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Ding Y, Qin S, Huang H, Tang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen W, Nguyen LP, Qi S. Selected pesticidal POPs and metabolites in the soil of five Vietnamese cities: Sources, fate, and health risk implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123043. [PMID: 38036093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used in tropical regions. The fate processes and risks of these legacy contaminants in the tropics are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of three classes of widely used OCPs and their metabolites in surface and core soil from five cities across Vietnam with a prevalent tropical monsoon climate and a long history of OCP application. We aimed to elucidate migration potentials, degradation conditions, and transformation pathways and assess current health risks of these contaminants. Generally, the concentrations of OCPs and metabolites in the soil core were slightly lower than those in surface soil except for hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the sum of dicofol and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DBP), and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) were the most abundant compounds in both surface and core soils. A uniform distribution of HCHs (the sum of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH) at trace levels was found in almost all soils, serving as evidence of the lack of recent use of HCH pesticides. Higher concentrations of DDTs (the sum of DDT, DDD, and DDE) were observed in north-central Vietnamese soil, whereas appreciable concentrations of ENDs (the sum of α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate) were only found in southern Vietnamese soils. Empirical diagnostic ratios indicated residuals of DDTs were mainly from technical DDT rather than dicofol, whereas aged HCHs could be explained by the mixture of lindane and technical HCH. Both historical applications and recent input explain DDTs and ENDs in Vietnamese soil. Total organic carbon performs well in preventing vertical migration of more hydrophobic DDTs and ENDs. The dominant transformation pathway of DDT in surface soil followed p,p'-DDE→2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene or p,p'-DDMU→1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene or p,p'-DDNU→p,p'-DBP, whereas the amount of p,p'-DDMU converted from p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE is similar in soil core. Non-cancer risks of OCPs and metabolites in all soils and cancer risks of those chemicals in core soils were below the safety threshold, whereas a small proportion of surface soil exhibited potential cancer risk after considering the exposure pathway of vegetable intake. This study implied that organic matter in non-rainforest tropical deep soils still could hinder the leaching of hydrophobic organic contaminants as in subtropical and temperate soils. When lands with a history of OCP application are used for agricultural purposes, dietary-related risks need to be carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Shibin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Institute of Eco-Environment Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiushuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lan-Phuong Nguyen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
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Fu F, Sun Y, Yang D, Zhao L, Li X, Weng L, Li Y. Combined pollution and soil microbial effect of pesticides and microplastics in greenhouse soil of suburban Tianjin, Northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122898. [PMID: 37944885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Current-used pesticides (CUPs) and plastic films are essential materials used in greenhouse cultivation, which can lead to the residual accumulation of CUPs and microplastics (MPs) over time. The impact of CUPs and MPs on soil quality and food safety cannot be overlooked. However, the combined pollution resulting from CUPs and MPs in greenhouse soil remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a survey at 30 greenhouse sites in the Wuqing District of Tianjin, China, to investigate the pollution levels and characteristics of CUPs and MPs using QuEChERS combined with LC-MS/MS, and density extraction, 30% H2O2 digestion and micro-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the interactions among these two pollutants, soil physicochemical properties, and the bacterial community in the soil. CUPs were frequently detected in the examined soil samples; however, they posed no significant ecological risks due to their low levels. Furthermore, MPs, which predominantly comprised fragmented and fibrous polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) particles smaller than 1.0 mm, could potentially degrade into nanoplastics, which might subsequently enter the food chain and pose a serious threat to human health. We observed no substantial correlations between CUPs and MPs, except for a negative correlation between dimethomorph and film MPs. The soil pH and total organic carbon (TOC) exhibited interactions with both types of pollutants, whereas soil clay content (CC) only correlated with CUPs, and soil available nitrogen (AN) only correlated with MPs. The variability of soil bacterial communities among the 30 sampling sites was minimal, with the dominant genus being Bacillus. Soil pH, TOC, and CC collectively exerted a strong influence on the microbial community across all samples; however, the effects of CUPs and MPs on the soil microbial structure were marginal. