1
|
Yang X, Wang L, Lu K, Li X, Song K, Zhang C. High temperature induces oxidative stress in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and leads to inflammation and apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109913. [PMID: 39306215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Our study aims to examine the changes of long-term high temperature on the mortality and health status of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus), as well as to screen suitable biomarkers to determine whether the spotted seabass is under heat stress. In this study, 360 juvenile spotted seabass were evenly distributed into three temperature-controlled systems at 27 °C (N, normal temperature), 31 °C (M, moderate temperature), and 35 °C (H, high temperature) for an 8-week aquaculture experiment. The results revealed that 35 °C water temperature significantly increased the mortality and the MDA content in tissues (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 35 °C water temperature significantly increased the activity of SOD enzyme and T-AOC capacity in tissues, as well as the expression of hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of nrf2, il1β, il8, caspase3, caspase9, and bax in the liver significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of keap1, il10, tgfβ, and bcl2 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). These results indicate that 35 °C water temperature induces oxidative stress in spotted seabass, leading to tissue oxidative damage, promoting inflammation and apoptosis in liver, and increasing mortality. However, the organism compensates by heightening its antioxidant capacity via the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway and inducing high expression of heat shock proteins for self-protection. Furthermore, the alterations in the mRNA level of hsp70 and MDA content in the liver, muscle, and kidney can serve as indicators for evaluating spotted seabass under prolonged heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Luo T, Huang J, Shao J. Analysis of Differential Alternative Splicing in Largemouth Bass After High Temperature Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3005. [PMID: 39457935 PMCID: PMC11505094 DOI: 10.3390/ani14203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the critical factors affecting the physiological functions of fish. With ongoing global warming, changes in water temperature have a profound impact on fish species. Alternative splicing, being a significant mechanism for gene expression regulation, facilitates fish to adapt and thrive in dynamic and varied aquatic environments. Our study used transcriptome sequencing to analyze alternative splicing in largemouth bass gills at 34 °C for 24 h. The findings indicated an increase in both alternative splicing events and alternative splicing genes after high temperature treatment. Specifically, the comparative analysis revealed a total of 674 differential alternative splicing events and 517 differential alternative splicing genes. Enrichment analysis of differential alternative splicing genes revealed significant associations with various gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways, particularly in immune-related pathways like necroptosis, apoptosis, and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. These results emphasize that some RNA splicing-related genes are involved in the response of largemouth bass to high temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.L.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.L.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenlu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Tianma Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.L.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Hubei Fisheries Science Research Institute, Wuhan 430077, China;
| | - Jian Shao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.L.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee CJ, Choi BH, Kim SS, Kim DNJ, Kim TH, Choi JM, Pak Y, Park JS. Intermolecular Interactions between Cysteine and Aromatic Amino Acids with a Phenyl Moiety in the DNA-Binding Domain of Heat Shock Factor 1 Regulate Thermal Stress-Induced Trimerization. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1307-1321. [PMID: 38688031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the trimerization mechanism and structure of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) using western blotting, tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. First, we examined the DNA-binding domains of human (Homo sapiens), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) HSF1s by mutating key residues (36 and 103) that are thought to directly affect trimer formation. Human, goldfish, and walleye pollock HSF1s contain cysteine at residue 36 but cysteine (C), tyrosine (Y), and phenylalanine (F), respectively, at residue 103. The optimal trimerization temperatures for the wild-type HSF1s of each species were found to be 42, 37, and 20 °C, respectively. Interestingly, a mutation experiment revealed that trimerization occurred at 42 °C when residue 103 was cysteine, at 37 °C when it was tyrosine, and at 20 °C when it was phenylalanine, regardless of the species. In addition, it was confirmed that when residue 103 of the three species was mutated to alanine, trimerization did not occur. This suggests that in addition to trimerization via disulfide bond formation between the cysteine residues in human HSF1, trimerization can also occur via the formation of a different type of bond between cysteine and aromatic ring residues such as tyrosine and phenylalanine. We also confirmed that at least one cysteine is required for the trimerization of HSF1s, regardless of its position (residue 36 or 103). Additionally, it was shown that the trimer formation temperature is related to growth and survival in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Bo-Hee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - So-Sun Kim
- East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of Korea
