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Qiu Y, Wei F, Meng H, Peng M, Zhang J, He Y, Wei L, Ahmed W, Ji G. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of Xanthomonas fragariae YM2 causing angular leaf spot disease in strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1267132. [PMID: 38192696 PMCID: PMC10773614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1267132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Angular leaf spot disease caused by plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae seriously threatens strawberry crop production globally. Methods In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of X. fragariae YM2, isolated from Yunnan Province, China. In addition, we performed a comparative genome analysis of X. fragariae YM2 with two existing strains of X. fragariae YL19 and SHQP01 isolated from Liaoning and Shanghai, respectively. Results The results of Nanopore sequencing showed that X. fragariae YM2 comprises one single chromosome with a contig size of 4,263,697 bp, one plasmid contig size of 0.39 Mb, a GC content ratio of 62.27%, and 3,958 predicted coding genes. The genome of YM2 comprises gum, hrp, rpf, and xps gene clusters and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which are typical virulence factors in Xanthomonas species. By performing a comparative genomic analysis between X. fragariae strains YM2, YL19, and SHQP01, we found that strain YM2 is similar to YL19 and SHQP01 regarding genome size and GC contents. However, there are minor differences in the composition of major virulence factors and homologous gene clusters. Furthermore, the results of collinearity analysis demonstrated that YM2 has lower similarity and longer evolutionary distance with YL19 and SHQP01, but YL19 is more closely related to SHQP01. Conclusions The availability of this high-quality genetic resource will serve as a basic tool for investigating the biology, molecular pathogenesis, and virulence of X. fragariae YM2. In addition, unraveling the potential vulnerabilities in its genetic makeup will aid in developing more effective disease suppression control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fangjun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Han Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Menglin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yilu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lanfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Agricultural Foundation Experiment Teaching Center, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghai Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Abrahamian P, Sharma A, Jones JB, Vallad GE. Dynamics and Spread of Bacterial Spot Epidemics in Tomato Transplants Grown for Field Production. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:566-575. [PMID: 32865478 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-0945-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomato transplants are the primary means of establishing commercial tomato production fields in the eastern United States. Transplants are often suspected as the source of inoculum for major outbreaks in production fields of bacterial spot of tomato (BST) caused by Xanthomonas perforans (Xp). A combination of high plant densities with overhead irrigation, high humidity, and high temperatures are conducive to BST outbreaks during transplant production. In addition to chemical control, transplant growers use roguing to remove diseased transplants, as a primary way to manage BST during transplant production. The value of roguing is often questioned, because information about the rate of pathogen spread and the incubation period between infection and symptom development is limited. In this study, we evaluated the extent of X. perforans spread on tomato transplants relative to symptom development by using a rifampicin-resistant X. perforans strain and conducting experiments in an environmentally controlled greenhouse simulating grower practices and also at a commercial transplant facility in Florida. BST symptom development typically lagged behind X. perforans dispersal by at least 5 to 7 days depending on environmental conditions. Furthermore, X. perforans was capable of aerosolization, which resulted in long-distance dispersal of ≤2 m under highly favorable conditions. Growers should rogue diseased plants and surrounding nonsymptomatic plants by >1 and ≤3 m, depending on outbreak severity, to limit disease spread. As a result, proper disease management should reduce introduction of nonsymptomatic transplants into the field and subsequently reduce pesticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598
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