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Shi T, Zhang Q, Chen X, Mao G, Feng W, Yang L, Zhao T, Wu X, Chen Y. Overview of deltamethrin residues and toxic effects in the global environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:271. [PMID: 38954040 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides. Deltamethrin, as one of the pyrethroids, has high insecticidal activity against pests and parasites and is less toxic to mammals, and is widely used in cities and urban areas worldwide. After entering the natural environment, deltamethrin circulates between solid, liquid and gas phases and enters organisms through the food chain, posing significant health risks. Increasing evidence has shown that deltamethrin has varying degrees of toxicity to a variety of organisms. This review summarized worldwide studies of deltamethrin residues in different media and found that deltamethrin is widely detected in a range of environments (including soil, water, sediment, and air) and organisms. In addition, the metabolism of deltamethrin, including metabolites and enzymes, was discussed. This review shed the mechanism of toxicity of deltamethrin and its metabolites, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatorenal toxicity. This review is aim to provide reference for the ecological security and human health risk assessment of deltamethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Shi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qinwen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of the Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Sung E, Park J, Lee H, Song G, Lim W. Bifenthrin induces cell death in bovine mammary epithelial cells via ROS generation, calcium ion homeostasis disruption, and MAPK signaling cascade alteration. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105637. [PMID: 37945236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin is one of the widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, employed for various purposes worldwide. As lipophilic pyrethroids can easily bind to soil particles, which is why their residues are detected in various environments. Consequently, the toxicity of bifenthrin to non-target organisms can be regarded as an environmental concern. The toxic effects of bifenthrin have been studied in various animal models and cell lines; however, its toxic effects on cattle remain unclear. In particular, gaining insights into the toxic effects of bifenthrin on the mammary lactation system is crucial for the dairy industry. Therefore, we proceeded to investigate the toxic effects of bifenthrin on the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells). We established that bifenthrin inhibited cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis in MAC-T cells. Additionally, bifenthrin induced mitochondrial dysfunction and altered inflammatory gene expression by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also demonstrated that bifenthrin disrupted both cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis. Furthermore, bifenthrin altered mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades and downregulated casein-related genes. Collectively, we confirmed the multiple toxic effects of bifenthrin on MAC-T cells, which could potentially reduce milk yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunho Sung
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Simultaneous determination of pesticides and their degradation products in potatoes by MSPD-LC-MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Baig A, Zubair M, Sumrra SH, Rashid U, Zafar MN, Ahmad F, Nazar MF, Farid M, Bilal M, Alharthi FA, Giannakoudakis DA. Green photosensitisers for the degradation of selected pesticides of high risk in most susceptible food: A safer approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258864. [PMID: 34710164 PMCID: PMC8553129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are the leading defence against pests, but their unsafe use reciprocates the pesticide residues in highly susceptible food and is becoming a serious risk for human health. In this study, mint extract and riboflavin were tested as photosensitisers in combination with light irradiation of different frequencies, employed for various time intervals to improve the photo-degradation of deltamethrin (DM) and lambda cyhalothrin (λ-CHT) in cauliflower. Different source of light was studied, either in ultraviolet range (UV-C, 254 nm or UV-A, 320-380 nm) or sunlight simulator (> 380-800 nm). The degradation of the pesticides varied depending on the type of photosensitiser and light source. Photo-degradation of the DM and λ-CHT was enhanced by applying the mint extracts and riboflavin and a more significant degradation was achieved with UV-C than with either UV-A or sunlight, reaching a maximum decrement of the concentration by 67-76%. The light treatments did not significantly affect the in-vitro antioxidant activity of the natural antioxidants in cauliflower. A calculated dietary risk assessment revealed that obvious dietary health hazards of DM and λ-CHT pesticides when sprayed on cauliflower for pest control. The use of green chemical photosensitisers (mint extract and riboflavin) in combination with UV light irradiation represents a novel, sustainable, and safe approach to pesticide reduction in produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Baig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
- * E-mail: , (UR); (MZ)
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: , (UR); (MZ)
| | | | - Fayyaz Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus, Multan Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Fahad A. Alharthi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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New Insights into the Degradation Path of Deltamethrin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133811. [PMID: 34206625 PMCID: PMC8270271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the insecticidal compounds indicated by the World Health Organization for mitigation of vector-borne diseases. Active deltamethrin (with chiral configuration α-S,1-R-cis) is one of the most effective pyrethroids characterized by low toxicity to humans, and it is currently tested as active ingredient for insecticidal paints. Nevertheless, several degradation processes can occur and affect the insecticidal efficacy in the complex paint matrix. In the present study, a detailed NMR analysis of deltamethrin stability has been carried out under stress conditions, mimicking a water-based insecticidal paint environment. Two novel by-products, having a diastereomeric relationship, were identified and their structure was elucidated by combining NMR, HPLC, GC-MS, and ESI-MS analyses. These compounds are the result from a nucleophilic addition involving deltamethrin and one of its major degradation products, 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Given the known toxicity of the aldehyde, this reaction could represent a way to reduce its concentration into the matrix. On the other hand, the toxicology of these compounds towards humans should be addressed, as their presence may adversely affect the performance of deltamethrin-containing products.
