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Jiang Y, Liu C, Wen C, Long Y. Study of summer microclimate and PM 2.5 concentration in campus plant communities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3311. [PMID: 38332000 PMCID: PMC10853255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the influencing effect of meteorological factors and air pollutants in the campus plot and the relationship between them is an important topic in the planning and design of campus green space. The changes of pollutant concentrations and meteorological factors in campus green space have certain patterns and specific influencing factors. In this study, we selected four sample plots in Nanjing Forestry University as the research objects, and collected various environmental parameters of the four plots on July 25, 2022. The results showed that the main influences of meteorological factors are the type of the underlying surface of the site, the degree of plant canopy density and the shade coverage area of the building. These factors mainly have a great influence on the value of temperature and humidity. The comprehensive influencing factors can be concluded that the cooling and humidifying effect of the site is ranked as follows: forest > lawn > asphalt road > concrete Square. The main influencing factors of pollutants are: illumination, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. Among them, illumination and temperature have a negative correlation with PM2.5, wind speed and relative humidity have a positive correlation with PM2.5. Our research shows that the adjustment of campus green space factors can reduce the concentration of pollutants by changing the meteorological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Congzhe Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Wen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Long
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Cao R, Li B, Cai M, Peng ZR, Zhang G, Lu Q, He HD, Zhang J, Shi K, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hu X. Characterizing nighttime vertical profiles of atmospheric particulate matter and ozone in a megacity of south China using unmanned aerial vehicle measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116854. [PMID: 37562735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Daytime atmospheric pollution has received wide attention, while the vertical structures of atmospheric pollutants at night play a crucial role in the photochemical process on the following day, which is still less reported. Focusing on Guangzhou, a megacity of South China, we established an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with micro detectors to collect consecutive high-resolution samples of fine particle (PM2.5), submicron particle (PM1.0), black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) concentrations in the atmosphere, as well as the air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) within a 500 m altitude during nighttime from Oct. 24th to Nov. 6th, 2018. The measurements showed that PM2.5, PM1.0, and BC decreased with altitude and were influenced by the nighttime shallow planetary boundary layer (PBL) where BC was more accumulated and fluctuated. In contrast, O3 was positively correlated with altitude. Backward trajectory clustering and Pasquill stability classification showed that advection and convection significantly influenced the vertical distribution of all pollutants, particularly particulate matter. External air masses carrying high concentrations of pollutants increased PM1.0 and PM2.5 levels by 145% and 455%, respectively, compared to unaffected periods. The ratio of BC to PM2.5 indicated that local emissions had a minor role in nighttime particulate matter. Vertical transport caused by atmospheric instability reduced the differences in pollutant concentrations at various heights. Geodetector and generalized additive model showed that RH and BC accumulation in the PBL were significant factors influencing vertical changes of the secondary aerosol intensity as indicated by the ratio of PM1.0 to PM2.5. The joint explanation of RH and atmospheric stability with other variables such as BC is essential to understand the generation of secondary aerosols. These findings provide insights into regional and local measures to prevent and control night-time particulate matter pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Wang
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Ruhui Cao
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Bai Li
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming Cai
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Ren Peng
- iAdapt: International Center for Adaptation Planning and Design, College of Design, Construction and Planning, University of Florida, PO Box 115706, Gainesville, FL, 32611-5706, USA; Healthy Building Research Center, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qingchang Lu
- Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, School of Electronic and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Hong-di He
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinpu Zhang
- Guangzhou Sub-branch of Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xisheng Hu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Supporting Design to Develop Rural Revitalization through Investigating Village Microclimate Environments: A Case Study of Typical Villages in Northwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148310. [PMID: 35886160 PMCID: PMC9315570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
China has the largest number of villages in the world, and research on rural microclimate will contribute to global climate knowledge. A three-by-three grid method was developed to explore village microclimates through field measurement and ENVI-met simulation. A regression model was used to explore the mechanistic relationship between microclimate and spatial morphology, and predicted mean vote (PMV) was selected to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The results showed that ENVI-met was able to evaluate village microclimate, as Pearson’s correlation coefficient was greater than 0.8 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was from 2.16% to 3.79%. Moreover, the air temperature of west–east road was slightly higher than that of south–north, especially in the morning. The height-to-width ratio (H/W) was the most significant factor to affect air temperature compared to percentage of building coverage (PBC) and wind speed. In addition, H/W and air temperature had a relatively strong negative correlation when H/W was between 0.52 and 0.93. PMV indicated that the downwind edge area of prevailing wind in villages was relatively comfortable. This study provides data support and a reference for optimizing village land use, mediating the living environment, and promoting rural revitalization.
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Compositions, Sources, and Aging Processes of Aerosol Particles during Winter Hazes in an Inland Megacity of NW China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest inland megacities in Northwest (NW) China, Xi’an has been facing serious regional haze frequently, especially during winter. The composition of aerosols in Xi’an is highly complex due to its unique basinal topography and unique meteorological conditions. In this study, we characterized the morphology, size, and composition of individual aerosol particles collected during regional haze events at an urban site in Xi’an using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX). Six types of particles were identified based on their morphology and chemical composition, including organic (41.88%), sulfate (32.36%), soot (8.33%), mineral (7.91%), K-rich (5.13%), and fly ash particles (4.49%). These results demonstrate that the organic particles made a larger contribution to haze formation than the secondary inorganic particles during the sampling period. Size distribution and dominance suggest that organic and sulfate particles exert major control on the variation trends of particle size in haze. The coating thickness of organic-cored particles was about 369 nm and that of sulfate-cored particles was about 322 nm, implying that the organic particles were more aged than the sulfate particles. The results presented in this study provide further insights into understanding haze particle formation.
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