dietary preferences thus play significant roles in the onset of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Deng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingguang Luo
- People's Hospital of Yunxian County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- People's Hospital of Yunxian County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhang Shen
- People's Hospital of Yunxian County, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Many epidemiological studies showed associations of low birth weight with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The associations seem to be consistent and stronger among subjects with a postnatal catch up growth. It has been suggested that developmental changes in response to adverse fetal exposures might lead to changes in the fetal anatomy and physiology. These adaptations may be beneficial for short term, but may lead to common diseases in adulthood. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the most important adverse fetal exposures in Western countries, and is known to be associated with a 150-200 g lower birth weight. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy might be involved in pathways leading to both low birth weight and common diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity, in adulthood. In this review, we discuss epidemiological studies focused on the associations of maternal smoking with fetal growth and development and cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later life. We also discuss potential biological mechanisms, and challenges for future epidemiological studies.
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Bakker H, Jaddoe VWV. Cardiovascular and metabolic influences of fetal smoke exposure. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26:763-70. [PMID: 21994150 PMCID: PMC3218270 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies showed associations of low birth weight with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The associations seem to be consistent and stronger among subjects with a postnatal catch up growth. It has been suggested that developmental changes in response to adverse fetal exposures might lead to changes in the fetal anatomy and physiology. These adaptations may be beneficial for short term, but may lead to common diseases in adulthood. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the most important adverse fetal exposures in Western countries, and is known to be associated with a 150–200 g lower birth weight. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy might be involved in pathways leading to both low birth weight and common diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity, in adulthood. In this review, we discuss epidemiological studies focused on the associations of maternal smoking with fetal growth and development and cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later life. We also discuss potential biological mechanisms, and challenges for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Bakker
- The Generation R Study Group (Room Ae-012), Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Henkel AS, Kavesh MH, Kriss MS, Dewey AM, Rinella ME, Green RM. Hepatic overexpression of abcb11 promotes hypercholesterolemia and obesity in mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1404-11, 1411.e1-2. [PMID: 21726512 PMCID: PMC3186850 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS ABCB11 is a canalicular transport protein that controls the rate-limiting step in hepatic bile acid secretion. Its expression levels vary in humans, and it is not clear how these variations affect lipid metabolism. We investigated whether overexpression of Abcb11 in mice increases lipid absorption in the intestine and affects the development of obesity or hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Transgenic mice that overexpress Abcb11 in liver (TTR-Abcb11) and FVB/NJ mice (controls) were fed a high-cholesterol or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Intestinal lipid absorption was measured by the dual fecal isotope method. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. The bile acid pool was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS TTR-Abcb11 mice had a nearly 2-fold increase in intestinal cholesterol absorption compared with controls. TTR-Abcb11 mice fed a high-cholesterol diet had greater increases in plasma and hepatic levels of cholesterol and became more obese than controls; they also had increased intestinal absorption of fatty acids and decreased energy expenditure. In the TTR-Abcb11 mice, the sizes of plasma and total bile acid pools were reduced; the bile acid pool contained more species of hydrophobic bile acids compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic overexpression of Abcb11 in mice promotes diet-induced obesity and hypercholesterolemia; increased intestinal cholesterol absorption by hydrophobic bile acids might cause these features. Increased absorption of fatty acids in the intestine and reduced expenditure of energy could increase weight gain in TTR-Abcb11 mice. In humans, variations in expression of ABCB11 might confer genetic susceptibility to diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Trauner M, Halilbasic E. Nuclear receptors as new perspective for the management of liver diseases. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:1120-1125.e1-12. [PMID: 21334334 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that act as sensors for a broad range of natural and synthetic ligands and regulate several key hepatic functions including bile acid homeostasis, bile secretion, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as drug deposition. Moreover, NRs control hepatic inflammation, regeneration, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Therefore, NRs are key for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of a wide range of hepatic disorders. Finally, targeting NRs and their alterations offers exciting new perspectives for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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The Shanghai Changfeng Study: a community-based prospective cohort study of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly: objectives and design. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:885-93. [PMID: 21120588 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Shanghai Changfeng Study is a community-based prospective cohort study of chronic diseases ongoing since February 2009 in Shanghai, China. The study focuses on multiple chronic diseases, including obesity and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, osteoporosis, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurologic diseases. 15,000 subjects of 40 years or over are planned to be recruited. The rationale, objectives and design of this study are described in this paper.
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Jaddoe VWV, van Duijn CM, van der Heijden AJ, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Steegers EAP, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Verhulst FC, Hofman A. The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2010. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:823-41. [PMID: 20967563 PMCID: PMC2991548 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes of normal and abnormal growth, development and health during fetal life, childhood and adulthood. The study focuses on four primary areas of research: (1) growth and physical development; (2) behavioural and cognitive development; (3) diseases in childhood; and (4) health and healthcare for pregnant women and children. In total, 9,778 mothers with a delivery date from April 2002 until January 2006 were enrolled in the study. General follow-up rates until the age of 4 years exceed 75%. Data collection in mothers, fathers and preschool children included questionnaires, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, and biological samples. A genome wide association screen is available in the participating children. Regular detailed hands on assessment are performed from the age of 5 years onwards. Eventually, results forthcoming from the Generation R Study have to contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing health and healthcare for pregnant women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group (AE006), Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Early influences on cardiovascular and renal development. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:677-92. [PMID: 20872047 PMCID: PMC2963737 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that a developmental component plays a role in subsequent disease initially arose from epidemiological studies relating birth size to both risk factors for cardiovascular disease and actual cardiovascular disease prevalence in later life. The findings that small size at birth is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease have led to concerns about the effect size and the causality of the associations. However, recent studies have overcome most methodological flaws and suggested small effect sizes for these associations for the individual, but an potential important effect size on a population level. Various mechanisms underlying these associations have been hypothesized, including fetal undernutrition, genetic susceptibility and postnatal accelerated growth. The specific adverse exposures in fetal and early postnatal life leading to cardiovascular disease in adult life are not yet fully understood. Current studies suggest that both environmental and genetic factors in various periods of life may underlie the complex associations of fetal growth retardation and low birth weight with cardiovascular disease in later life. To estimate the population effect size and to identify the underlying mechanisms, well-designed epidemiological studies are needed. This review is focused on specific adverse fetal exposures, cardiovascular adaptations and perspectives for new studies.
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