| | - David Nahm-Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Youngshang Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jang-Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Conte M, de Campos DF, Eme J. Effective practices for thermal tolerance polygon experiments using mottled catfish Corydoras paleatus. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103616. [PMID: 37437371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor that affects how organisms allocate metabolic resources to physiological processes. Laboratory experiments that determine absolute thermal limits for representative species are important for understanding how fishes are affected by climate change. Critical Thermal Methodology (CTM) and Chronic Lethal Methodology (CLM) experiments were utilized to construct a complete thermal tolerance polygon for the South American fish species, Mottled catfish (Corydoras paleatus). Mottled catfish showed Chronic Lethal Maxima (CLMax) of 34.9 ± 0.52 °C and Chronic Lethal Minima (CLMin) of 3.8 ± 0.08 °C. Fish were chronically acclimated (∼2 weeks) to 6 temperatures ranging from 7.2 ± 0.05 °C →32.2 ± 0.16 °C (7 °C, 12 °C, 17 °C, 22 °C, 27 °C, and 32 °C), and CTM used to estimate upper and lower acute temperature tolerance. Linear regressions of Critical Thermal Maxima (CTMax) and Minima (CTMin) data with each acclimation temperature were used along with CLMax and CLMin to create a complete thermal tolerance polygon. The highest CTMax was 38.4 ± 0.60 °C for fish acclimated to 32.2 ± 0.16 °C, and the lowest CTMin was 3.36 ± 1.84 °C for fish acclimated to 7.2 ± 0.05 °C. Mottled catfish have a polygon measuring 785.7°C2, and the slope of the linear regressions showed the species gained 0.55 °C and 0.32 °C of upper and lower tolerance per degree of acclimation temperature, respectively. We compared slopes of CTMax or CTMin regression lines to each other using a set of comparisons between 3, 4, 5, or 6 acclimation temperatures. Our data demonstrated that 3 acclimation temperatures were as sufficient as 4 → 6 to pair with estimates of chronic upper and lower thermal limits for accurately determining a complete thermal tolerance polygon. Construction of this species' complete thermal tolerance polygon provides a template for other researchers. The following is sufficient to generate a complete thermal tolerance polygon: Three chronic acclimation temperatures that are spread somewhat evenly across a species' thermal range, include an estimation of CLMax and CLMin, and are followed by CTMax and CTMin measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Conte
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Blvd., San Marcos, CA, USA.
| | - Derek Felipe de Campos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for the Amazonian Research, Av. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - John Eme
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Blvd., San Marcos, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dallas J, Warne RW. Heat hardening of a larval amphibian is dependent on acclimation period and temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:339-345. [PMID: 36811331 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity in heat tolerance provides ectotherms the ability to reduce overheating risk during thermal extremes. However, the tolerance-plasticity trade-off hypothesis states that individuals acclimated to warmer environments have a reduced plastic response, including hardening, limiting their ability to further adjust their thermal tolerance. Heat hardening describes the short-term increase in heat tolerance following a heat shock that remains understudied in larval amphibians. We sought to examine the potential trade-off between basal heat tolerance and hardening plasticity of a larval amphibian, Lithobates sylvaticus, in response to differing acclimation temperatures and periods. Lab-reared larvae were exposed to one of two acclimation temperatures (15°C and 25°C) for either 3 or 7 days, at which time heat tolerance was measured as critical thermal maximum (CTmax ). A hardening treatment (sub-critical temperature exposure) was applied 2 h before the CTmax assay for comparison to control groups. We found that heat-hardening effects were most pronounced in 15°C acclimated larvae, particularly after 7 days of acclimation. By contrast, larvae acclimated to 25°C exhibited only minor hardening responses, while basal heat tolerance was significantly increased as shown by elevated CTmax temperatures. These results are in line with the tolerance-plasticity trade-off hypothesis. Specifically, while exposure to elevated temperatures induces acclimation in basal heat tolerance, shifts towards upper thermal tolerance limits constrain the capacity for ectotherms to further respond to acute thermal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Robin W Warne
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thermal Stress Induces Metabolic Responses in Juvenile Qingtian Paddy Field Carp Cyprinus carpio var qingtianensis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233395. [PMID: 36496916 PMCID: PMC9739747 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme fluctuations in water temperature lead to significant economic losses for the aquaculture industry. Cyprinus carpio var qingtianensis (locally called Qingtian paddy field carp), is a local variety commonly found in Zhejiang province, China. Unlike traditional aquaculture environments, the water temperature range between day and night in the rice field environment is much larger, and the high temperature in summer may exceed the growth threshold of fish because there is no manual intervention; therefore, the study of how the Qingtian paddy field carp (PF carp) adapts to high-temperature conditions can shed light how the species adapt to the rice field environment. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of this fish under thermal stress, the liver metabolomics of Qiangtian paddy field carp (PF carp) were analyzed. In this study, metabolomics was used to examine the metabolic reaction of PF carp (102 days old, 104.69 ± 3.08 g in weight, 14.65 ± 0.46 cm in length) at water temperatures of 28 °C (control group, CG), 34 °C (experimental group (EG) 34), and 38 °C (EG38). The results show that 175 expression profile metabolites (DEMs), including 115 upregulated and 60 downregulated metabolites, were found in the CG vs. EG34. A total of 354 DEMs were inspected in CG vs. EG38, with 85 metabolites downregulated and 269 metabolites upregulated. According to the pathway enrichment study, various pathways were altered by thermal stress, including those of lipid, amino-acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Our study presents a potential metabolic profile for PF carp under thermal stress. It also demonstrates how the host responds to thermal stress on a metabolic and molecular level.
