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Impact of lead (Pb 2+) on the growth and biological activity of Serratia marcescens selected for wastewater treatment and identification of its zntR gene-a metal efflux regulator. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:91. [PMID: 36752862 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms isolated from contaminated areas play an important role in bioremediation processes. They promote heavy metal removal from the environment by adsorbing ions onto the cell wall surface, accumulating them inside the cells, or reducing, complexing, or precipitating these substances in the environment. Microorganism-based bioremediation processes can be highly efficient, low-cost and have low environmental impact. Thus, the present study aimed to select Pb2+-resistant bacteria and evaluate the growth rate, biological activity, and the presence of genes associated with metal resistance. Serratia marcescens CCMA 1010, that was previously isolated from coffee processing wastewater, was selected since was able to growth in Pb2+ concentrations of up to 4.0 mM. The growth rate and generation time did not differ from those of the control (without Pb2+), although biological activity decreased in the first hour of exposure to these ions and stabilized after this period. The presence of the zntR, zntA and pbrA genes was analysed, and only zntR was detected. The zntR gene encodes a protein responsible for regulating the production of ZntA, a transmembrane protein that facilitates Pb2+ extrusion out of the cell. S. marcescens CCMA 1010 demonstrated a potential for use as bioindicator that has potential to be used in bioremediation processes due to its resistance to high concentrations of Pb2+, ability to grow until 24 h of exposure, and possession of a gene that indicates the existence of mechanisms associated with resistance to lead (Pb2+).
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Thalassinos G, Antoniadis V. Monitoring Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Three Wheat-Grown Areas with a Long History of Industrial Activity and Assessment of Their Effect on Human Health in Central Greece. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110293. [PMID: 34822684 PMCID: PMC8624685 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural lands, especially those where wheat is cultivated, in the vicinity of intense anthropogenic activities may be laden with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), resulting in increased risk for human health. In this study we monitored three regions located in central Greece, currently cultivated with wheat: Domokos and Eretria, two areas with abandoned chromium mines, but never studied before, and the industrial area of Volos, near a major steel factory. All soils were alkaline with medium CaCO3 content. As expected, Cr was extremely high in the first two areas (705.2 in Eretria and 777.5 mg kg−1 in Domokos); Ni was also found elevated (1227 in Eretria, 1315 in Domokos and 257.6 mg kg−1 in the steel factory), while other harmful metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) were rather low. As a result, pollution load index, a cumulative index showing the contamination level of an area, was higher than 1.0 in all three areas (Eretria = 2.20, Domokos = 2.28, and steel factory = 1.61), indicating high contamination and anthropogenic inputs. As for the wheat parts (shoots and grains), they were found to have no elevated concentrations of any of the measured metals in all three study areas, probably due to the alkaline soil pH that decelerates metal mobility. This was also confirmed by the very low soil-to-plant transfer coefficient values for all metals. In assessing the possible risk concerning human health, we found that the soil-to-human pathway would induce no significant risk (exhibited by hazard index of less than 1.0), while the risk from grain-to-human resulted in considerable risk for human health in the steel factory of Volos (where HI > 1.0). Our findings suggest that rural areas never studied before with a history in some offensive anthropogenic activity can prove to be a contamination hotspot; we regard this study as a pivotal for similarly never-visited-before areas casually cultivated with wheat (or other important crops for human nutrition). We further recognize the need for a more in-depth study that would acknowledge the geochemical speciation of the studied metals and also monitor other important crops and their possible uptake of PTEs.