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the environmental stress and ecological risks associated with the combined pollution of CUPs and MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Fu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Hesami Arani M, Kermani M, Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaafarzadeh N, Bagheri Arani S. Pesticides residues determination and probabilistic health risk assessment in the soil and cantaloupe by Monte Carlo simulation: A case study in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol, Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115229. [PMID: 37441953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cantaloupe is a popular agricultural product in the hot season of Iran. On the other hand, the frequent use of pesticides in cantaloupe fields is the most important threat to the health of farmers and consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to measure the concentration of diazinon (DZN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and malathion (MLT) in cantaloupe cultivated in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol (Iran) and to estimate the possible oral and dermal risk of these pesticides by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). 36 cantaloupe samples, 18 samples before, and 18 samples after the latent period were collected from different places of cantaloupe cultivation from April to May 2021. After measuring the pesticides using the QuEChERS approach, oral and dermal risk assessments were calculated.The mean and standard deviation of the concentrations of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in 18 cantaloupe samples, after the latent period, were (30.39 ± 13.85), (18.361 ± 1.8), and (21.97 ± 0.86) μg kg-1, respectively. Concentration of Malathion, diazinon, and Chlorpyrifos in the soil were 0.22, 0.25, and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively, and pesticide cumulative risk assessment in soil was obtained 0.011 for Malathion, 0.05 for diazinon and 0.03 for Chlorpyrifos. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) according to the cantaloupe consumption and dermal exposure in children and adults, was safe range. Although non-cancerous dermal and oral risk of cantaloupe is low, constant exposure can be harmful. Therefore, the findings of this study play an important role in increasing the understanding of the negative health consequences of pesticide contamination in cantaloupe for consumers, especially local residents, and can help by adopting remedial strategies to reduce environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami Arani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health System Research, Deputy of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Bagheri Arani
- Advanced studies of Art, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Li L, Liu S, Yin Y, Zheng G, Zhao C, Ma L, Shan Q, Dai X, Wei L, Lin J, Xie W. The toxicokinetics and risk assessment of pyrethroids pesticide in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) upon short-term water exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113751. [PMID: 35691199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids pesticides (PPs) are the widely adopted synthetic pesticides for agriculture and fishery. The frequent use of these pesticides leads to the accumulation of residues in the freshwater environments in China, subsequently affecting aquatic organisms and ecosystems. However, there are few reports on the toxicological and risk assessment of aquaculture aquatic products. In this study, the uptake, depuration kinetics and potential risk to human health and ecology of fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin were assessed using tilapia. The results indicated that four PPs were readily accumulated by tilapia. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of the PPs in plasma and muscle were between 71.3 and 2112.1 L/kg and 23.9-295.3 L/kg, respectively. The half-lives (t1/2) of muscle and plasma were 2.90-9.20 d and 2.57-8.15 d. The risks of PPs residues in the muscle of tilapia and exposed water were evaluated by hazard quotient (HQ) and risk quotient (RQ). Although PPs residues in tilapia had a low dietary risk to human health, the residues in the exposed water had a high ecological risk to fish, daphnia, and green algae. Therefore, assessing the PPs content in freshwater aquaculture and monitoring their dosages and frequencies are highly necessitated to avoid their adverse effect on the aquaculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Shugui Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Guangming Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiaoxin Dai
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Linting Wei
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risky Assessment for Aquatic Product, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380, China
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Exposure to Airborne Pesticides and Its Residue in Blood Serum of Paddy Farmers in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116806. [PMID: 35682390 PMCID: PMC9180057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pesticides manage pests and diseases in agriculture, but they harm the health of agricultural workers. Concentrations of thirteen pesticides were determined in personal air and blood serum of 85 paddy farmers and 85 non-farmers, thereafter associated with health symptoms. Method: Samples were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results: The median concentration of pesticides in personal air samples ranged from 10.69 to 188.49 ng/m3 for farmers and from 5.79 to 73.66 ng/m3 for non-farmers. The median concentration of pesticides in blood serum was from 58.27 to 210.12 ng/mL for farmers and 47.83 to 62.74 ng/mL for non-farmers. Concentration of eleven pesticides in personal air and twelve pesticides in blood serum were significantly higher in farmers than non-farmers (p < 0.05). All pesticides detected in personal air correlated significantly with concentration in the blood serum of farmers (p < 0.05). Health symptoms reported by farmers were dizziness (49.4%), nausea (47.1%), cough (35.3%), chest pain (30.6%), breathing difficulty (23.5%), sore throat (22.4%), vomiting (18.8%), phlegm (16.5%), and wheezing (15.3%). Concentration of pesticides in personal air, blood serum, and health symptoms were not significantly associated. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to pesticides significantly contaminates blood serum of farmers compared to non-farmers.
