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Cheng X, Jiang W, Wang Q, Liu K, Dai W, Liu Y, Shao C, Li Q. Unveiling Gene Expression Dynamics during Early Embryogenesis in Cynoglossus semilaevis: A Transcriptomic Perspective. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:505. [PMID: 38672775 PMCID: PMC11050975 DOI: 10.3390/life14040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Commencing with sperm-egg fusion, the early stages of metazoan development include the cleavage and formation of blastula and gastrula. These early embryonic events play a crucial role in ontogeny and are accompanied by a dramatic remodeling of the gene network, particularly encompassing the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Nonetheless, the gene expression dynamics governing early embryogenesis remain unclear in most metazoan lineages. We conducted transcriptomic profiling on two types of gametes (oocytes and sperms) and early embryos (ranging from the four-cell to the gastrula stage) of an economically valuable flatfish-the Chinese tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that large-scale zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs in the blastula stage, aligning with previous findings in zebrafish. Through the comparison of the most abundant transcripts identified in each sample and the functional analysis of co-expression modules, we unveiled distinct functional enrichments across different gametes/developmental stages: actin- and immune-related functions in sperms; mitosis, transcription inhibition, and mitochondrial function in oocytes and in pre-ZGA embryos (four- to 1000-cell stage); and organ development in post-ZGA embryos (blastula and gastrula). These results provide insights into the intricate transcriptional regulation of early embryonic development in Cynoglossidae fish and expand our knowledge of developmental constraints in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cheng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- BGI Research, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Wei Jiang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Dai
- BGI Research, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Yuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.W.); (K.L.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiye Li
- BGI Research, Wuhan 430074, China;
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li N, Guo L, Guo H. Establishment, characterization, and transfection potential of a new continuous fish cell line (CAM) derived from the muscle tissue of grass goldfish (Carassius auratus). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:912-931. [PMID: 34725799 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new continuous fish cell line (CAM) has been successfully derived from the muscle tissues of grass goldfish, Carassius auratus. The primary cell cultures were initiated by incomplete trypsinization first and then explant culture in a Leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and 10% fish muscle extract. It was found that the CAM cells were very sensitive to trypsinization and needed to be sub-cultured at a low trypsin concentration of 0.0625% to be able to go through the crisis of spontaneous immortalization transformation, and afterward a total of five derivative cell strains were isolated from the original CAM cell line. This spontaneous immortalization transformation event was recorded successively at passages 44-47, beginning with a large-scale apoptosis and senescence and followed by mitosis arrest and re-activation, thus designated as cell strain CAM-44A, 44B, 45A, 44B, and 47A. Now both the CAM cell line and strains had been sub-cultured for more than 89 times and could be well cryopreserved in the growth medium containing 5% dimethylsulfoxide. Chromosome analysis and COI gene analysis had confirmed the grass goldfish origin of these CAM cells. Transfection potential analysis indicated that Lipofectamine LTX and Xfect were two suitable transfection reagents to be used in the gene delivery of CAM cells with a transfection efficiencies up to 11±6% and 8±3% in the CAM cell lines, respectively. Among the five cell strains, CAM-47A showed the highest transfection potential with a transfection efficiency up to 28 ± 5%. This work will provide a useful cell source for works on the cell-based artificial fish meat production and functional studies of fish myogenesis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huarong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Cytogenomics Unveil Possible Transposable Elements Driving Rearrangements in Chromosomes 2 and 4 of Solea senegalensis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041614. [PMID: 33562667 PMCID: PMC7915175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenomics, the integration of cytogenetic and genomic data, has been used here to reconstruct the evolution of chromosomes 2 and 4 of Solea senegalensis. S. senegalensis is a flat fish with a karyotype comprising 2n = 42 chromosomes: 6 metacentric + 4 submetacentric + 8 subtelocentric + 24 telocentric. The Fluorescence in situ Hybridization with Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (FISH-BAC) technique was applied to locate BACs in these chromosomes (11 and 10 BACs in chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively) and to generate integrated maps. Synteny analysis, taking eight reference fish species (Cynoglossus semilaevis, Scophthalmus maximus, Sparus aurata, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Xiphophorus maculatus, Oryzias latipes, Danio rerio, and Lepisosteus oculatus) for comparison, showed that the BACs of these two chromosomes of S. senegalensis were mainly distributed in two principal chromosomes in the reference species. Transposable Elements (TE) analysis showed significant differences between the two chromosomes, in terms of number of loci per Mb and coverage, and the class of TE (I or II) present. Analysis of TE divergence in chromosomes 2 and 4 compared to their syntenic regions in four reference fish species (C. semilaevis, S. maximus, O. latipes, and D. rerio) revealed differences in their age of activity compared with those species but less notable differences between the two chromosomes. Differences were also observed in peaks of divergence and coverage of TE families for all reference species even in those close to S. senegalensis, like S. maximus and C. semilaevis. Considered together, chromosomes 2 and 4 have evolved by Robertsonian fusions, pericentric inversions, and other chromosomal rearrangements mediated by TEs.