Collapse
|
7
|
High-Temperature Stress Effect on the Red Cusk-Eel (Geypterus chilensis) Liver: Transcriptional Modulation and Oxidative Stress Damage. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070990. [PMID: 36101373 PMCID: PMC9312335 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native Chilean species important for aquaculture diversification in Chile. The effect of high-temperature stress on the liver, a key organ for fish metabolism, is unknown. In this study we determined for the first time the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel. The results showed that high-temperature stress increased hepatic enzyme activity in the plasma of stressed fish. Additionally, this stressor generated oxidative damage in liver, and generated a transcriptional response with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts associated with several processes, including unfolded protein response, heat shock response and oxidative stress, among others. Together, these results indicate that high-temperature stress generates a relevant impact on liver, with should be considered for the aquaculture and fisheries industry of this species under a climate change scenario. Abstract Environmental stressors, such as temperature, are relevant factors that could generate a negative effect on several tissues in fish. A key fish species for Chilean aquaculture diversification is the red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis), a native fish for which knowledge on environmental stressors effects is limited. This study evaluated the effects of high-temperature stress on the liver of red cusk-eel in control (14 °C) and high-temperature (19 °C) groups using multiple approaches: determination of plasmatic hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and AP), oxidative damage evaluation (AP sites, lipid peroxidation, and carbonylated proteins), and RNA-seq analysis. High-temperature stress generated a significant increase in hepatic enzyme activity in plasma. In the liver, a transcriptional regulation was observed, with 1239 down-regulated and 1339 up-regulated transcripts. Additionally, high-temperature stress generated oxidative stress in the liver, with oxidative damage and transcriptional modulation of the antioxidant response. Furthermore, an unfolded protein response was observed, with several pathways enriched, as well as a heat shock response, with several heat shock proteins up regulated, suggesting candidate biomarkers (i.e., serpinh1) for thermal stress evaluation in this species. The present study shows that high-temperature stress generated a major effect on the liver of red cusk-eel, knowledge to consider for the aquaculture and fisheries of this species.