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Oropesa AL, Gala JA, Fernandez-Pozo L, Cabezas J, Soler F. Lead content in soils and native plants near an abandoned mine in a protected area of south-western Spain: an approach to determining the environmental risk to wildlife and livestock. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30386-30398. [PMID: 31440969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study of the impact of an abandoned lead (Pb) mine ("Las Musas"), located in SW Spain, on the contamination of the surface soil and pastures in its vicinity revealed the presence of widely distributed, high levels of Pb contamination. The total Pb concentrations in soils sampled at distances from 3 to 998 m from the mine ranged between 129 and 1053 mg/kg, when it has been reported that non-polluted soils have concentrations of 29-40 mg/kg. These exceed the maximum tolerable levels in agricultural soils for the protection of environmental and human health as established in international and regional regulations. While the concentrations of potentially bioavailable Pb in the soils also surpassed the regulatory levels, the effective bioavailable fractions were low. The Pb concentrations measured in native plants ranged from 1.70 to 129 mg/kg dry weight, with Cynosurus echinatus, Philadelphus coronarius, and Fraxinus angustifolia being the species that bioaccumulated the greatest concentrations of this metal. Estimation of the environmental risk to wildlife and livestock grazing in the studied area showed no potential toxicity for these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Lourdes Oropesa
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
- INBIO G + C Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
| | - Juan-Alberto Gala
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Luis Fernandez-Pozo
- Group of Environmental Resources Analysis, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose Cabezas
- Group of Environmental Resources Analysis, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
- IPROCAR Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
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Seneviratne M, Rajakaruna N, Rizwan M, Madawala HMSP, Ok YS, Vithanage M. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress on seed germination and seedling development: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1813-1831. [PMID: 28702790 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soils can influence plants and animals, often leading to toxicosis. Heavy metals can impact various biochemical processes in plants, including enzyme and antioxidant production, protein mobilization and photosynthesis. Hydrolyzing enzymes play a major role in seed germination. Enzymes such as acid phosphatases, proteases and α-amylases are known to facilitate both seed germination and seedling growth via mobilizing nutrients in the endosperm. In the presence of heavy metals, starch is immobilized and nutrient sources become limited. Moreover, a reduction in proteolytic enzyme activity and an increase in protein and amino acid content can be observed under heavy metal stress. Proline, is an amino acid which is essential for cellular metabolism. Numerous studies have shown an increase in proline content under oxidative stress in higher plants. Furthermore, heat shock protein production has also been observed under heavy metal stress. The chloroplast small heat shock proteins (Hsp) reduce photosynthesis damage, rather than repair or help to recover from heavy metal-induced damage. Heavy metals are destructive substances for photosynthesis. They are involved in destabilizing enzymes, oxidizing photosystem II (PS II) and disrupting the electron transport chain and mineral metabolism. Although the physiological effects of Cd have been investigated thoroughly, other metals such as As, Cr, Hg, Cu and Pb have received relatively little attention. Among agricultural plants, rice has been studied extensively; additional studies are needed to characterize toxicities of different heavy metals on other crops. This review summarizes the current state of our understanding of the effects of heavy metal stress on seed germination and seedling development and highlights informational gaps and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Seneviratne
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Nishanta Rajakaruna
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - H M S P Madawala
- Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Environmental Chemodynamics Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
- Office of the Dean, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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Zou L, Zhang S, Duan D, Liang X, Shi J, Xu J, Tang X. Effects of ferrous sulfate amendment and water management on rice growth and metal(loid) accumulation in arsenic and lead co-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8888-8902. [PMID: 29330821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) commonly co-exist with high concentrations in paddy soil mainly due to human activities in south of China. This study investigates the effect of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) amendment and water management on rice growth and arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) accumulation in rice plants. A paddy soil co-contaminated with As and Pb was chosen for the pot experiment with three FeSO4 levels (0, 0.25, and 1%, on a dry weight basis) and two water managements (flooded, non-flooded). The concentrations of As and Pb in iron plaques and rice plants were determined. Application of FeSO4 and non-flooded conditions significantly accelerated the growth of rice plants. With the addition of FeSO4, iron plaques were significantly promoted and most of the As and Pb were sequestered in the iron plaques. The addition of 0.25% FeSO4 and non-flooded conditions did not significantly change the accumulation of As and Pb in rice grains. The practice also significantly decreased the translocation factor (TF) of As and Pb from roots to above-ground parts which might have been aided by the reduction of As and Pb availability in soil, the preventing effect of rice roots, and the formation of more reduced glutathione (GSH). Flooded conditions decreased the Pb concentration in rice plants, but increased As accumulation. Moreover, rice grew thin and weak and even died under flooded conditions. Overall, an appropriate FeSO4 dose and non-flooded conditions might be feasible for rice cultivation, especially addressing the As issue in the co-contaminated soil. However, further detailed studies to decrease the accumulation of Pb in edible parts and the field application in As and Pb co-contaminated soil are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dechao Duan
- Bestwa Environmental Protection Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Tang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Akkaya E, Chormey DS, Bakırdere S. Sensitive determination of cadmium using solidified floating organic drop microextraction-slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:513. [PMID: 28932958 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) by 1-undecanol was combined with slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) for the determination of cadmium at trace levels. Formation of a complex with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine facilitated the extraction of cadmium from aqueous solutions. Several chemical variables were optimized in order to obtain high extraction outputs. Parameters such as concentration of the ligand, pH, and amount of buffer solution were optimized to enhance the formation of cadmium complex. The SFODME method was assisted by dispersion of extractor solvent into aqueous solutions using 2-propanol. Under the optimum extraction and instrumental conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation values obtained for cadmium using the combined methods (SFODME-SQT-FAAS) were found to be 0.4 and 1.3 μg L-1, respectively. Matrix effects on the method were also examined for tap water and wastewater, and spiked recovery results were found to be very satisfactory. Graphical Abstract SFODME-SQT-FAAS system for sensitive determination of cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Akkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey.
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