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Ramasubramanian T, Paramasivam M. Bifenthrin in the tropical sugarcane ecosystem: persistence and environmental risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3524-3532. [PMID: 32918694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Termites are one of the major pests of sugarcane. Bifenthrin has label claim for use against sugarcane termites and is applied at the time of planting over the cane setts in the furrows. A thorough knowledge on the dissipation kinetics of bifenthrin in the soil and cane setts provides an insight into its dynamic behavior in the soil-plant-environment continuum, and hence, was studied in detail. The recoveries of the method adopted to determine the residues of bifenthrin in the soil, sugarcane setts, stem, and leaf were in the range of 92.78-98.19% at three levels of fortification ranged between 0.01 and 0.1 μg/g of matrix. At the recommended dose (100 g a.i./ha), bifenthrin was found to persist in the soil and cane setts up to 60 and 75 days after treatment (DAT) with the half-lives of 16.4 and 25.0 days, respectively. The dissipation kinetics of bifenthrin followed the biphasic model. At double the recommended dose, the residues persisted up to 75 DAT and reached below the detectable limit (< 0.01 μg/g) on 90 DAT both in the soil and setts. The half-life of bifenthrin was 22.0 days in the sandy clay loam soil and 17.6 days in/on the sugarcane setts. In the present study, dissipation by photolysis has been ruled out, as the treated setts were not exposed to sunlight. This could be one of the reasons for longer persistence of bifenthrin in the sugarcane setts up to 75 DAT with the half-life of more than 2 weeks. The bifenthrin residues were not detected in the leaf and stem of sugarcane plant throughout the experimental period. There could be harmful effects to earthworms (risk quotient > 1.0) due to the presence of bifenthrin residues in the soil of tropical sugarcane ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalaiandi Ramasubramanian
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India.
| | - Mariappan Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
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Zhu Q, Yang Y, Lao Z, Zhong Y, Zhang K, Zhao S. Photodegradation kinetics, mechanism and aquatic toxicity of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142106. [PMID: 33370902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical methods attracted much research interests for their high-efficiency and low secondary pollution. Decomposition of synthetic pyrethroids, the fourth major group of insecticides in use worldwide, was also of great significance due to their possible environmental risks. The photodegradation of deltamethrin, permethrin and dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids in methanol/acetone = 9/1 (by volume) by a 400 W mercury lamp was examined. The t1/2 of tested pyrethroids was less than 25 min, except for cis-permethrin with a t1/2 of up to 50 min. The trans-isomer of permethrin and compound DCA-01 with a smaller t1/2 might be more susceptible to degradation than their cis-isomer. Besides, the photodegradation of pyrethroids was divided into twelve pathways including isomerization, ester hydrolysis, ester bond cleavage, CO bond cleavage, 3,3-dimethylacrylate formation, double bond break, C1-C3 bond cleavage in cyclopropyl, reductive dehalogenation, decarboxylation, nucleophilic reagents attack on lone pair electrons on oxygen atoms in the phenyl ether, cyano hydrolysis, and halogenated hydrocarbon hydrolysis. The ECOSAR program displayed that pyrethroids and most of their photodegradation products were toxic to fish, daphnid, green algae. Particularly, some photodegradation products were more harmful to aquatic organisms than their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Zhu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Lao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhong
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Health, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu Q, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Lao Z, O'Neill P, Hong D, Zhang K, Zhao S. Synthesis, insecticidal activity, resistance, photodegradation and toxicity of pyrethroids (A review). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126779. [PMID: 32957265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of highly effective, broad-spectrum, less toxic, biodegradable synthetic pesticides. However, despite the extremely wide application of pyrethroids, there are many problems, such as insecticide resistance, lethal/sub-lethal toxicity to mammals, aquatic organisms or other beneficial organisms. The objectives of this review were to cover the main structures, synthesis, steroisomers, mechanisms of action, anti-mosquito activities, resistance, photodegradation and toxicities of pyrethroids. That was to provide a reference for synthesizing or screening novel pyrethroids with low insecticide resistance and low toxicity to beneficial organisms, evaluating the environmental pollution of pyrethroids and its metabolites. Besides, pyrethroids are mainly used for the control of vectors such as insects, and the non-target organisms are mammals, aquatic organisms etc. While maintaining the insecticidal activity is important, its toxic effects on non-target organisms should be also considered. Pyrethroid resistance is present not only in insect mosquitoes but also in environmental microorganisms, which results in anti-pyrethroids resistance (APR) strains. Besides, photodegradation product dibenzofurans is harmful to mammals and environment. Additionally, pyrethroid metabolites may have higher hormonal interference than the parents. Particularly, delivery of pyrethroids in nanoform can reduce the discharge of more toxic substances (such as organic solvents, etc.) to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Zhu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Zhong
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiting Lao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Paul O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - David Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Health, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Kim HS, Lee SY, Hur SJ. Changes of various insecticides during in vitro human digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14207-14215. [PMID: 32043247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of in vitro human digestion on the concentrations of five insecticides, namely 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), bifenthrin, and fipronil. In vitro models included all the steps of human digestion, i.e., passage through the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (with enteric bacteria). The concentrations of DDT and fipronil did not change (P > 0.05) until small intestinal digestion, whereas those of DDD, DDE, and bifenthrin decreased (P < 0.05) at each digestion step. The concentrations of all the insecticides decreased (P < 0.05) during the large intestinal digestion step with enteric bacteria, Lactobacillus sakei and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the concentrations of all the tested insecticides decreased during all the steps of in vitro human digestion and were especially reduced by enteric bacteria during the large intestinal digestion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Sang Kim
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang-ro, Anseong-si, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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CASTRICINI A, OLIVEIRA ALSD, PINHO GPD, RODRIGUES MGV, SILVÉRIO FO. Pyrethroid insecticide residue in ‘Grande Naine’ banana peel and pulp during maturation. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.37117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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