Collapse
|
8
|
Manzon LA, Zak MA, Agee M, Boreham DR, Wilson JY, Somers CM, Manzon RG. Thermal acclimation alters both basal heat shock protein gene expression and the heat shock response in juvenile lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
9
|
Mugwanya M, Dawood MA, Kimera F, Sewilam H. Anthropogenic temperature fluctuations and their effect on aquaculture: A comprehensive review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
Dumas A, Liao KL, Jeffries KM. Mathematical modeling and analysis of the heat shock protein response during thermal stress in fish and HeLa cells. Math Biosci 2021; 346:108692. [PMID: 34481823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2021.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The climate change has the potential to dramatically affect species' thermal physiology and may change the ecology and evolution of species' lineages. In this work, we investigated the transition of dynamics in the heat shock response when the thermal stress approaches the upper thermal limits of species to understand how the climate change may affect the heat shock responses in ectotherms and endotherms. The heat shock protein 70, HSP70, prevents protein denaturation or misfolding under thermal stresses. When thermal stress increases, the number of misfolded proteins increases, which leads to high levels of HSP70 protein. However, when temperatures approach limits of thermal tolerance (i.e., the critical thermal maximum, CTmax, for ectotherms and the superior critical temperature, SCT, for endotherms), levels of HSP70 protein synthesis start to decrease. Thus, we hypothesized that the temperature at the first reduction of HSP abundance indicates the thermal limits of the species. In this work, we provide a mathematical model to investigate the behavior of the heat shock responses related to HSP70 protein. This model captures the dynamics of HSP70 protein and Hsp70 mRNA, in HeLa cells (i.e., representative for endotherms) and multiple species of fishes (i.e., representative for ectotherms) with different acclimation histories. Based on our hypothesis of the relationship between the HSP70 protein level and CTmax/SCT, our model provides three methods to predict the CTmax of fishes with varying acclimation temperature and the SCT of HeLa cells. The CTmax increases as the acclimation temperature increases in fishes, however the CTmax plateaus when the acclimation temperature is higher than 20°C in brook trout, a representative cool water salmonid. Our model also captures the situation that the heat shock reaction in fish is more sensitive to the heat shock temperature than HeLa cells, when the heat shock temperature is lower than the upper thermal tolerance. However, both fish and HeLa cells are sensitive to the heat shock temperature when the temperature reaches the thermal tolerance limits. Additionally, our sensitive analysis result indicates that the status of some components in the heat shock reaction changes when the temperature reaches the thermal tolerance resulting in failure in protein refolding in fish and speeding up the refolding process in HeLa cells. Mathematical analysis is also applied on a simplified mathematical model to investigate the detailed dynamics of the model, such as the steady states of the substrate, Hsp70 mRNA, and HSP70 protein, at different thermal stresses. The comparison between the original model and simplified model shows that the inhibition on HSP70 protein transcription by thermal stresses leads to the reduction in HSP70 protein at extreme temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dumas
- Department of Mathematics, The ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kang-Ling Liao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ken M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dettleff P, Zuloaga R, Fuentes M, Gonzalez P, Aedo J, Estrada JM, Molina A, Valdés JA. Physiological and molecular responses to thermal stress in red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) juveniles reveals atrophy and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102750. [PMID: 33292991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with strong potential to support Chilean aquaculture diversification. Environmental stressors, such as temperature, may generate important effects in fish physiology with negative impact. However, no information exists on the effects of thermal stress in Genypterus species or how this stressor affects the skeletal muscle. The present study evaluated for the first time the effect of high temperature stress in red cusk-eel juveniles to determine changes in plasmatic markers of stress (cortisol, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), the transcriptional effect in skeletal muscle genes related to (i) heat shock protein response (hsp60 and hsp70), (ii) muscle atrophy and growth (foxo1, foxo3, fbxo32, murf-1, myod1 and ddit4), and (iii) oxidative stress (cat, sod1 and gpx1), and evaluate the DNA damage (AP sites) and peroxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (HNE proteins)) in this tissue. Thermal stress generates a significant increase in plasmatic levels of cortisol, glucose and LDH activity and induced heat shock protein transcripts in muscle. We also observed an upregulation of atrophy-related genes (foxo1, foxo3 and fbxo32) and a significant modulation of growth-related genes (myod1 and ddit4). Thermal stress induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, as represented by the upregulation of antioxidant genes (cat and sod1) and a significant increase in DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. The present study provides the first physiological and molecular information of the effects of thermal stress on skeletal muscle in a Genypterus species, which should be considered in a climate change scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dettleff
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcia Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Aedo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Estrada
