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Šulc L, Figueiredo D, Huss A, Kalina J, Gregor P, Janoš T, Šenk P, Dalecká A, Andrýsková L, Kodeš V, Čupr P. Current-use pesticide exposure pathways in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108297. [PMID: 37939438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to characterise exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and tebuconazole through multiple pathways in 110 parent-child pairs participating in the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn study. METHODS First, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of pesticides based on measured urinary metabolites. Second, we compared EDI with estimated pesticide intake from food. We used multiple linear regression to identify the main predictors of urinary pesticide concentrations. We also assessed the relationship between urinary pesticide concentrations and organic and non-organic food consumption while controlling for a range of factors. Finally, we employed a model to estimate inhalation and dermal exposure due to spray drift and volatilization after assuming pesticide application in crop fields. RESULTS EDI was often higher in children in comparison to adults, especially in the winter season. A comparison of food intake estimates and EDI suggested diet as a critical pathway of tebuconazole exposure, less so in the case of organophosphates. Regression models showed that consumption per g of peaches/apricots was associated with an increase of 0.37% CI [0.23% to 0.51%] in urinary tebuconazole metabolite concentrations. Consumption of white bread was associated with an increase of 0.21% CI [0.08% to 0.35%], and consumption of organic strawberries was inversely associated (-61.52% CI [-79.34% to -28.32%]), with urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations. Inhalation and dermal exposure seemed to represent a relatively small contribution to pesticide exposure as compared to dietary intake. CONCLUSION In our study population, findings indicate diet plays a significant role in exposure to the analysed pesticides. We found an influence of potential exposure due to spray drift and volatilization among the subpopulation residing near presumably sprayed crop fields to be minimal in comparison. However, the lack of data indicating actual spraying occurred during the critical 24-hour period prior to urine sample collection could be a significant contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Heo YJ, Kwak SY, Sarker A, Lee SH, Choi JW, Oh JE, Abdulkareem L, Kim JE. Uptake and translocation of fungicide picarbutrazox in greenhouse cabbage: the significance of translocation factors and home processing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40919-40930. [PMID: 36626053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the uptake and translocation of the fungicide picarbutrazox (PBZ) and its isomer in greenhouse cabbage. Two distinct treatments, including foliar spray and soil application of PBZ, were used in this study. In the foliar application, the fungicide was sprayed thrice at intervals of 7 days from 30, 21, and 14 days before harvest following the OECD guidelines of fungicides in crops, whereas in soil treatment, PBZ was applied for one time at concentrations of 2 and 10 mg/kg, and cabbage was cultivated for 68 days. Additionally, the role of root and translocation factors during residual fungicide distribution was demonstrated. The quality control of the analytical study exhibited excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), the limit of quantification (LOQ 0.005 mg/kg), accuracy (recovery within the range of 70-120%), and precision (relative coefficient within 0.3-13.8%) for studied PBZ and its metabolites. In the foliar application, initially higher amount of residual PBZ was evident in the outermost leaf of the cabbage, whereas in soil treatment, the highest residual PBZ was observed in the soil and roots. Therefore, the application method of picarbutrazox is a critical factor for defining the initial entry route of pesticides and the subsequent translocations through the investigated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Heo
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Kwak
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-Do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeob Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawal Abdulkareem
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Balkan T, Yılmaz Ö. Method validation, residue and risk assessment of 260 pesticides in some leafy vegetables using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 384:132516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Notifications on Pesticide Residues in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148525. [PMID: 35886374 PMCID: PMC9324178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used to protect plants against various pests and to preserve crops, but their residues can be harmful for human health. They are the third most widely reported hazard category in the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The purpose of the study was to identify the most frequently notified pesticides in the RASFF in 1981–2020, considering: year, notification type, product category, origin country, notifying country, notification basis, distribution status and action taken. The data from the RASFF database was processed using: filtering, transposition, pivot tables and then subjected to cluster analysis: joining (tree clustering) and two-way joining methods. Pesticides were most commonly reported in fruits and vegetables and herbs and spices following border controls and rejections. The products usually came from India or Turkey and were not placed on the market or were not distributed and then destroyed. The effectiveness of the European Union border posts in terms of hazards detection and mutual information is important from the point of view of protecting the internal market and ensuring public health. It is also necessary to increase the awareness of pesticide users through training and the activity of control authorities in the use of pesticides.
