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Pampuch T, Anadon-Rosell A, Zacharias M, von Arx G, Wilmking M. Xylem Anatomical Variability in White Spruce at Treeline Is Largely Driven by Spatial Clustering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581378. [PMID: 33193527 PMCID: PMC7609655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ecological function of boreal forests is challenged by drastically changing climate conditions. Although an increasing number of studies are investigating how climate change is influencing growth and distribution of boreal tree species, there is a lack of studies examining the potential of these species to genetically adapt or phenotypically adjust. Here, we sampled clonally and non-clonally growing white spruce trees (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) to investigate spatial and genetic effects on tree ring width and on six xylem anatomical traits representing growth, water transport, mechanical support, and wood density. We compared different methods for estimating broad sense heritability (H2) of each trait and we evaluated the effects of spatial grouping and genetic grouping on the xylem anatomical traits with linear models. We found that the three different methods used to estimate H2 were quite robust, showing overall consistent patterns, while our analyses were unsuccessful at fully separating genetic from spatial effects. By evaluating the effect size, we found a significant effect of genetic grouping in latewood density and earlywood hydraulic diameter. However, evaluating model performances showed that spatial grouping was a better predictor than genetic grouping for variance in earlywood density, earlywood hydraulic diameter and growth. For cell wall thickness neither spatial nor genetic grouping was significant. Our findings imply that (1) the variance in the investigated xylem anatomical traits and growth is mainly influenced by spatial clustering (most probably caused by microhabitat conditions), which (2) makes it rather difficult to estimate the heritability of these traits in naturally grown trees in situ. Yet, (3) latewood density and earlywood hydraulic diameter qualified for further analysis on the genetic background of xylem traits and (4) cell wall thickness seems a useful trait to investigate large-scale climatic effects, decoupled from microclimatic, edaphic and genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Pampuch
- Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Dynamics Working Group, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alba Anadon-Rosell
- Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Dynamics Working Group, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Zacharias
- General and Special Botany Working Group, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Dynamics Working Group, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Holt R, Kwok A, Dorken ME. Increased spatial-genetic structure in a population of the clonal aquatic plant Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae) following disturbance. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:514-523. [PMID: 31827265 PMCID: PMC7028999 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial genetic structure (SGS) of plant populations is determined by the outcome of key ecological processes, including pollen and seed dispersal, the intensity of local resource competition among newly recruited plants, and patterns of mortality among established plants. Changes in the magnitude of SGS over time can provide insights into the operation of these processes. We measured SGS in a population of the clonal aquatic plant, Sagittaria latifolia that had been disturbed by flooding, both before and after the flood. Over the four-year interval between measurements, we found substantial changes in the magnitude of SGS. In the first measurement (pre-flood), SGS was weak, even over short distances. By contrast, there was substantial SGS in the second measurement (post-flood), particularly over short distances. This change in SGS was accompanied by near complete turnover in the genotypic composition of the population. The genotypic richness of the population (the number of unique clones scaled by the sample size) was halved over the four-year interval. The clonal subrange-the distances between shoots within clones-also shrank considerably, with more than 5% of shoots having clone-mates at distances >10 m before the flood, but fewer than 5% of shoots having clone-mates at distances beyond 2 m afterwards. Clonal turnover and the re-establishment of SGS in clonal populations are both expected following local extirpation and recruitment. These data reveal the genetic signatures of disturbance and a subsequent flush of seedling recruitment and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Holt
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Allison Kwok
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Marcel E Dorken
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada.