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Víctor Lamas 1290, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Liu J, Ye S, Bureau DP, Liu H, Yin J, Mou Z, Lin H, Hao F. Global metabolic responses of the lenok (Brachymystax lenok) to thermal stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:308-319. [PMID: 30669055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High temperature is a powerful stressor for fish living in natural and artificial environments, especially for cold water species. Understanding the impact of thermal stress on physiological processes of fish is crucial for better cultivation and fisheries management. However, the metabolic mechanism of cold water fish to thermal stress is still not completely clear. In this study, a NMR-based metabonomic strategy in combination with high-throughput RNA-Seq was employed to investigate global metabolic changes of plasma and liver in a typical cold water fish species lenok (Brachymystax lenok) subjected to a sub-lethal high temperature. Our results showed that thermal stress caused multiple dynamic metabolic alterations of the lenok with prolonged stress, including repression of energy metabolism, shifts in lipid metabolism, alterations in amino acid metabolism, changes in choline and nucleotide metabolisms. Specifically, thermal stress induced an activation of glutamate metabolism, indicating that glutamate could be an important biomarker associated with thermal stress. Evidence from Hsp 70 gene expression, blood biochemistry and histology confirmed that high temperature exposure had negative effects on health of the lenok. These findings imply that thermal stress has a severe adverse effect on fish health and demonstrate that the integrated analyses combining NMR-based metabonomics and transcriptome strategy is a powerful approach to enhance our understanding of metabolic mechanisms of fish to thermal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Jiashou Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shaowen Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dominique P Bureau
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Jiasheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Zhenbo Mou
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Ma D, Zhao C, Xiao Z, Xu S, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li J. The expression pattern of hsp70 plays a critical role in thermal tolerance of marine demersal fish: Multilevel responses of Paralichthys olivaceus and its hybrids (P. olivaceus ♀ × P. dentatus ♂) to chronic and acute heat stress. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:386-395. [PMID: 28689860 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming has multifaceted impacts on marine organisms. This study investigated the different responses of Paralichthys olivaceus and the hybrids (P. olivaceus ♀ × P. dentatus ♂) to chronic and acute heat stress. By comparing their survival, behavioural and histological changes, we found that the hybrids possess a better thermal tolerance with a higher cumulative survival rate (CSR), relatively fewer behavioural changes and less gill damage. Moreover, we analysed the relationship between thermal tolerance and the hsp70 expression pattern and found that thermal tolerant species (the hybrids) exhibited higher threshold induction temperature, shorter durations, stronger magnitudes and a delay in hsp70 expression. We speculated that the expression mode of hsp70, rather than itself, plays a critical role in thermal tolerance. These findings would improve the understanding of hsp70 in future marine climate research and help clarify the profound effects of rising temperature on marine demersal fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daoyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhizhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dalvi RS, Das T, Debnath D, Yengkokpam S, Baruah K, Tiwari LR, Pal AK. Metabolic and cellular stress responses of catfish, Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther) acclimated to increasing temperatures. J Therm Biol 2017; 65:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Short-term molecular and physiological responses to heat stress in neritic copepods Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:348-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Lima FP, Gomes F, Seabra R, Wethey DS, Seabra MI, Cruz T, Santos AM, Hilbish TJ. Loss of thermal refugia near equatorial range limits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:254-263. [PMID: 26426985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the importance of thermal refugia along the majority of the geographical range of a key intertidal species (Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758) on the Atlantic coast of Europe. We asked whether differences between sun-exposed and shaded microhabitats were responsible for differences in physiological stress and ecological performance and examined the availability of refugia near equatorial range limits. Thermal differences between sun-exposed and shaded microhabitats are consistently associated with differences in physiological performance, and the frequency of occurrence of high temperatures is most probably limiting the maximum population densities supported at any given place. Topographical complexity provides thermal refugia throughout most of the distribution range, although towards the equatorial edges the magnitude of the amelioration provided by shaded microhabitats is largely reduced. Importantly, the limiting effects of temperature, rather than being related to latitude, seem to be tightly associated with microsite variability, which therefore is likely to have profound effects on the way local populations (and consequently species) respond to climatic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Filipa Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Rui Seabra
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - David S Wethey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Maria I Seabra
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar (CIEMAR), Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, Sines, 7520-903, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cruz
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar (CIEMAR), Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, Sines, 7520-903, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal
| | - António M Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Thomas J Hilbish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Im J, Kwon G, Kong D, Ghil S. Identification of a warm-temperature acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein encoded by a temperature- and infection-responsive gene in the Kumgang fat minnow Rhynchocypris kumgangensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 325:65-74. [PMID: 26612495 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Water temperature is one of the most important factors in fish physiology; thus, it is important to identify genes that respond to changes in water temperature. In this study, we identified a warm- temperature acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein (Wap65) in the Kumgang fat minnow Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, a small, cold-freshwater fish species endemic to Korea. Kumgang fat minnow Wap65-1 (kmWap65-1) was cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategies, and was found to be highly homologous with teleost Wap65-1 and mammalian hemopexin, a heme-binding protein that transfers plasma heme into hepatocytes. kmWap65-1 mRNA was expressed mainly in the liver and its expression levels were significantly increased by both short- and long-term exposure to high temperature, which was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the expression levels of kmWap65-1 were highly elevated by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These results indicate that kmWap65-1 expression is associated with environmental stresses such as increases in water temperature and bacterial infection. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:65-74, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Im
