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Fanale D, Corsini LR, Brando C, Randazzo U, Bono M, Pedone E, Perez A, Sciacchitano R, Cancelliere D, Piraino P, Giurintano A, Bazan Russo TD, Ferraro P, Rinaldi G, Spinnato V, Gennusa V, Pernice G, Vieni S, Pantuso G, Russo A, Bazan V. BRCA-associated hereditary male cancers: can gender affect the prevalence and spectrum of germline pathogenic variants? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1414343. [PMID: 38974244 PMCID: PMC11224533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1414343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although hereditary male neoplasms are quite rare, individuals harbouring germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) may have a risk of developing tumours associated with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome, including male breast (MBC), prostate (PCa) and pancreatic (PC) cancers, and melanoma. Women and men showed a comparable genetic architecture of cancer susceptibility, but there are some gender-specific features. Since little is known about cancer genetic susceptibility in male population, our study was aimed at investigating the frequency of BRCA1/2 PVs in men with HBOC syndrome-associated tumors, in order to understand whether differences in gender may reflect in the prevalence and spectrum of germline alterations. Patients and methods We retrospectively collected and analysed clinical information of 352 HBOC-associated male cancer patients genetically tested for germline BRCA1/2 PVs by Next-Generation Sequencing analysis, enrolled, from February 2018 to January 2024, at the "Regional Center for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of rare and heredo-familial tumors of adults" of the University-Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone" of Palermo (Italy). Results Our investigation revealed that 7.4% of patients was carrier of a germline BRCA PV, with an almost total prevalence of BRCA2 alterations. In particular, 65.4% of BRCA-positive patients developed MBC, 19.2% had PC, 11.6% developed PCa, and only 3.8% had melanoma. Specifically, MBC individuals showed a BRCA-associated genetic predisposition in 17% of cases, whereas patients with PCa or PC exhibited a lower frequency of BRCA2 PVs, taking into account the current national criteria for access to germline genetic testing. Discussion Our study showed a high heterogeneity in prevalence of germline BRCA2 PVs among men which could reflect a potential gender-specific genetic heterogeneity. Therefore, BRCA-associated male tumours could be due to BRCA2 PVs different from those usually detected in women. In the event that it is demonstrated, in future, that male cancers are genetically distinct entities from those female this could improve personalized risk evaluation and guide therapeutic choices for patients of both sexes, in order to obtain a gender equality in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Rita Corsini
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Brando
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Randazzo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Bono
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Erika Pedone
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perez
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciacchitano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cancelliere
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Piraino
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Giurintano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Rinaldi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Spinnato
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gennusa
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Vieni
- Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianni Pantuso
- Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Dębniak T, Scott RJ, Górski B, Masojć B, Kram A, Maleszka R, Cybulski C, Paszkowska-Szczur K, Kashyap A, Murawa D, Malińska K, Kiedrowicz M, Rogoża-Janiszewska E, Rudnicka H, Deptuła J, Domagała P, Kluźniak W, Lener MR, Lubiński J. BRCA1/2 mutations are not a common cause of malignant melanoma in the Polish population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204768. [PMID: 30286154 PMCID: PMC6171837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of BRCA1/2 mutations with melanoma is not completely determined; the interpretation of variants of unknown significance is also problematic. To evaluate these issues we explored the molecular basis of melanoma risk by performing whole-exome sequencing on a cohort of 96 unrelated Polish early-onset melanoma patients and targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 genes on additional 30 melanoma patients with familial aggregation of breast and other cancers. Sequencing was performed on peripheral blood. We evaluated MutationTaster, Polyphen2, SIFT, PROVEAN algorithms, analyzed segregation with cancer disease (in both families with identified BRCA2 variants) and in one family performed LOH (based on 2 primary tumors). We found neither pathogenic mutations nor variants of unknown significance within BRCA1. We identified two BRCA2 variants of unknown significance: c.9334G>A and c.4534 C>T. Disease allele frequency was evaluated by genotyping of 1230 consecutive melanoma cases, 5000 breast cancer patients, 3500 prostate cancers and 9900 controls. Both variants were found to be absent among unselected cancer patients and healthy controls. The MutationTaster, Polyphen2 and SIFT algorithms indicate that c.9334G>A is a damaging variant. Due to lack of tumour tissue LOH analysis could not be performed for this variant. The variant segregated with the disease. The c.4534 C>T variant did not segregate with disease, there was no LOH of the variant. The c.9334G>A variant, classified as a rare variant of unknown significance, on current evidence may predisposes to cancers of the breast, prostate and melanoma. Functional studies to describe how the DNA change affects the protein function and a large multi-center study to evaluate its penetrance are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bohdan Górski
