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Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhuo H, Lin L, Li J, Fu S, Xue H, Wen H, Zhou X, Guo C, Wu G. Differential Toxicity Responses between Hepatopancreas and Gills in Litopenaeus vannamei under Chronic Ammonia-N Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3799. [PMID: 38136836 PMCID: PMC10741007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen is one of the main toxic substances in aquatic cultivation environments. Chronic exposure to excessive amounts of ammonia-N creates toxic consequences, retarding the growth of aquatic organisms. This study investigated the growth performance, morphological and physiological alterations, and transcriptome changes in the hepatopancreas and gills of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate (p > 0.05), whereas growth performance was reduced significantly in the treated groups compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Significant structural damage and vacuolation occurred in hepatopancreas and gill tissues in the treated groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Na+/K+-ATPase content were significantly increased by chronic ammonia-N exposure in the two tissue groups. In addition, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly altered in the hepatopancreas groups (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed in the gill groups (p > 0.05). There were 890 and 1572 differentially expressed genes identified in the hepatopancreas (treated versus control groups) and gills (treated versus control groups), respectively, of L. vannamei under chronic ammonia-N exposure. Functional enrichment analysis revealed associations with oxidative stress, protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and different serine proteases. The gills maintained cellular homeostasis mainly through high expression of cytoskeleton and transcription genes, whereas the hepatopancreas down-regulated related genes in the ribosome, proteasome, and spliceosome pathways. These genes and pathways are important in the biosynthesis and transformation of living organisms. In addition, both tissues maintained organismal growth primarily through lipid metabolism, which may serve as an effective strategy for ammonia-N resistance in L. vannamei. These results provided a new perspective in understanding the mechanisms of ammonia-N resistance in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongbiao Zhuo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lanting Lin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuo Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Haiqiong Xue
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Haimin Wen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Xiaoxun Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chaoan Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangbo Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Rath S, Bal A, Paital B. Heavy metal and organic load in Haripur creek of Gopalpur along the Bay of Bengal, east coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28275-28288. [PMID: 33534104 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals in zooplanktons is used as an essential tool for the evaluation of health of an ecosystem. Such data are used to set further monitoring strategies especially in (coastal) water bodies. In the present study, seasonal bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg, organic loads such as nitrite and phosphate, contents loads and physicochemical parameters in Haripur creek along the Bay of Bengal in east coast of India is measured in zooplanktons. Coastal organisms are considered an integral part of marine ecosystems and their frequent massive die-off events along the coast of the Bay of Bengal are correlated with the obtained pollutant data. The levels of heavy metals were also correlated with several extrinsic environmental factors such as water transparency, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH and temperature. Discriminant function analyses and standardised coefficients for canonical variables for the obtained data indicate that the studied environmental factors and organic loads varied as a function of season. Bioaccumulation of the studied heavy metals in zooplanktons was seasonal and infrequently noticed above the standard limit. The computed bioaccumulation factor of the five metals showed that accumulation of Zn was higher in zooplanktons as compared to that of the other studied metals. So, the entry of heavy metals through the food chains or via direct exposure (to organic loads also) to the other inhabiting organisms including fish may be assumed. This could be one of the possible reasons for the observed frequent (fish) die-off events at Gopalpur Coast along the Bay of Bengal and may be considered a clue for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Rath
- Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Abhipsa Bal
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
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