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Kartal MT, Shahbaz M, Taşkın D, Kılıç Depren S, Ayhan F. How are energy transition and energy-related R&D investments effective in enabling decarbonization? Evidence from Nordic Countries by novel WLMC model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121664. [PMID: 38968880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Public interest in climate change-related problems has been developing with the contribution of the recent energy crisis. Accordingly, countries have been increasing their efforts to decarbonize economies. In this context, energy transition and energy-related research and development (R&D) investments can be important strategic tools to be helpful to countries in the decarbonization of economies. Among all, Nordic countries have come to the force because of their well-known position as green economies. Hence, this study examines Nordic countries to investigate the impact of energy transition, renewable energy R&D investments (RRD), energy efficiency R&D investments (EEF) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by performing wavelet local multiple correlation (WLMC) model and using data from 2000/1 to 2021/12. The outcomes reveal that (i) based on bi-variate cases, energy transition and RRD have a mixed impact on CO2 emissions in all countries across all frequencies; EEF has a declining impact on CO2 emissions in Norway (Sweden) at low and medium (very high) frequencies; (ii) according to four-variate cases, all variables have a combined increasing impact on CO2 emissions; (iii) RRD is the most influential dominant factor in all countries excluding Norway, where EEF is the pioneering one. Thus, the reach proves the varying impacts of energy transition, RRD, and EEF investments on CO2 emissions. In line with the outcomes of the novel WLMC model, various policy endeavors, such as focusing on displacement between sub-types of R&D investments, are argued to ensure the decarbonization of the economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tevfik Kartal
- Department of Finance and Banking, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin, Türkiye; Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Economics, College of Political Science and Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Economics and Management, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan; Clinic of Economics, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, Azerbaijan; GUST Center for Sustainable Development, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of International Trade and Finance, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; GUST Center for Sustainable Development, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait; Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dilvin Taşkın
- Department of International Trade and Finance, Yaşar University, İzmir, Türkiye; Economic Research Center (WCERC), Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Fatih Ayhan
- Department of Economics, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Balıkesir, Türkiye
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Kocoglu M, Nghiem XH, Barak D, Bruna K, Jahanger A. Can forests realize the carbon neutrality dream? Evidence from a global sample. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121827. [PMID: 39003904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The enlarge in economic activities and the urban population at the global level has brought about an increase in the demand for energy, food, and natural resources, as well as an exacerbation in global climate change concerns. In this respect, it is important to ensure the balance between global climate change and global economic activities. Therefore, a wide literature has emerged that searches for alternative solutions to improve climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The majority of existing studies emphasize the importance of renewable energy sources in environmental improvement efforts. Few studies highlight the importance of forestation in environmental improvement efforts, highlighting the non-linear effects of forestation. To fill this gap, this study uses panel data from 181 countries between 1990 and 2022 and evaluates the non-linear impact of economic growth, forest extent, energy efficiency, and urban growth on per capita CO2 emissions using a dynamic panel threshold and dynamic panel quantile threshold methods. Furthermore, we extend the model and conduct robustness tests examining the non-linear threshold effects of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on per capita CO2 emissions. Our findings provide pieces of evidence that forest extents are an alternative solution to renewable energy use and energy efficiency in environmental improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kocoglu
- Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Türkiye; Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Finance and Accounting, W. Churchill sq. 4, Prague, 3, 130 67, Czech Republic.
| | - Xuan-Hoa Nghiem
- International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Dogan Barak
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye.
| | - Karel Bruna
- Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague University of Economics and Business, W. Churchill sq. 4, 130 67 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Atif Jahanger
- International Business School, Hainan University, Haikou City, Hainan, 570228, China; Institute of Open Economy,Hainan University, Hainan province, Haikou 570228, China.