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Kram
- West Pomeranian Oncology Center, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paszkowska-Szczur
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dawid Murawa
- I Department of Oncological and General Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Malińska
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Emilia Rogoża-Janiszewska
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Deptuła
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin R. Lener
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Gumaste PV, Penn LA, Cymerman RM, Kirchhoff T, Polsky D, McLellan B. Skin cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1498-1506. [PMID: 25524463 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Women with BRCA1/2 mutations have an elevated risk of breast and ovarian cancer. These patients and their clinicians are often concerned about their risk for other cancers, including skin cancer. Research evaluating the association between BRCA1/2 mutations and skin cancer is limited and has produced inconsistent results. Herein, we review the current literature on the risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. No studies have shown a statistically significant risk of melanoma in BRCA1 families. BRCA2 mutations have been linked to melanoma in large breast and ovarian cancer families, though a statistically significant elevated risk was reported in only one study. Five additional studies have shown some association between BRCA2 mutations and melanoma, while four studies did not find any association. With respect to nonmelanoma skin cancers, studies have produced conflicting results. Given the current state of medical knowledge, there is insufficient evidence to warrant increased skin cancer surveillance of patients with a confirmed BRCA1/2 mutation or a family history of a BRCA1/2 mutation, in the absence of standard risk factors. Nonetheless, suspected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers should be counselled about skin cancer risks and may benefit from yearly full skin examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Gumaste
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - L A Penn
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - R M Cymerman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - T Kirchhoff
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - D Polsky
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - B McLellan
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
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Deng H, Liu J, Deng Y, Han G, Shellman YG, Robinson SE, Tentler JJ, Robinson WA, Norris DA, Wang XJ, Zhang Q. CtBP1 is expressed in melanoma and represses the transcription of p16INK4a and Brca1. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1294-301. [PMID: 23303449 PMCID: PMC3711675 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) has been shown to suppress the transcription of several tumor suppressors in vitro. Paradoxically, a previous report showed that CtBP1 mRNA was down-regulated in melanoma. Using immunostaining, we found that a large percentage of human melanomas were positive for CtBP1 protein. Further, we demonstrated that CtBP1 expression in melanoma cells contributes to cell proliferation and genome instability, two aspects promoting melanoma initiation and progression. Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1(Brca1), a core protein in DNA damage repair, was repressed by CtBP1 in melanoma cells. Consistently, Brca1 loss was found in human malignant melanoma tissues inversely correlated with CtBP1 expression levels. Additionally, the inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), p16INK4a, whose loss has been related to the pathogenesis of melanoma, was repressed by CtBP1 as well. Our findings suggest an important role of CtBP1 in the transcriptional control of p16INK4a and Brca1, with CtBP1 over-expression potentially contributing to increased proliferation and DNA damage in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Ward KA, Lazovich D, Hordinsky MK. Germline melanoma susceptibility and prognostic genes: A review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:1055-67. [PMID: 22583682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Ward
