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Hettiarachchi DU, Alston VN, Bern L, Al-Armanazi J, Su B, Shang M, Wang J, Xing D, Li S, Litvak MK, Dunham RA, Butts IAE. Advancing aquaculture: Production of xenogenic catfish by transplanting blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and channel catfish (I. punctatus) stem cells into white catfish (Ameiurus catus) triploid fry. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302687. [PMID: 38848398 PMCID: PMC11161074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Xenogenesis has been recognized as a prospective method for producing channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus ♀ × blue catfish, I. furcatus ♂ hybrids. The xenogenesis procedure can be achieved by transplanting undifferentiated stem cells derived from a donor fish into a sterile recipient. Xenogenesis for hybrid catfish embryo production has been accomplished using triploid channel catfish as a surrogate. However, having a surrogate species with a shorter maturation period, like white catfish (Ameiurus catus), would result in reduced feed costs, labor costs, and smaller body size requirements, making it a more suitable species for commercial applications where space is limited, and as a model species. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of triploid white catfish as a surrogate species to transplant blue catfish stem cells (BSCs) and channel catfish stem cells (CSCs). Triploid white catfish fry were injected with either BSCs or CSCs labeled with PKH 26 fluorescence dye from 0 to 12 days post hatch (DPH). No significant differences in weight and length of fry were detected among BSCs and CSCs injection times (0 to 12 DPH) when fry were sampled at 45 and 90 DPH (P > 0.05). The highest survival was reported when fry were injected between 4.0 to 5.5 DPH (≥ 81.2%). At 45 and 90 DPH, cell and cluster area increased for recipients injected from 0 to 5.2 DPH, and the highest cluster area values were reported between 4.0 to 5.2 DPH. Thereafter, fluorescent cell and cluster area in the host declined with no further decrease after 10 DPH. At 45 DPH, the highest percentage of xenogens were detected when fry were injected with BSCs between 4.0 to 5.0 and CSCs between 3.0 to 5.0 DPH. At 90 DPH, the highest number of xenogens were detected from 4.0 to 6.0 DPH when injected with either BSCs or CSCs. The current study demonstrated the suitability of white catfish as a surrogate species when BSCs and CSCs were transplanted into triploid white catfish between 4.0 to 6.0 DPH (27.4 ± 0.4°C). Overall, these findings allow enhanced efficiency of commercializing xenogenic catfish carrying gametes of either blue catfish or channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshika Udari Hettiarachchi
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Veronica N. Alston
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Logan Bern
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jacob Al-Armanazi
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mei Shang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jinhai Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - De Xing
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shangjia Li
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Litvak
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Rex A. Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ian A. E. Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Vigoya AAA, Martinez ERM, Digmayer M, de Oliveira MA, Butzge AJ, Rosa IF, Doretto LB, Nóbrega RH. Characterization and enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Theriogenology 2024; 214:233-244. [PMID: 37939542 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a systematically organized process that ensures uninterrupted sperm production in which the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play a crucial role. However, the existing absence of teleost-specific molecular markers for SSCs presents a notable challenge. Herein we characterized phenotypically the spermatogonial stem cells using specific molecular markers and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, we also describe a simple method to suppress common carp spermatogenesis using the combination of Busulfan and thermo-chemical treatment, and finally, we isolate and enrich the undifferentiated spermatogonial fraction. Our results showed that C-kit, GFRα1, and POU2 proteins were expressed by germ cells, meanwhile, undifferentiated spermatogonial populations preferentially expressed GFRα1 and POU2. Moreover, the combination of high temperature (35 °C) and Busulfan (40 mg/kg/BW) effectively suppressed the spermatogenesis of common carp males. Additionally, the amh expression analysis showed differences between the control (26 °C) when compared to 35 °C with a single or two Busulfan doses, confirming that the testes were depleted by the association of Busulfan at high temperatures. In an attempt to isolate the undifferentiated spermatogonial fraction, we used the Percoll discontinuous density gradient. Thus, we successfully dissociated the carp whole testes in different cellular fractions; subsequently, we isolated and enriched the undifferentiated spermatogonial population. Therefore, our results suggest that probably both GFRα-1 and POU2 are highly conserved factors expressed in common carp germinative epithelium and that these molecules were well conserved along the evolutionary process. Furthermore, the enriched undifferentiated spermatogonial population developed here can be used in further germ cell transplantation experiments to preserve and propagate valued and endangered fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A A Vigoya
- Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University, CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, San Martín University Foundation (FUSM), Bogotá, 760030, Colombia
| | - Emanuel R M Martinez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Melanie Digmayer
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Marcos A de Oliveira
- Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University, CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Arno J Butzge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Ivana F Rosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Doretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Rafael H Nóbrega
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 01049-010, Brazil.
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Models and Molecular Markers of Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Vertebrates: To Find Models in Nonmammals. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4755514. [PMID: 35685306 PMCID: PMC9174007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4755514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the germline stem cells that are essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the testis. However, it has not been sufficiently understood in amphibians, reptiles, and fish because numerous studies have been focused mainly on mammals. The aim of this review is to discuss scientific ways to elucidate SSC models of nonmammals in the context of the evolution of testicular organization since rodent SSC models. To further understand the SSC models in nonmammals, we point out common markers of an SSC pool (undifferentiated spermatogonia) in various types of testes where the kinetics of the SSC pool appears. This review includes the knowledge of (1) common molecular markers of vertebrate type A spermatogonia including putative SSC markers, (2) localization of the markers on the spermatogonia that have been reported in previous studies, (3) highlighting the most common markers in vertebrates, and (4) suggesting ways of finding SSC models in nonmammals.
