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Yuan Y, Wu Y, Zhao H, Ren J, Su W, Kou Y, Wang Q, Cheng J, Tong Z. Tropospheric formaldehyde levels infer ambient formaldehyde-induced brain diseases and global burden in China, 2013-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163553. [PMID: 37100142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although air pollutions cause human diseases, no epidemiological study has investigated the effect of exposure to air pollutants on brain diseases in the general population. Our objective was to examine the association between tropospheric airborne pollutants and human health risk and global burden, especially, attributable to indoor formaldehyde (FA) pollution in China. The data of tropospheric pollutants, such as: CO, NO, O3, PM2.5 or PM10, SO2, and FA in China, 2013-2019, which were derived from the database of satellite remote-sensing, were first calculated and then analyzed them according to satellite cloud pictures. The rate of prevalence, incidence, deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of the Chinese population was obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD 2010). A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between tropospheric FA concentrations and GBD indexes of human brain diseases, the numbers of fire plot, the average summer temperature, population density and car sales in China from 2013 to 2019. Our results showed that the levels of tropospheric FA could reflect the degree of indoor air FA pollution on a nationwide scale in China; in particular, only tropospheric FA exhibited a positive correlation with the rates of both prevalence and YLDs in brain diseases including: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain cancer, but not in Parkinson's disease and depression. In particular, the spatial-temporal changes in tropospheric FA levels were consistent with the geographical distribution of FA exposure-induced AD and brain cancer in both sex old adults with age (60-89). In addition, summer average temperature, car sales and population density were positively correlated with tropospheric FA levels in China, 2013-2019. Hence, mapping of tropospheric pollutants could be used for air quality monitoring and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Lishui Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Alberta Institute, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of neurology, the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical University, Wenzhou 325035. China
| | - Wenting Su
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yiduo Kou
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of neurology, the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical University, Wenzhou 325035. China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Alberta Institute, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Bhardwaj A, Haswani D, Yadav K, Sunder Raman R. PM 2.5 carbonaceous components and mineral dust at a COALESCE network site - Bhopal, India: Estimating site-specific optical characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163277. [PMID: 37028678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric PM2.5 thermal elemental carbon (EC), optical black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), and mineral dust (MD) were characterized during a field campaign at a regionally representative site (Bhopal, central India) all year-long during 2019. In this study, the optical characteristics of PM2.5 during 'EC-rich', 'OC-rich', and 'MD-rich' days were used in a three-component model to estimate site-specific Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and absorption coefficient (babs) of light-absorbing PM2.5 constituents. The AAE for 'EC-rich', 'OC-rich', and 'MD-rich' days were 1.1 ± 0.2, 2.7 ± 0.3, and 3.0 ± 0.9, respectively. The percentage contribution of calculated babs of EC, BrC, and MD to the total babs at 405 nm was dominated by EC during the entire study period (EC; 64 % ± 36 %, BrC: 30 % ± 5 %, MD: 10 % ± 1 %). Further, site-specific mass absorption cross-section (MAC) values were calculated to assess the impact of their use over the use of manufacturer-specified MAC values in estimating BC concentrations. The r2 between thermal EC and optical BC was higher (r2 = 0.67, slope = 1.1) when daily site-specific MAC values were used rather than using the default MAC value (16.6 m2 g-1; r2 = 0.54 and slope = 0.6). Overall, had the default MAC880 been used instead of the site-specific values, we would have underestimated the BC concentration by 39 % ± 18 % during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Bhardwaj
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal by-pass road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Diksha Haswani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal by-pass road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kajal Yadav
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal by-pass road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramya Sunder Raman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal by-pass road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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