Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in road dust at two industrial parks in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

Determination of priority control factors for risk management of heavy metal(loid)s in park dust in Mianyang City

In order to determine the priority control elements and sources of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) pollution in park dust, this study collected dust samples from 25 parks in the urban area of Mianyang City and measured the contents of 10 HMs. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the probabilistic pollution levels and ecological-health risks of HMs were assessed. We found that the average contents of Zn, Co, Pb, and Cr were much higher than their background values in local soil and were influenced by artificial activities. The pollution assessment found that 5 parks were moderately polluted. The comprehensive pollution of HMs in the dust was mainly caused by Zn and Cr, and industrial source was the main contributor to Zn and Cr pollution. The contribution of As, Co, and Pb to the comprehensive ecological risk was high, accounting for 54.6%. Co, Pb, and As were the priority control HMs of ecological risk, while mixed source and industrial source were the priority control sources. HMs presented potential carcinogenic health risks to both children and adults. The non-carcinogenic risk to adults was within safety level, while some parks showed non-carcinogenic risk to children, which should be paid attention to. The source-specific health risk assessment showed that Cr and As were the priority control HMs for human health, while mixed source and industrial source were the priority control sources.

Assessment of sources and health risks of heavy metals in metropolitan household dust among preschool children: The LEAPP-HIT study

The most common construction material used in Taiwan is concrete, potentially contaminated by geologic heavy metals (HMs). Younger children spend much time indoors, increasing HM exposure risks from household dust owing to their behaviors. We evaluated arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations in fingernails among 280 preschoolers between 2017 and 2023. We also analyzed HM concentrations, including As, Cd, Pb, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), in 90 household dust and 50 road dust samples from a residential area where children lived between 2019 and 2021 to deepen the understanding of sources and health risks of exposure to HMs from household dust. The average As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in fingernails were 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.05 ± 0.05, and 0.95 ± 0.77 μg/g, respectively. Soil parent materials, indoor construction activities, vehicle emissions, and mixed indoor combustion were the pollution sources of HMs in household dust. Higher Cr and Pb levels in household dust may pose non-carcinogenic risks to preschoolers. Addressing indoor construction and soil parent materials sources is vital for children's health. The finding of the present survey can be used for indoor environmental management to reduce the risks of HM exposure and avoid potential adverse health effects for younger children.