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Zeng YF, Zhang JG, Abuduhamiti B, Wang WT, Jia ZQ. Phylogeographic patterns of the desert poplar in Northwest China shaped by both geology and climatic oscillations. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:75. [PMID: 29801429 PMCID: PMC5970483 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of historical geology and climatic events on the evolution of plants around the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region have been at the center of debate for years. To identify the influence of the uplift of the Tianshan Mountains and/or climatic oscillations on the evolution of plants in arid northwest China, we investigated the phylogeography of the Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences and nuclear microsatellites, and estimated its historical distribution using Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM). Results We found that the Euphrates poplar differed from another desert poplar, P. pruinosa, in both nuclear and chloroplast DNA. The low clonal diversity in both populations reflected the low regeneration rate by seed/seedlings in many locations. Both cpDNA and nuclear markers demonstrated a clear divergence between the Euphrates poplar populations from northern and southern Xinjiang regions. The divergence time was estimated to be early Pleistocene based on cpDNA, and late Pleistocene using an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis based on microsatellites. Estimated gene flow was low between these two regions, and the limited gene flow occurred mainly via dispersal from eastern regions. ENM analysis supported a wider distribution of the Euphrates poplar at 3 Ma, but a more constricted distribution during both the glacial period and the interglacial period. Conclusions These results indicate that the deformation of the Tianshan Mountains has impeded gene flow of the Euphrates poplar populations from northern and southern Xinjiang, and the distribution constriction due to climatic oscillations further accelerated the divergence of populations from these regions. To protect the desert poplars, more effort is needed to encourage seed germination and seedling establishment, and to conserve endemic gene resources in the northern Xinjiang region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1194-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, NO. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, NO. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan road, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1 Dongxiaofu, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Bawerjan Abuduhamiti
- Forest Research Institute of the Altai Region, No. 93 Jiefang South Road, Altai, Xinjiang, 836500, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wang
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest University for Nationalities, No. 1 Northwest new village, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Jia
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100091, China
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Schnittler M, Nursafina A, Peterson A, Peterson J, Barnick C, Klahr A. Studies of life history of Gagea graeca (Liliaceae) based on morphological and molecular methods. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:40. [PMID: 28975526 PMCID: PMC5626670 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the life history of Gagea graeca (L.) A. Terracc. (sect. Anthericoides) by field surveys on the Greek island of Crete, including quantitative analyses of 405 individuals, estimation of resource allocation by measuring the nitrogen content of different plant organs, assessing seed set and recording genetic diversity via amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. In contrast to most species of the genus G. graeca seems to be a short-lived perennial, developing several characters that are rather typical for annual plants. RESULTS Although seed set varies largely, flowering plants produce many (68 ± 79) small, flattened seeds (mean weight 73 ± 22 µg) in comparison to a single bulbil. If measured as nitrogen content of the respective plant parts, investment in seeds (25%) is much higher than that in bulbils (4%). In addition, the threshold for flower formation (expressed as bulb size where 50% of the plants form the respective structure) is with 2.17 ± 0.05 mm lower than that for bulbils with 2.80 ± 0.16 mm. This is in accordance with AFLP analyses revealing predominantly sexual reproduction (only 9.1% of 110 investigated plants belonged to clones). CONCLUSION In the genus Gagea early, predominantly sexual reproduction seems to be characteristic for species from arid habitats, coupled with a low proportion of clonal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schnittler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Akmaral Nursafina
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 5 Munaytpassov Str, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Angela Peterson
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jens Peterson
- State Office for Environmental Protection of Saxony-Anhalt, Reideburger Str. 47, 06116 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Carl Barnick
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Klahr