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Physiological impact and comparison of mutant screening methods in piwil2 KO founder Nile tilapia produced by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12600. [PMID: 32724054 PMCID: PMC7387559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of genome engineering techniques to understand the mechanisms that regulate germ cell development opens promising new avenues to develop methods to control sexual maturation and mitigate associated detrimental effects in fish. In this study, the functional role of piwil2 in primordial germ cells (PGCs) was investigated in Nile tilapia using CRISPR/Cas9 and the resultant genotypes were further explored. piwil2 is a gonad-specific and maternally deposited gene in Nile tilapia eggs which is known to play a role in repression of transposon elements and is therefore thought to be important for maintaining germline cell fate. A functional domain of piwil2, PIWI domain, was targeted by injecting Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs into Nile tilapia embryos at 1 cell stage. Results showed 54% of injected mutant larvae had no or less putative PGCs compared to control fish, suggesting an essential role of piwil2 in survival of PGCs. The genotypic features of the different phenotypic groups were explored by next generation sequencing (NGS) and other mutant screening methods including T7 endonuclease 1 (T7E1), CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided engineered nuclease (RGEN), high resolution melt curve analysis (HRMA) and fragment analysis. Linking phenotypes to genotypes in F0 was hindered by the complex mosacism and wide indel spectrum revealed by NGS and fragment analysis. This study strongly suggests the functional importance of piwil2 in PGCs survival. Further studies should focus on reducing mosaicism when using CRISPR/Cas9 system to facilitate direct functional analysis in F0.
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Sun A, Zhu H, Dong Y, Wang W, Hu HX. Establishment of a novel testicular cell line from sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and evaluation of its applications. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:804-809. [PMID: 30484862 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a cell line, designated as Acipenser ruthenus testis (ART), was successfully established from testis tissues of the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and characterized by studying and comparing the expression of specific genes between the cell line and the parent gonad tissues. The results suggested that the developed ART cell line was composed of a mixture of germ cells and somatic cells. Ploidy analysis indicated that the cell line exhibited a high degree of genetic stability and that the cells remained in a good proliferating state after being subcultured to passage 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sun
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xia Hu
- Beijing Fisheries Research Institute & National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Lab of Biological Technology and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Liu XF, Wu YH, Wei SN, Wang N, Li PF, Li YZ, Zhang NW, Qin QW, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of a kidney cell line from kelp grouper Epinephelus moara. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:87-93. [PMID: 29214431 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel cell line, Epinephelus moara kidney cell line (EMK), was established from kidneys of kelp grouper E. moara. Cells were cultured at 24 °C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium (L15) supplemented with antibiotics, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). EMK cells, fibroblastic in morphology, proliferated to 100% confluency in 3-4 days and were subcultured for over 50 passages. The cells could grow from 18 to 30 °C, with optimal growth at 24 °C. Chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48 in the cells at passage 42. Green fluorescent signals could be observed in EMK cells when the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid. Moreover, a significant cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in the cells after infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) or nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and viral replication was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). These results suggested the potential of the EMK cell line for studies of transgene and pathogenesis of SGIV and NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
- College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ya-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shi-Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yang-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nian-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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Wang R, Zhang N, Wang R, Wang S, Wang N. Two skin cell lines from wild-type and albino Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): establishment, characterization, virus susceptibility, efficient transfection, and application to albinism study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1477-1486. [PMID: 28698966 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide an applicable cell platform to study fish pathology and skin pigmentation, two cell lines derived from skin tissues of wild-type and albino Japanese flounder were established and named JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb, respectively. These two cell lines were cultured for 45 passages within approximately 300 days. JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and Ham's F-12 Nutrient Mixture (DMEM/F12) supplemented with antibiotics, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me), N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The optimal growth temperature for JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells was 24 °C, and microscopically, the two cell lines were composed of fibroblast-like cells. Chromosomal analysis revealed that JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells had an identical diploid karyotype with 2n = 48t. Results of viral inoculation assays revealed that both cell lines shared similar patterns of viral susceptibility to nervous necrosis virus (NNV). High transfection efficiency was observed in JFSK_wt and JFSK_alb cells transfected with a pEGFP-N3 reporter plasmid and Cy3-siRNA. The detection of dermal marker Dermo-1 showed that these two cells were both derived from the dermis. Finally, three genes involved in the melanogenesis pathway, including adenylate cyclase type 5 (adcy5), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf), and endothelin B receptor (ednrb), were downregulated in JFSK_alb versus JFSK_wt cells. Thus, the two cell lines, sampled from skin tissue of wild-type and albino Japanese flounder will be not only helpful for fish pathogen research but also beneficial for albinism-related gene function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Nianwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Renkai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
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Black carp vasa identifies embryonic and gonadal germ cells. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 227:231-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-017-0583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li H, Xu W, Zhang N, Shao C, Zhu Y, Dong Z, Wang N, Jia X, Xu H, Chen S. Two Figla homologues have disparate functions during sex differentiation in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Sci Rep 2016; 6:28219. [PMID: 27313147 PMCID: PMC4911598 DOI: 10.1038/srep28219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Figla is a germ-cell-specific transcription factor associated with ovary development and differentiation. In vertebrates, one transcriptional form of Figla is commonly found. However, besides the common form of this gene (named Figla_tv1), a new transcriptional form (named Figla_tv2) was identified in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The full-length cDNA of Figla_tv1 was 1057 bp long with a 591-bp open reading frame encoding a predicted 196 amino acid protein, while Figla_tv2 encoded a 125 amino acid protein. Figla_tv1 and Figla_tv2 expression in various tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. Figla_tv1 was expressed mainly in ovary, skin and liver, while Figla_tv2 was expressed in all examined tissues. In the gonads, Figla_tv1 was expressed in ovary, while Figla_tv2 was predominately expressed in testis of pseudomales. Further, in situ hybridization located Figla_tv1 only in oocytes and Figla_tv2 mainly in germ cells of pseudomale testis. After knocking down Figla_tv2 in a pseudomale testis cell line, the expression of two steroid hormone-encoding genes, StAR and P450scc, was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Figla_tv1 has a conserved function in folliculogenesis, as in other vertebrates, and that Figla_tv2 may have a role in the spermatogenesis of pseudomales by regulating the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, China
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