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Dillenburg CV, Bandeira IC, Tubino TV, Rossato LG, Dias ES, Bittelbrunn AC, Leistner-Segal S. Prevalence of 185delAG and 5382insC mutations in BRCA1, and 6174delT in BRCA2 in women of Ashkenazi Jewish origin in southern Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:599-602. [PMID: 23055798 PMCID: PMC3459409 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are frequent in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Several factors contribute to this increased frequency, including consanguineous marriages and an event known as a "bottleneck", which occurred in the past and caused a drastic reduction in the genetic variability of this population. Several studies were performed over the years in an attempt to elucidate the role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in susceptibility to breast cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the carrier frequency of certain common mutations in the BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) and BRCA2 (6174delT) genes in an Ashkenazi Jewish population from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Molecular analyses were done by PCR followed by RFLP (ACRS). The carrier frequencies for BRCA1 185delAG and 5382insC were 0.78 and 0 respectively, and 0.4 for the BRCA2 6174deT mutation. These findings are similar to those of some prior studies but differ from others, possibly due to excluding individuals with a personal or family history of cancer. Our sample was drawn from the community group and included individuals with or without a family or personal history of cancer. Furthermore, increased dispersion among Ashkenazi subpopulations may be the result of strong genetic drift and/or admixture. It is therefore necessary to consider the effects of local admixture on the mismatch distributions of various Jewish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisle Vignol Dillenburg
- Banco de DNA/Tecido de Mama e Ovário, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Bandeira
- Banco de DNA/Tecido de Mama e Ovário, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Taiana Valente Tubino
- Banco de DNA/Tecido de Mama e Ovário, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Grazziotin Rossato
- Banco de DNA/Tecido de Mama e Ovário, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Banco de DNA/Tecido de Mama e Ovário, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Quelle prise en charge pour les hommes asymptomatiques, porteurs d’une mutation du gène BRCA1 ou 2 ? Résultat d’une enquête de pratique auprès des centres d’oncogénétique français. Bull Cancer 2012; 99:417-23. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2012.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers have elevated risks of breast and ovarian cancers. The risks for cancers at other sites remain unclear. Melanoma has been associated with BRCA2 mutations in some studies, however, few surveys have included non-melanoma skin cancer. We followed 2729 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation for an average of 5.0 years. These women were asked to report new cases of cancer diagnosed in themselves or in their family. The risks of skin cancer were compared for probands with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Of 1779 women with a BRCA1 mutation, 29 developed skin cancer in the follow-up period (1.6%). Of the 950 women with a BRCA2 mutation, 28 developed skin cancer (3.0%) (OR = 1.83 for BRCA2 versus BRCA1; 95% CI 1.08-3.10; P = 0.02). The odds ratio for basal cell carcinoma was higher (OR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.5-9.4; P = 0.002). BRCA2 mutation carriers are at increased risk for skin cancer, compared with BRCA1 carriers, in particular for basal cell carcinoma.
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Mocellin S, Verdi D, Nitti D. DNA repair gene polymorphisms and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1735-43. [PMID: 19706646 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of DNA repair-related genes might modulate cancer predisposition. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence regarding the relationship between these polymorphisms and the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. Relevant studies were searched using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cancerlit, Cochrane and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Data were gathered according to the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The model-free approach was adopted to perform the meta-analysis of the retrieved data. We identified 20 original reports that describe the relationship between melanoma risk and the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 16 genes (cases = 4195). For seven SNPs considered in at least two studies, the findings were heterogeneous. Data were suitable for meta-analysis only in the case of the XPD/ERCC2 SNP rs13181 (cases = 2308, controls = 3698) and demonstrated that the variant C allele is associated with increased melanoma risk (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.21, P = 0.01; population attributable risk = 9.6%). This is the first meta-analysis suggesting that XPD/ERCC2 might represent a low-penetrance melanoma susceptibility gene. Much work is still to be done before definitive conclusions can be drawn on the role of DNA repair alterations in melanomagenesis since for the other genes involved in this highly complex process, the available information is scarce or null.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Meta-analysis Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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