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Xie W, Zhao J, Zhu X, Chen S, Yang X. Pyrethroid bioaccumulation in wild fish linked to geographic distribution and feeding habit. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128470. [PMID: 35180516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pyrethroid insecticides in aquatic food webs has attracted increased research attention. Fish are key species in aquatic food webs, directly connecting invertebrates and human consumption. However, little is known about the bioaccumulation of pyrethroids in wild fish species. In this study, 19 species of wild fish were collected from 11 sites in the Pearl River, China, and the levels of seven pyrethroids in the fish were determined. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to estimate the means of pyrethroid concentrations, in which sample site and fish species were set as random effects. The concentrations of Σ7 pyrethroids in fish ranged from 4.99 to 50.82 ng/g. Permethrin and bifenthrin were present at the highest concentration (8.89 ± 1.47 ng/g) and frequency (100%) in fish muscle, respectively. The composition patterns of pyrethroids varied in fish organs. Fish species contributed a higher proportion of the variance than geographic distribution (28.6% vs. 26.4%). The pyrethroids in carnivorous fish (23.5 ± 2.9 ng/g) were significantly higher than in omnivorous (14.6 ± 1.9 ng/g) and phytophagous fish (16.0 ± 4.7 ng/g). To our knowledge, this is the first report examining the effect of feeding habits on pyrethroid bioaccumulation in wild fish. The results can provide evidence for the risk of pyrethroid pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Seafood Quality and Security Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Seafood Quality and Security Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xunan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Kang Y, Zhang R, Yu K, Han M, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang R, Liu F. First report of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in coral tissues and the surrounding air-seawater system from the South China Sea: Distribution, source, and environmental fate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131711. [PMID: 34340115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The levels, fate, and potential sources of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in coral tissues and the surrounding air-seawater system from the South China Sea (SCS) were elucidated for the first time. ∑22OCPs (total concentration of 22 OCPs) (16.1-223 pg L-1) was relatively higher in coastal seawater than in offshore seawater, which may be the widespread influence of coastal pollution inputs under the western boundary current. The atmospheric ∑22OCPs were predominantly distributed in the gas phase (48.0-2264 pg m-3) and were mainly influenced by continental air mass origins. The air-seawater exchange of selected OCPs showed that OCPs tended to migrate from the atmosphere to seawater. The distribution of ∑22OCPs in coral tissues (0.02-52.2 ng g-1 dw) was significantly correlated with that in air samples, suggesting that OCPs may have a migration pattern of atmosphere-ocean corals in the SCS. Corals exhibited higher bioaccumulation ability (Log BAFs: 2.42-7.41) for OCPs. Source analysis showed that the new application of technical Chlordanes (CHLs) was primarily responsible for the current levels of CHLs in the surrounding environment over the SCS, while historical residues were the primary sources of other OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Kang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Kermani M, Dowlati M, Gholami M, Sobhi HR, Azari A, Esrafili A, Yeganeh M, Ghaffari HR. A global systematic review, meta-analysis and health risk assessment on the quantity of Malathion, Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in Vegetables. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129382. [PMID: 33418228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that an increasing trend in the production and consumption of vegetables has led to a dramatic rise in the use of pesticides potentially threatening the health of consumers around the world. This systematic study along with meta-analysis has mainly centered on the evaluation of the quantity of three well-known pesticides namely, Malathion (MLT), Diazinon (DZN) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in vegetables. In this regard, a comprehensive literature search has been performed over the last decade (January 1, 2011 to June 21, 2020) within the scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Of 1239 articles identified through the database screening, 22 plus 37 data report were retained and included in the meta-analysis phase. Additionally, the probabilistic human health risks for the consumers due to the intake of CPF, DZN and MLT from eating vegetables were estimated by the Monte Carlo Simulated (MCS) method. According to the findings, the maximum quantities of MLT, DZN and CPF in the vegetables were observed in Pakistan (222 μg/kg, 95%CI = 214.94-229.08), Thailand (245.00, 95% CI = 235.2-254.8) and South Korea (440 μg/kg, 95% CI = 437.19-442.81), while the lowest concentration levels were reported in China (1.7 μg/kg, 95% CI = 1.56-1.84), Poland (0.57, 95% CI = 0.46-0.68) and Poland (5.78 μg/kg, 95% CI = 4.40-7.12), respectively. The results of the Egger's and the Begg's tests revealed that no bias with regard to the potential publication was observed. Finally, non-carcinogenic risk assessment results demonstrated that the exposure to the studied pesticides thorough vegetables consumption could not threaten the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Dowlati