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Pirog A, Gélin P, Bédier A, Bianchetti G, Georget S, Frouin P, Magalon H. Clonal structure through space and time: High stability in the holothurian Stichopus chloronotus (Echinodermata). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7534-7547. [PMID: 28944037 PMCID: PMC5606904 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are increasingly exploited for human consumption and for their curative properties, and many wild populations are now depleted or in danger of extinction. While aquaculture is seen as an alternative to fisheries and as a mean to restore wild populations, more knowledge is needed on their reproductive strategies to render this practice efficient, notably for fissiparous holothurians, which are some of the mobile animals able of asexual reproduction by transverse fission. Little information is available on their population genetic diversity and structure. Here, the clonal structure of populations of the fissiparous sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus has been investigated using nine microsatellite loci and a random sampling, at different spatial (intra‐reef and inter‐reef) and temporal (inter‐season and inter‐year) scales. Our findings highlight the importance of asexual reproduction in maintaining these populations, and the prevalence of the “initial seedling recruitment” strategy (ISR), leading to a high stability of clonal composition over seasons and years. It also seemed that clonal propagation was limited to the reef scale (<10 km) while reefs were connected by sexual dispersal. This is the first time that clonal structure in sea cucumbers has been studied at such a fine scale, with a specific sampling strategy. It provides key findings on the genetic diversity and structure of fissiparous sea cucumbers, which will be useful for the management of wild populations and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Pirog
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Pauline Gélin
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France.,Laboratory of Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
| | - Alexandre Bédier
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Grégoire Bianchetti
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Stéphane Georget
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Patrick Frouin
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France.,Laboratory of Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
| | - Hélène Magalon
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS) Saint Denis, La Réunion France.,Laboratory of Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
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James EA, McDougall KL. Spatial genetic structure reflects extensive clonality, low genotypic diversity and habitat fragmentation in Grevillea renwickiana (Proteaceae), a rare, sterile shrub from south-eastern Australia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:413-23. [PMID: 24737718 PMCID: PMC4111381 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of clonality, polyploidy and reduced fecundity has been identified as an extinction risk for clonal plants. Compromised sexual reproduction limits both their ability to adapt to new conditions and their capacity to disperse to more favourable environments. Grevillea renwickiana is a prostrate, putatively sterile shrub reliant on asexual reproduction. Dispersal is most likely limited by the rate of clonal expansion via rhizomes. The nine localized populations constituting this species provide an opportunity to examine the extent of clonality and spatial genotypic diversity to evaluate its evolutionary prospects. METHODS Ten microsatellite loci were used to compare genetic and genotypic diversity across all sites with more intensive sampling at four locations (n = 185). The spatial distribution of genotypes and chloroplast DNA haplotypes based on the trnQ-rps16 intergenic spacer region were compared. Chromosome counts provided a basis for examining genetic profiles inconsistent with diploidy. KEY RESULTS Microsatellite analysis identified 46 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in eight multilocus clonal lineages (MLLs). MLLs are not shared among sites, with two exceptions. Spatial autocorrelation was significant to 1·6 km. Genotypic richness ranged from 0 to 0·33. Somatic mutation is likely to contribute to minor variation between MLGs within clonal lineages. The eight chloroplast haplotypes identified were correlated with eight MLLs defined by ordination and generally restricted to single populations. Triploidy is the most likely reason for tri-allelic patterns. CONCLUSIONS Grevillea renwickiana comprises few genetic individuals. Sterility has most likely been induced by triploidy. Extensive lateral suckering in long-lived sterile clones facilitates the accumulation of somatic mutations, which contribute to the measured genetic diversity. Genetic conservation value may not be a function of population size. Despite facing evolutionary stagnation, sterile clonal species can play a vital role in mitigating ecological instability as floras respond to rapid environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A James
- Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keith L McDougall
- NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 733, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia Department of Environmental Management & Ecology, La Trobe University, PO Box 821, Wodonga, Victoria 3689, Australia
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Meek MH, Wintzer AP, Shepherd N, May B. Genetic diversity and reproductive mode in two non-native hydromedusae, Maeotias marginata and Moerisia sp., in the upper San Francisco Estuary, California. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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McKenzie-Gopsill A, Kirk H, Drunen WV, Freeland JR, Dorken ME. No evidence for niche segregation in a North American Cattail (Typha) species complex. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:952-61. [PMID: 22837840 PMCID: PMC3399161 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization can lead to a breakdown of species boundaries, and is of particular concern in cases in which one of the parental species is invasive. Cattails (Typha spp.) have increased their abundance in the Great Lakes region of North America over the past 150 years. This increase in the distribution of cattails is associated with hybridization between broad-leaved (Typha latifolia) and narrow-leaved cattails (T. angustifolia). The resulting hybrids occur predominantly as F(1)s, which are known as T. × glauca, although later-generation hybrids have also been documented. It has been proposed that in sympatric populations, the parental species and hybrids are often spatially segregated according to growth in contrasting water depths, and that this should promote the maintenance of parental species. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the two species and their hybrids segregate along a water-depth gradient at sites where they are sympatric. We identified the two parental species and their hybrids using molecular genetic markers (SSR), and measured shoot elevations (a proxy for water depth) at 18 sites in Southern Ontario, Canada. We found no evidence for niche segregation among species based on elevation. Our data indicate that all three lineages compete for similar habitat where they co-occur suggesting that there is potential for an overall loss of biodiversity in the species complex, particularly if the hybrid lineage is more vigorous compared to the parental species, as has been suggested by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McKenzie-Gopsill
