An integrated assessment to reconstruct the history of changes influenced by multiple anthropogenic activities (City of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil)

Concentrations, sources and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Parnaiba Delta basin, Northeast Brazil

The Parnaíba River is the main river in the Parnaíba Delta basin, the largest delta in the Americas. About 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and the environmental risk associated with the sediments was evaluated. The study found that PAHs levels ranged from 5.92 to 1521.17 ng g-1, which was classified as low to high pollution, and that there were multiple sources of pollution along the river, with pyrolytic sources predominating, mainly from urban activity such as trucking, although the influence of rural activity cannot be ruled out. PAHs correlated with black carbon and organic matter and showed high correlation with acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and ∑PAHs. The benzo(a)pyrene levels were classified as a risk to aquatic life because the threshold effect level and the probable effect level were exceeded. In addition, the sediments were classified as slightly contaminated with a benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent value of 108.43 ng g-1. Thus, the priority level PAH exhibited carcinogenic and mutagenic activity that posed a potential risk to human health.

Buffer zone-based trace elements indicating the impact of human activities on karst urban groundwater

The tanglesome allocation of landscape types at various spatial dimensions is an important component influencing the quality of groundwater environment in karst cities. Trace elements can be used as indicators of the extent of impact on groundwater which is an effective means of tracing groundwater contamination. In this study, we studied the influence of landscape patterns on trace elements in groundwater of typical karst cities in Southwest China (Guiyang City) on a multi-spatial scale by using multivariate statistical analysis. According to the sampling points, buffer zone scales with different radii (500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, and 4000 m) were established to quantify the land use model. There are suburban and urban differences in trace element content. The city center has higher levels of trace elements compared to suburban areas, especially Li, Ni, Tl, Cu, Sr, Co, As, and Mn. In addition, the outcomes of the multiple linear regression had shown that the size effect of the association from landscape pattern to trace elements varies with different indicators and parameters. The results of redundancy analysis showed an overall change in trace elements was better interpreted by the landscape pattern of the 1500 m-scale buffer. At the same time, at the 1500 m scale, Ni, Tl, Cu, Co, As, Cr, Sr, Li, and Mn were positively correlated with the urban landscape index (4LPI, 4LSI), influenced by urban anthropogenic activities, while Cd, Zn, and Pb were positively correlated with the cropland landscape index (1AI, 1LPI), influenced by agricultural activities. This study indicates that trace elements are a reliable indicator for tracing groundwater contamination. The buffer zone can reflect the extent of urban impacts on groundwater and provide a new and effective analytical tool for groundwater management.