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Possik E, Al-Mass A, Peyot ML, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. New Mammalian Glycerol-3-Phosphate Phosphatase: Role in β-Cell, Liver and Adipocyte Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:706607. [PMID: 34326816 PMCID: PMC8313997 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, have enormous impact on modern societies worldwide. Excess nutritional burden and nutri-stress together with sedentary lifestyles lead to these diseases. Deranged glucose, fat, and energy metabolism is at the center of nutri-stress, and glycolysis-derived glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) is at the crossroads of these metabolic pathways. Cellular levels of Gro3P can be controlled by its synthesis, utilization or hydrolysis. The belief that mammalian cells do not possess an enzyme that hydrolyzes Gro3P, as in lower organisms and plants, is challenged by our recent work showing the presence of a Gro3P phosphatase (G3PP) in mammalian cells. A previously described phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) in mammalian cells, with no established physiological function, has been shown to actually function as G3PP, under physiological conditions, particularly at elevated glucose levels. In the present review, we summarize evidence that supports the view that G3PP plays an important role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and fat storage in hepatocytes, glucose stimulated insulin secretion and nutri-stress in β-cells, and lipogenesis in adipocytes. We provide a balanced perspective on the pathophysiological significance of G3PP in mammals with specific reference to cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elite Possik
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anfal Al-Mass
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - S. R. Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marc Prentki, ; S. R. Murthy Madiraju,
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marc Prentki, ; S. R. Murthy Madiraju,
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Panserat S, Plagnes-Juan E, Gazzola E, Palma M, Magnoni LJ, Marandel L, Viegas I. Hepatic Glycerol Metabolism-Related Genes in Carnivorous Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss): Insights Into Molecular Characteristics, Ontogenesis, and Nutritional Regulation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32848841 PMCID: PMC7413064 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol metabolism in rainbow trout is poorly studied even though it is at the interface between lipid and glucose metabolism. Moreover, glycerol can be an important ingredient in new aquafeed formulation to decrease the catabolism of dietary amino acids. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize for the first time the different genes coding for key enzymes and proteins involved in hepatic glycerol metabolism. From the trout genomes, all the paralogous genes coding for glycerol transport (aqp9b), glycerol kinase (gk2a and gk5), glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase (pgp), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd1a, gpd1b, and gpd1c) were identified. The ontogenesis determined that the capacity to metabolize glycerol begins with the apparition of the liver during the development (stage 22) and are more expressed at the endogenous–exogenous feeding period (stage 35). The postprandial regulation of the expression of these genes in juvenile trout showed that the postprandial peak of expression is between 4 and 24 h after the last meal for many of the genes, demonstrating that glycerol metabolism could be nutritionally regulated at a molecular level. However, surprisingly, no regulation of the mRNA abundance for the glycerol metabolism-related genes by different levels of dietary glycerol (0, 2.5, and 5%) have been detected, showing that hepatic glycerol metabolism is poorly regulated at a molecular level by dietary glycerol in rainbow trout juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elsa Gazzola
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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He Q, Toh JD, Ero R, Qiao Z, Kumar V, Serra A, Tan J, Sze SK, Gao YG. The unusual di-domain structure of Dunaliella salina glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enables direct conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:153-164. [PMID: 31762135 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella has been extensively studied due to its intriguing adaptation to high salinity. Its di-domain glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) isoform is likely to underlie the rapid production of the osmoprotectant glycerol. Here, we report the structure of the chimeric Dunaliella salina GPDH (DsGPDH) protein featuring a phosphoserine phosphatase-like domain fused to the canonical glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase domain. Biochemical assays confirm that DsGPDH can convert dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) directly to glycerol, whereas a separate phosphatase protein is required for this conversion process in most organisms. The structure of DsGPDH in complex with its substrate DHAP and co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) allows the identification of the residues that form the active sites. Furthermore, the structure reveals an intriguing homotetramer form that likely contributes to the rapid biosynthesis of glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
| | - Joel Dewei Toh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore City, 138673, Singapore
| | - Rya Ero
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 639798, Singapore
| | - Veerendra Kumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore City, 138673, Singapore
| | - Aida Serra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jackie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore City, 138673, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore City, 639798, Singapore
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Identification of a mammalian glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase: Role in metabolism and signaling in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E430-9. [PMID: 26755581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514375113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and the associated disturbed glycerolipid/fatty acid (GL/FA) cycle, contribute to insulin resistance, islet β-cell failure, and type 2 diabetes. Flux through the GL/FA cycle is regulated by the availability of glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) and fatty acyl-CoA. We describe here a mammalian Gro3P phosphatase (G3PP), which was not known to exist in mammalian cells, that can directly hydrolyze Gro3P to glycerol. We identified that mammalian phosphoglycolate phosphatase, with an uncertain function, acts in fact as a G3PP. We found that G3PP, by controlling Gro3P levels, regulates glycolysis and glucose oxidation, cellular redox and ATP production, gluconeogenesis, glycerolipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic islet β-cells and hepatocytes, and that glucose stimulated insulin secretion and the response to metabolic stress, e.g., glucolipotoxicity, in β-cells. In vivo overexpression of G3PP in rat liver lowers body weight gain and hepatic glucose production from glycerol and elevates plasma HDL levels. G3PP is expressed at various levels in different tissues, and its expression varies according to the nutritional state in some tissues. As Gro3P lies at the crossroads of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, control of its availability by G3PP adds a key level of metabolic regulation in mammalian cells, and G3PP offers a potential target for type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Raymond JA. Two potential fish glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatases. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:811-818. [PMID: 25832176 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Winter-acclimated rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax Mitchill) produce high levels of glycerol as an antifreeze. A common pathway to glycerol involves the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase (GPP), but no GPP has yet been identified in fish or any other animal. Here, two phosphatases assembled from existing EST libraries (from winter-acclimated smelt and cold-acclimated smelt hepatocytes) were found to resemble a glycerol-associated phosphatase from a glycerol-producing alga, Dunaliella salina, and a recently discovered GPP from a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recombinant proteins were generated and were found to have GPP activity on the order of a few μMol Pi/mg enzyme/min. The two enzymes have acidic pH optima (~5.5) similar to that previously determined for GPP activity in liver tissue, with about 1/3 of their peak activities at neutral pH. The two enzymes appear to account for the GPP activity of smelt liver, but due to their reduced activities at neutral pH, their contributions to glycerol production in vivo remain unclear. Similar enzymes may be active in a glycerol-producing insect, Dendroctonus ponderosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Raymond
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA,
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Driedzic WR. Rainbow smelt: the unusual case of cryoprotection by sustained glycerol production in an aquatic animal. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 185:487-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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