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Hackenberg S, Renson A, Röseler SM, Baumann I, Topcuoglu MSY, Hebestreit H. Pädiatrische Rhinologie. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:S188-S213. [PMID: 38697148 DOI: 10.1055/a-2178-2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The following review article highlights key topics in pediatric rhinology that are currently the focus in research and at conferences as well as in the interdisciplinary discussion between otorhinolaryngologists and pediatricians. In particular, congenital malformations such as choanal atresia or nasal dermoid cysts are discussed, followed by statements on the current procedures for sinogenic orbital complications as well as on the diagnosis and therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Furthermore, updates on the role of the ENT specialist in the care for children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hackenberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Ariane Renson
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Stefani Maria Röseler
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Ingo Baumann
- Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
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Cortes-Santiago N, Patel K. Review of Pediatric Head and Neck Neoplasms that Raise the Possibility of a Cancer Predisposition Syndrome. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:16-24. [PMID: 33723760 PMCID: PMC8010005 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are generally heritable conditions that predispose individuals to develop cancer at a higher rate and younger age than their representative general population. They are a significant cause of cancer related morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Therefore, recognition of lesions that may be associated with a CPS and alerting the clinicians to its implications is a crucial task for a diagnostic pathologist. In this review we discuss benign pediatric head and neck lesions associated with CPS namely: odontogenic keratocyst, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, ossifying fibroma of the jaw, paraganglioma, plexiform neurofibroma, plexiform schwannoma, mucosal neuroma, and nevus sebaceous syndrome; along with malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma. Several head and neck melanocytic, endocrine, and central nervous system tumors can also be associated with CPS; they are beyond the scope of this article. Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma is discussed elsewhere in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Pathology, Texas Childrens Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kalyani Patel
- Department of Pathology, Texas Childrens Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Pegues J, McCown ET, Buck LS, Carron JD. Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 100:1027S-1028S. [PMID: 32543227 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320934602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J'undra Pegues
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Erin T McCown
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lauren S Buck
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Carron
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Doody J, Adil EA, Trenor CC, Cunningham MJ. The Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128:1061-1072. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489419850194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular tumor of unknown etiology. Studies investigating the molecular and genetic determinants of JNA are limited by small sample size and inconsistent approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine all eligible JNA studies in aggregate, applying qualitative analysis to highlight areas of particular relevance, including potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to all citations. Manuscripts investigating the genetic determinants, histopathogenesis, and heritability of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were included. Non-English studies, case reports, and articles focusing on clinical management without original data were excluded. Full text articles were obtained. A qualitative synthesis of data was performed. Results: A total of 59 articles met criteria for inclusion. These were divided into 6 categories based on the primary topic or target discussed, (1) steroid hormone receptors, (2) chromosomal abnormalities, (3) growth factors, (4) genetic targets, (5) molecular targets, (6) Wnt cell signaling, and (7) studies that overlapped multiple of the aforementioned categories. Although relatively low n values prevent definitive conclusions to be drawn, a predominance of certain molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway intermediaries is apparent. Conclusions: Although the etiology of JNA remains elusive, contemporary molecular genetic investigation holds promise for risk stratification and could form the basis of a modernized staging system. A multicenter clinical registry and linked tissue bank would further promote the search for JNA specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Doody
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eelam A. Adil
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron C. Trenor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Cunningham
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Variable expression of molecular markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2017; 131:752-759. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215117001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Molecular categorisation may explain the wide variation in the clinical characteristics of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.Methods:Variations in molecular markers in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in an Indian population were investigated and compared with global reports.Results:Variable molecular marker expression was demonstrated at the regional and global levels. A wide variation in molecular characteristics is evident. Molecular data have been reported for only 11 countries, indicating a clear geographical bias. Only 58 markers have been studied, and most are yet to be validated.Conclusion:Research into the molecular epidemiology of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is still in its infancy. Although the molecular variation is not well understood, data obtained so far have prompted important research questions. Hence, multicentre collaborative molecular studies are needed to establish the aetiopathogenesis and establish molecular surrogates for clinical characteristics.
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Pandey P, Mishra A, Tripathi AM, Verma V, Trivedi R, Singh HP, Kumar S, Patel B, Singh V, Pandey S, Pandey A, Mishra SC. Current molecular profile of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: First comprehensive study from India. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:E100-E106. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Biochemistry and Endocrinology Divisions; Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | - Anupam Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ashoak Mani Tripathi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Veerendra Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Biochemistry and Endocrinology Divisions; Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Brijesh Patel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Vinay Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Clinical Genetics; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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Current status and clinical association of beta-catenin with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. J Laryngol Otol 2016; 130:907-913. [PMID: 27572281 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215116008690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A possible role of the APC/beta-catenin pathway in the pathogenesis of sporadic juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma has been suggested. This paper presents its current status and clinical association in our patients. METHOD A prospective observational study was conducted at King George Medical University and Central Drug Research Institute, in Lucknow, India. Western blot analysis was undertaken in 16 cases to examine beta-catenin expression. The clinical details were recorded along with follow up observations, to determine associations. RESULTS Up-regulation of beta-catenin expression was seen in 69 per cent of cases. The clinical variables did not reveal significant differences between patients with extremes of expression (extreme under- vs over-expression). However, absent expression was shown exclusively in young adults aged over 18 years, while enhanced expression was associated with an altered facial profile. CONCLUSION Although a beta-catenin association was seen in a subset of our sporadic juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma cases, its expression was not homogeneous. This is in contrast to the Western literature that suggests a universal (homogenous) enhanced expression in the majority. Hence, further research is required to better define its molecular cascade.
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Abstract
Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors in children and adolescents are a relatively common group of soft tissue proliferations that range from reactive to hamartomatous to neoplastic, with a full spectrum of benign, intermediate, and malignant neoplasms. These lesions are diagnostically challenging because of morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap, despite significant clinical, genetic, and prognostic differences. The fibromatoses are a major subgroup, and all types of fibromatoses can occur in the 1st 2 decades of life. Intermediate and malignant fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors are an important group that includes variants of fibrosarcoma and other tumors with recurrent cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities and low metastatic potential. Pathologic examination is enhanced by adjunct techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics, although morphology provides the ultimate criteria for a specific diagnosis. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents, the use of diagnostic adjuncts, and differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Coffin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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