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Yıldırım İ, Çiftçi U. Monitoring of pesticide residues in peppers from Çanakkale (Turkey) public market using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS detection. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:570. [PMID: 35796789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Residue analyses were conducted for 283 pesticide active ingredients on pepper samples collected from the local markets (between April and November) of Çanakkale province of Turkey by using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS devices. In present pepper samples, 35 different pesticide residues were detected. About 25.0% (27 samples) of present samples had single residue and 43.5% (47 samples) had multiple residues. Of the detected pesticides, acetamiprid, triadimenol, imidacloprid, boscalid, pirimiphos-methyl, tebuconazole, and metalaxyl were the most common ones, while carbendazim/benomyl, fenpropathrin, and thiram were the banned ones. Moreover, 24 of the pesticide residues detected were above the MRL values, 19 pesticides were in the "moderately hazardous (II)," and two pesticides were in the "extremely hazardous (Ib)" class (WHO). Present findings revealed that consumer health may be in danger despite all legal measures by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Turkey, thus greater emphasis should be put on monitoring of pesticide use and residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Yıldırım
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Çal Vocational College, Pamukkale University, 20000, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Çiftçi
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Çanakkale Food Control Laboratory Directorate, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Duman A, Tiryaki O. Determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and tebuconazole residues in Sultana seedless grapes sprayed with pesticides under farmer's conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:325-332. [PMID: 35293832 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate pesticide residues on Sultana Seedless Grapes harvested at different times and consequently evaluate the risk. Analyses were performed with the Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS)-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. Pesticide-free grapes were spiked at 3 levels. Chlorpyrifos-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and tebuconazole detection limits were 20, 10 and 1 µg kg-1, respectively. These values were below maximum residue levels (MRL) of 1000, 80 and 500 µg kg-1, respectively. The overall recovery of the method was 108.60%. Present values were within acceptable recovery (60-140%) and repeatability (≤20%) ranges set by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE). The vineyards were sprayed 4 times. Grapes were harvested in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days from the last spray. The residues in the samples taken from 5 vine stock groups were determined. MRL-exceeding chlorpyrifos-methyl residue of 1140.09 µg kg-1 was detected in the 1st day. The MRL-exceeding lambda-cyhalothrin (381.15 and 307.39 µg kg-1) and tebuconazole residues (650.58 and 570.85 µg kg-1) were detected in the 1st and 3rd days, respectively. The residues of 7th and 14th day samples were significantly different from the others. Excessive pesticide concentrations did not pose any health risks on consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Duman
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Graduate Studies, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Osman Tiryaki
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Munekata PES, Yilmaz B, Pateiro M, Kumar M, Domínguez R, Shariati MA, Hano C, Lorenzo JM. Valorization of by-products from Prunus genus fruit processing: Opportunities and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7795-7810. [PMID: 35285755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food processing, especially the juice industry, is an important sector that generate million tons of residues every. Due to the increasing concern about waste generation and the interest in its valorization, the reutilization of by-products generated from the processing of popular fruits of the Prunus genus (rich in high-added value compounds) has gained the spotlight in the food area. This review aims to provide an overview of the high added-value compounds found in the residues of Prunus fruits (peach, nectarine, donut peach, plum, cherry, and apricot) processing and applications in the food science area. Collective (pomace) and individual (kernels, peels, and leaves) residues from Prunus fruits processing contains polyphenols (especially flavonoids and anthocyanins), lipophilic compounds (such as unsaturated fatty acids, carotenes, tocopherols, sterols, and squalene), proteins (bioactive peptides and essential amino acids) that are wasted. Applications are increasingly expanding from the flour from the kernels to encapsulated bioactive compounds, active films, and ingredients with technological relevance for the quality of bread, cookies, ice cream, clean label meat products and extruded foods. Advances to increasing safety has also been reported against anti-nutritional (amygdalin) and toxic compounds (aflatoxin and pesticides) due to advances in emerging processing technologies and strategic use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, Chartres, France
- Le Studium Institue for Advanced Studies, Orleans, France
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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