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Zhou Q, Wu J, Imran M, Nassani AA, Binsaeed RH, Zaman K. Examining the trade-offs in clean energy provision: Focusing on the relationship between technology transfer, renewable energy, industrial growth, and carbon footprint reduction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20271. [PMID: 37771537 PMCID: PMC10522954 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable energy mitigates climate change by reducing reliance on coal and oil for power generation, curbing global warming. It addresses environmental concerns and yields economic benefits-reduced fossil fuel dependence, financial inclusion, productive employment, and economic development. This research examines the impact of regional economic integration on environmental sustainability in 39 high-income European and Central Asian (ECA) nations from 2017 to 2021. Specifically, the study analyzes the influence of green energy demand, technological transfers, and trade openness on carbon emissions. The study employed various estimators, namely, a two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, quantile regression, and the cointegration panel approach. These estimators were utilized to capture different aspects and dynamics of the research variables. The study finds that regional green programs and trade agreements effectively reduce carbon emissions, while technological advances and industrial output tend to raise them. Granger causality analyses reveal that emissions-led regional development, technical innovation, and trade openness are interconnected factors, and the deployment of renewable energy contributes to carbon emissions. The inter-temporal analysis suggests that regional economic integration factors will likely impact carbon emissions in the following decade. These findings support neoclassical growth theory, new institutional economics, and ecological modernization theory. Developing renewable energy sources in the region can minimize energy price fluctuations, strengthen energy security, and align with the carbon neutrality agenda. This research emphasizes the need for sustainable energy strategies and regional cooperation to foster a greener and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Zhou
- Economics Management College, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan 528137, China
| | - Jianpeng Wu
- Economics Management College, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan 528137, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima H. Binsaeed
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan
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Khaliq A, Mamkhezri J. Asymmetrical analysis of economic complexity and economic freedom on environment in South Asia: A NARDL approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89049-89070. [PMID: 37450190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The environment has become a growing concern for many countries, as pollution and other environmental degradation can harm human health, economic growth, and overall well-being. This paper probes into the asymmetrical implications of economic complexity and freedom on ecological quality in four South Asian countries from 1995 to 2019. Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag methodology approach, our findings indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are intensified by economic freedom both in the long and short term, while negative and positive shocks to economic complexity increase CO2 emissions in the long term. However, a negative economic complexity shock increases CO2 emissions, whereas a positive shock has the opposite effect in the short run. Moreover, our results confirm the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. Furthermore, we find that renewable energy usage and the interaction of FDI and renewable energy usage can help reduce environmental damage in both the short and long run. The findings suggest that countries should focus on attracting foreign direct investment that promotes the use of renewable energy. Additionally, policies aimed at encouraging renewable energy use should be implemented. It is important to note that as economic freedom and complexity increase, there is a corresponding increase in CO2 emissions. Therefore, South Asian policy makers are advised to prioritize the reduction in fossil fuels, the promotion of energy-saving technologies and efficient production, and trade that encourages the transition of renewable energy sources to reduce CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, 1320 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| | - Jamal Mamkhezri
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, 1320 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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Khezri M, Mamkhezri J, Razzaghi S. Regional and spatial impacts of external and internal conflicts on ecological footprint: the case of Middle East and Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63631-63646. [PMID: 37055683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The economic and environmental structures of countries are greatly impacted by domestic and foreign conflicts. To promote sustainable development, it is crucial to understand the spatial impact of these conflicts on the ecological footprint of a region. With a focus on Middle Eastern and African countries, this paper investigates the impact of such conflicts on their environments, taking into consideration the unique spatial features of their ecological footprints. Using a spatial econometric model, the study assesses the contributions of ecological footprint determinants, particularly internal and external conflict indicators, across 46 Middle Eastern and African countries from 2001 to 2019. The results indicate that internal conflict can lead to increased pressure on natural resources and ecological systems in neighboring countries, while energy use and economic growth impose a significant ecological burden both domestically and abroad. While urbanization and resource rents were found to reduce the ecological footprint, trade openness was found to be nonsignificant. Conflicts such as war, foreign pressure, civil war, and civil disorder were found to have a significant negative impact on the environment, suggesting that reducing these conflicts would improve environmental circumstances. The findings highlight the need for conflict resolution measures to achieve a sustainable environment in the Middle Eastern and African regions and have implications for other countries facing similar issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khezri
- Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, UK
- Department of Bussiness and Management, School of Management and Economics, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr (UKH), Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Jamal Mamkhezri
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, 1320 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA.
| | - Somayeh Razzaghi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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