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Ma X, Li N, Yang H, Li Y. Exploring the relationship between urbanization and water environment based on coupling analysis in Nanjing, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4654-4667. [PMID: 34410598 PMCID: PMC8374037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of water environment (WE) has constrained the sustainable development of cities, while the rapid urbanization also exacerbates water environment change. However, the complicated relationship between urbanization and WE is far from clearly understood. In this study, a comprehensive index system for urbanization and WE was applied along with the System Index Evaluation Model (SIEM) and a Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM) to analyze the coupling between urbanization and WE in Nanjing, East China, from 1990 to 2018. The comprehensive index of urbanization increased from 0.0392 in 1990 to 0.9890 in 2018, showing a clear increasing trend. Demographic and spatial urbanization made the largest contribution to urbanization development from 1990 to 2010, while economic urbanization became the largest contributor to urbanization development between 2011 and 2018. Under the combined effects of pressure, state, and response subsystems, the comprehensive WE index showed an upward trend with some fluctuations from 1990 to 2018. The degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and WE displayed an overall upward tendency, growing from 0.18 in 1990 to 0.95 in 2018. The coupling coordination state transitioned from a serious imbalance during the low coupling period (1990-1992) into the superior coordination of the highly coupled period (2011-2018). With the continuous urbanization in the future, in addition to ensuring the optimal management of surface water, protection of groundwater should be reinforced. The results advance our understanding of the dynamic relationship between urbanization and WE and provide important implications for urban planning and water resource protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China.
| | - Nimuzi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China
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Salvador RMV, Pim F, Júnior HAN, de Abreu AT, Pimentel EF, de Cerqueira LO, Junior PDF, Endringer DC. Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) as a bioindicator of heavy metal (aluminum and zinc) pollution in Vila Velha, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1210-1219. [PMID: 29082471 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is responsible for numerous environmental changes including pollution. Information on the susceptibility of reptiles to environmental contaminants is relatively scarce. Tropidurus torquatus represents a potential bioindicator of heavy metal pollution. Levels of heavy metals in tissues from T. torquatus depend on bioavailability and vary among different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metal concentration in liver and fat tissue of T. torquatus from three distinct populations in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The study areas included coastal rocky outcrops, dunes, and mountain rocky outcrops; each area had a different climate, vegetation, and level of anthropogenic influence. Fifty-one individuals were captured. Biometrics and sexes were determined, and stomach contents were identified. The tissue samples were digested with nitric acid and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) contents. The concentration of zinc in Tropidurus torquatus was higher in liver than in fat tissue (432 ± 1380 mg kg-1), and that of aluminum was higher in fat tissue (765 ± 1455 mg.kg-1). The animals' diet may be related to heavy metal contamination. The study suggests that T. torquatus could be used for soil biomonitoring with liver as a bioindicator for aluminum contamination and fat tissue as a bioindicator for zinc contamination. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza Menezes Venturim Salvador
- Ecosystem Ecologie Graduate Program, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pim
- Ecosystem Ecologie Graduate Program, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Hermínio Arias Nalini Júnior
- Ecosystem Ecologie Graduate Program, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Adriana Trópia de Abreu
- Department of Geology, Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Flavia Pimentel
- Department of Gemology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29.075-910, Brazil
| | - Lorena Oliveira de Cerqueira
- Department of Gemology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29.075-910, Brazil
| | - Paulo Dias Ferreira Junior
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, University Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n°21, 29102-920 - Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Denise Coutinho Endringer
- Department of Gemology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29.075-910, Brazil.
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