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Kong
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Giri SS, Sen SS, Sukumaran V. Role of HSP70 in cytoplasm protection against thermal stress in rohu, Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:294-299. [PMID: 25240978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To understand the function of HSP70 of Labeo rohita (LrHSP70) in cellular protection, LrHSP70 ORF cDNA was inserted into the plasmid of pET-32a(+) or pEGFP-L1. Then, the recombinant plasmids were transformed or transfected into Escherichia coli cells, mouse myeloma cells (MPC-11) or fish hepatoma cells (PLHC-1). Western blot results revealed that LrHSP70 was expressed in E. coli cells and molecular weight was estimated to be 70 kDa. In cells, LrHSP70 was over-expressed following thermal or cold stress. Results revealed that LrHSP70 protected prokaryotic cells against thermal or cold extremes as well as played the same role in MPC-11 and PLHC-1 cells. After heat treatment at 42 °C for 1 h, the viability of the cell was declined considerably. PLHC-1 cells with pEGFP-L1/LrHSP70 exhibited a higher survival rate (50%) than wild-type cells (18%) or cells with only pEGFP-L1 (21.2%). When the time lag extended to 2 h, the survival rates were 30%, 3.4% and 5.3% respectively. The present study revealed that LrHSP70 plays an important role in response to thermal and cold stress in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur, 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shib Sankar Sen
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur, 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Y, Ma D, Zhao C, Wang W, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu Y, Xiao Z, Xu S, Xiao Y, Liu Q, Li J. Histological and enzymatic responses of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its hybrids (P. olivaceus ♀ × P. dentatus ♂) to chronic heat stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1031-1041. [PMID: 24390013 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of long-term heat exposure on Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its hybrids (P. olivaceus ♀ × summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus ♂). From 24 ± 0.5°C, temperature was increased by 1 ± 0.5°C in a day and was kept at that temperature for 5 days before next rise. Cumulative survival rate (CSR), cumulative survival rate under different temperature (CSR-T), histological alteration, and related enzyme activities were investigated. In P. olivaceus, mass mortality occurred at 29 and 32 °C (the CSR-T dropped to 42.39%), and serious gill damages appeared at 30 and 32°C. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysozyme (LZM), and pyruvate kinase (PK) declined around 29 and 32°C (except for CAT). In comparison with P. olivaceus, the CSR of the hybrids was higher, the gill kept a better structural integrity, and the activities of SOD, CAT, LZM, and PK showed tiny fluctuations. The results suggested that during the process of chronic heat stress, P. olivaceus seemed to be more sensitive to 29 and 32°C, and the manifestations in survival, histology, and enzyme activity were generally consistent. For the hybrids, the comparatively insensitivity to high temperature might imply its better heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Center of Biotechnology R&D, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng J, Liu S, Wang X, Wang R, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Li C, Kaltenboeck L, Li J, Liu Z. Channel catfish hemoglobin genes: Identification, phylogenetic and syntenic analysis, and specific induction in response to heat stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 9:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
21
|
Dittmar J, Janssen H, Kuske A, Kurtz J, Scharsack JP. Heat and immunity: an experimental heat wave alters immune functions in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:744-57. [PMID: 24188456 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change is predicted to lead to increased temperatures and more extreme climatic events. This may influence host-parasite interactions, immunity and therefore the impact of infectious diseases on ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of rising temperatures on immune defence, in particular in ectothermic animals, where the immune system is directly exposed to external temperature change. Fish are ideal models for studying the effect of temperature on immunity, because they are poikilothermic, but possess a complete vertebrate immune system with both innate and adaptive immunity. We used three-spined sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus aculeatus) originating from a stream and a pond, whereby the latter supposedly were adapted to higher temperature variation. We studied the effect of increasing and decreasing temperatures and a simulated heat wave with subsequent recovery on body condition and immune parameters. We hypothesized that the immune system might be less active at low temperatures, but will be even more suppressed at temperatures towards the upper tolerable temperature range. Contrary to our expectation, we found innate and adaptive immune activity to be highest at a temperature as low as 13 °C. Exposure to a simulated heat wave induced long-lasting immune disorders, in particular in a stickleback population that might be less adapted to temperature variation in its natural environment. The results show that the activity of the immune system of an ectothermic animal species is temperature dependent and suggest that heat waves associated with global warming may immunocompromise host species, thereby potentially facilitating the spread of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Dittmar
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Janssen
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Zoological Research Museum Alexander König (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andra Kuske
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörn P Scharsack
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|