- Department of Biology, Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
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Unterseher M, Petzold A, Schnittler M. Xerotolerant foliar endophytic fungi of Populus euphratica from the Tarim River basin, Central China are conspecific to endophytic ITS phylotypes of Populus tremula from temperate Europe. FUNGAL DIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-012-0167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Patsias K, Bruelheide H. Is the degree of clonality of forest herbs dependent on gap age? Using fingerprinting approaches to assess optimum successional stages for montane forest herbs. Ecol Evol 2012; 1:290-305. [PMID: 22393501 PMCID: PMC3287309 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular fingerprinting (amplified fragment length polymorphism [AFLP] method), we explored the potential of small-scale population analysis for understanding colonization patterns of herb layer species in forests after canopy disturbance. We investigated three common forest understorey species with different life forms (Trientalis europaea, Calamagrostis villosa, and Vaccinium myrtillus) in the Harz Mountains in Germany in three different gap age classes and undisturbed forest. For two of them (T. europaea and C. villosa), we analyzed clone sizes and clonal structure. We hypothesized that clone sizes depend on age since gap formation and are affected by light availability. Mean patch sizes of V. myrtillus, T. europaea, and C. villosa formed were 3.7 m2, 27.9 m2, and 40.6 m2, respectively. Trientalis europaea and C. villosa patches consisted mostly of more than one genet. Largest clone sizes of T. europaea were encountered in gaps of intermediate successional age (15–60 years, averaged minimum estimation of clone sizes: 6.56 m2) whereas clone size of C. villosa was found to be independent from gap age and had a mean minimum clone size of 0.49 m2. In both species, clone size was positively related to light availability. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between clone size and ramet density for T. europaea and C. villosa. Genetic variation was higher within populations of T. europaea and C. villosa than among populations. Trientalis europaea was the only species with a clear genetic isolation by distance, pointing at an equilibrium between gene flow and genetic drift. In conclusion, we showed that forest canopy gap dynamics clearly affect the small-scale structure of populations of understorey plants. Species with high lateral growth rates, such as T. europaea offer the possibility to serve as “ecological clock” for dating ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Patsias
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Microsatellite evidence for high clonality and limited genetic diversity in Ziziphus celata (Rhamnaceae), an endangered, self-incompatible shrub endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge, Florida, USA. CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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TAKAHASHI MIZUKIK, HORNER LIANAM, KUBOTA TOSHIRO, KELLER NATHANA, ABRAHAMSON WARRENG. Extensive clonal spread and extreme longevity in saw palmetto, a foundation clonal plant. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:3730-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Novel Genetic Diversity Through Somatic Mutations: Fuel for Adaptation of Reef Corals? DIVERSITY-BASEL 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/d3030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pfeiffer T, Roschanski AM, Pannell JR, Korbecka G, Schnittler M. Characterization of microsatellite loci and reliable genotyping in a polyploid plant, Mercurialis perennis (Euphorbiaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 102:479-88. [PMID: 21576288 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
For many applications in population genetics, codominant simple sequence repeats (SSRs) may have substantial advantages over dominant anonymous markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In high polyploids, however, allele dosage of SSRs cannot easily be determined and alleles are not easily attributable to potentially diploidized loci. Here, we argue that SSRs may nonetheless be better than AFLPs for polyploid taxa if they are analyzed as effectively dominant markers because they are more reliable and more precise. We describe the transfer of SSRs developed for diploid Mercurialis huetii to the clonal dioecious M. perennis. Primers were tested on a set of 54 male and female plants from natural decaploid populations. Eight of 65 tested loci produced polymorphic fragments. Binary profiles from 4 different scoring routines were used to define multilocus lineages (MLLs). Allowing for fragment differences within 1 MLL, all analyses revealed the same 14 MLLs without conflicting with merigenet, sex, or plot assignment. For semiautomatic scoring, a combination of as few as 2 of the 4 most polymorphic loci resulted in unambiguous discrimination of clones. Our study demonstrates that microsatellite fingerprinting of polyploid plants is a cost efficient and reliable alternative to AFLPs, not least because fewer loci are required than for diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Pfeiffer
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Grimmer Str. 88, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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