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Mello LC, Costa AB, de Moraes ASB, Lima ADF, Santos RP, Silva VAD, Abessa DMS, Cavalcante RM. Assessment of cancer and dietary risks in commercially valuable marine organisms in coast of a region of future exploration (Equatorial South Atlantic). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:121991. [PMID: 39094409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The Equatorial South Atlantic region, spanning over 1700 km, is currently undergoing extensive exploitation through various activities such as oil extraction, desalination plants, marine mineral explorations, and wind power for green hydrogen production. This undoubtedly also contributes to the exacerbation of pre-existing chronic environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate the concentrations of 60 substances, categorized as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) from various classes including: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), as well as Pyrethroids (PPs), Triazines (TPs) and Organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in consumable fish, shellfish, and crabs. The bivalve (Mytella charruana), crab (Ucides cordatus), and catfish (Sciades herzbergii) samples were collected in areas of ecological, environmental and economic importance. This data was used to estimate concentrations in the organisms, and to calculate cancer and human health risk. The most prevalent pollutant classes in the organisms were OCPs, followed by TPs and PPs. Shellfish and fish samples had more compounds indicating health risks, when compared to crabs. The substances causing cancer risks varied across organisms and study areas. The heightened cancer risks linked to specific compounds in various species highlight the urgent need to address persistent pollutants to prevent long-term health impacts on both humans and wildlife. Compounds such as PPs, TPs, and OPPs pose significant risks of neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. This study underscores the interconnectedness of environmental and human health in coastal ecosystems, calling for continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies to protect these fragile environments and the communities that rely on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza C Mello
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; UNESP, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, IB-CLP, São Vicente, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana B Costa
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Chemical Program, Chemistry Department -Federal University of Ceará UFC (PPGQ/DQ/UFC), Brazil
| | - Alessandra S B de Moraes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Chemical Program, Chemistry Department -Federal University of Ceará UFC (PPGQ/DQ/UFC), Brazil
| | - Antonia D F Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil
| | - Rafael P Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil
| | - Viviane A da Silva
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; UNESP, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, IB-CLP, São Vicente, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil; Chemical Program, Chemistry Department -Federal University of Ceará UFC (PPGQ/DQ/UFC), Brazil.
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Iwegbue CMA, Afolabi OL, Ogwu IF, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Safety evaluation of organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in imported canned fish in Nigeria. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114676. [PMID: 38641043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were measured in thirty popular brands of imported canned fish (mackerel, sardines, and tuna) in Nigeria to ascertain potential threats to humans arising from their consumption. The Σ20 OCP concentrations in mackerel ranged from 0.47 to 7.36 ng g-1, while those of tuna and sardines varied from 1.06 to 2.19 and 0.11 to 12.7 ng g-1, respectively. The Σ39 PBDE concentrations in mackerel varied from 0.06 to 4.21 ng g-1, while those of tuna and sardines ranged from 0.19 to 3.18 and 0.04 to 8.26 ng g-1, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of OCPs and PBDEs from ingestion of the canned fish by adults and children were in the magnitude of 0.03 to 17.6 ng kg-1 bw day-1 and 9.9 × 10-3 to 11.5 ng kg-1 bw day-1 respectively. The hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) values for OCPs and PBDEs from ingestion of the canned fish were less than 1 and 10-6, respectively. The dietary intakes of OCPs and PBDEs from these brands of canned fish by adults and children result in no adverse non-cancer and cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obehi L Afolabi
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma F Ogwu
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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