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Azari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yeganeh
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaffari
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Deng F, Sun J, Dou R, Yu X, Wei Z, Yang C, Zeng X, Zhu L. Contamination of pyrethroids in agricultural soils from the Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139181. [PMID: 32417481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on contamination levels and spatial distributions of four common pyrethroids found in agricultural soils of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. Pyrethroids were detected in 241 soil samples (88.8% detection rate) with total concentrations ranging from <LOD to 53.5 ng/g dry weight. Mean concentrations of the four pyrethroids were measured in descending order as follows: fenpropathrin (4.92 ng/g) > cypermethrin (1.10 ng/g) > deltamethrin (0.89 ng/g) > cyhalothrin (0.20 ng/g). The highest concentration of fenpropathrin was recorded as 37.6 ng/g. The highest detection rate of 63.9% was found for cyhalothrin. A distinct pattern of spatial distribution was observed where high concentrations of pyrethroids were detected in sites around Taihu Lake. Potential sources of pyrethroids in agricultural soils from the YRD region include pyrethroids used for pest control and wastewater irrigation in the region. Redundancy and correlation analyses show that the soil TOC values have played a significant role in the behavior of pyrethroids in agricultural soils of the YRD region. Potential ecological risks of pyrethroids in agricultural soils of the YRD region are low. Cypermethrin and cyhalothrin showed potential toxic effects on the ecological conditions of agricultural soils in 4.6% and 2.9% of the sampling sites, respectively. Further studies should pay more attention to the potential human health risks posed by pyrethroids in agricultural soils for the protection of soil quality and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucai Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Rongni Dou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Zi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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10
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Dou R, Sun J, Deng F, Wang P, Zhou H, Wei Z, Chen M, He Z, Lai M, Ye T, Zhu L. Contamination of pyrethroids and atrazine in greenhouse and open-field agricultural soils in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134916. [PMID: 31726407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A national-scale survey was conducted to assess the levels and distribution of two extensively used pesticides (pyrethroids and atrazine) in greenhouse and open-field soils in 20 provinces across China. Concentrations between 1.30 and 113 ng/g and 0.51-85.4 ng/g for the total pyrethroids (PYs) and of LOD-137 ng/g and LOD-134 ng/g for atrazine were found in greenhouse and open-field soils, respectively. Higher contaminations were found in the greenhouse than in the open fields. The levels of total pyrethroids in 80% of the greenhouses and of atrazine in 60% of the greenhouses were significantly higher than those in the nearby open-field soils (p < 0.05), respectively. The contamination of PYs and atrazine was generally more serious in the northern provinces of China, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, and Hebei. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the contamination of PYs was significantly correlated with the soil total organic carbon (TOC) value in both greenhouse and open-field soils. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that PYs might have an impact on the microbial alpha diversity, while cyhalothrin and cypermethrin may be the key factors affecting the microbial community in the greenhouse and open-field soils. The soil samples containing pesticide residues showed distinct taxonomic and functional communities, where an increased diversity and abundance of microorganisms able to degrade pesticides was observed with high-level PYs contamination. These findings provide useful information for evaluating PYs and atrazine pollution and for contamination management in greenhouse agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongni Dou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Fucai Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Pingli Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Zi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Meiqin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Zhenxian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Menglan Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Tiancai Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Chang CC, Kuo-Dahab C, Chapman T, Mei Y. Anaerobic digestion, mixing, environmental fate, and transport. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1210-1222. [PMID: 31433526 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This section covers research published during the calendar year 2018 on mixing and transport processes. The review covers mixing of anaerobic digesters, mixing of heat transfer, and environmental fate and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chein-Chi Chang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
- Department of Engineering and Technical Services, DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Camilla Kuo-Dahab
- Brown and Caldwell, Andover, Massachusetts
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ying Mei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
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