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Sertoli, Leydig, and Spermatogonial Cells’ Specific Gene and Protein Expressions as Dog Testes Evolve from Immature into Mature States. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030271. [PMID: 35158595 PMCID: PMC8833615 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli, Leydig, and spermatogonial cells proliferate and differentiate from birth to puberty and then stay stable in adulthood. We hypothesized that expressions of spermatogenesis-associated genes are not enhanced with a mere increase of these cells’ numbers. To accept this postulation, we investigated the abundances of Sertoli cell-specific FSHR and AMH, Leydig cell-specific LHR and INSL3, and spermatogonia-specific THY1 and CDH1 markers in immature and mature canine testis. Four biological replicates of immature and mature testes were processed, and RT-PCR was performed to elucidate the cells’ specific markers. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, using the 2−∆∆Ct method to ascertain differences in mRNA expressions. In addition, Western blot and IHC were performed. Gene expressions of all the studied cells’ specific markers were down-regulated (p < 0.05) in adult testis compared with immature testis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed the presence of these proteins in the testis. Protein expressions were greater in immature testis compared with mature testis (p < 0.05). Despite the obvious expansion of these cells’ numbers from immature to adult testis, the cells’ specific markers were not enriched in mature testis compared with immature dog testis. The results support the postulation that the gene expressions do not directly correlate with the increase of the cell numbers during post-natal development but changes in gene expressions show functional significance.
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Xie X, Tichopád T, Kislik G, Langerová L, Abaffy P, Šindelka R, Franěk R, Fučíková M, Steinbach C, Shah MA, Šauman I, Chen F, Pšenička M. Isolation and Characterization of Highly Pure Type A Spermatogonia From Sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus) Using Flow-Cytometric Cell Sorting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772625. [PMID: 34957105 PMCID: PMC8708567 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sturgeons are among the most ancient linages of actinopterygians. At present, many sturgeon species are critically endangered. Surrogate production could be used as an affordable and a time-efficient method for endangered sturgeons. Our study established a method for identifying and isolating type A spermatogonia from different developmental stages of testes using flow cytometric cell sorting (FCM). Flow cytometric analysis of a whole testicular cell suspension showed several well-distinguished cell populations formed according to different values of light scatter parameters. FCM of these different cell populations was performed directly on glass slides for further immunocytochemistry to identify germ cells. Results showed that the cell population in gate P1 on a flow cytometry plot (with high forward scatter and high side scatter parameter values) contains the highest amount of type A spermatogonia. The sorted cell populations were characterized by expression profiles of 10 germ cell specific genes. The result confirmed that setting up for the P1 gate could precisely sort type A spermatogonia in all tested testicular developmental stages. The P2 gate, which was with lower forward scatter and side scatter values mostly, contained type B spermatogonia at a later maturing stage. Moreover, expressions of plzf, dnd, boule, and kitr were significantly higher in type A spermatogonia than in later developed germ cells. In addition, plzf was firstly found as a reliable marker to identify type A spermatogonia, which filled the gap of identification of spermatogonial stem cells in sterlet. It is expected to increase the efficiency of germ stem cell culture and transplantation with plzf identification. Our study thus first addressed a phenotypic characterization of a pure type A spermatogonia population in sterlet. FCM strategy can improve the production of sturgeons with surrogate broodstock and further the analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sturgeon germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xie
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Tichopád
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Galina Kislik
- Imaging Methods Core Facility at BIOCEV, Operated by Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Lucie Langerová
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Radek Šindelka
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Roman Franěk
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Michaela Fučíková
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Mujahid Ali Shah
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Ivo Šauman
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czechia.,University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Pšenička
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
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6
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Abualreesh M, Myers JN, Gurbatow J, Johnson A, Xing D, Wang J, Li S, Coogan M, Vo K, El Husseini N, Dunham RA, Butts IAE. Development of a spermatogonia cryopreservation protocol for blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus. Cryobiology 2020; 97:46-52. [PMID: 33058900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus ♀ × blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus ♂ hybrid aquaculture relies on new innovative technologies to maximize fry output. Transplanting spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from blue catfish into channel catfish hosts has the potential to greatly increase gamete availability and improve hybrid catfish fry outputs. Cryopreservation would make these cells readily accessible for xenogenesis, but a freezing protocol for blue catfish testicular tissues has not yet been fully developed. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to identify the best permeating [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol, methanol] and non-permeating (lactose or trehalose with egg yolk or BSA) cryoprotectants, their optimal concentrations, and the best freezing rates (-0.5, -1.0, -5.0, -10 °C/min until -80 °C) that yield the highest number of viable type A spermatogonia cells. Results showed that all of these factors had significant impacts on post-thaw cell production and viability. DMSO was the most efficient permeating cryoprotectant at a concentration of 1.0 M. The optimal concentration of each cryoprotectant depended on the specific cryoprotectant due to interactions between the two factors. Of the non-permeating cryoprotectants, 0.2 M lactose with egg yolk consistently improved type A spermatogonia production and viability beyond that of the 1.0 M DMSO control. The overall best freezing rate was consistent at -1 °C/min, but similar results were obtained using -0.5 °C/min. Overall, we recommend cryopreserving blue catfish testicular tissues in 1.0 M DMSO with 0.2 M lactose and egg yolk at a rate of either -0.5 or -1 °C/min to achieve the best cryopreservation outcomes. Continued development of cryopreservation protocols for blue catfish and other species will make spermatogonia available for xenogenic applications and genetic improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyassar Abualreesh
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jaelen N Myers
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jeremy Gurbatow
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Andrew Johnson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - De Xing
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jinhai Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Shangjia Li
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Michael Coogan
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Khoi Vo
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Aquaculture and Technology, Can Tho Technical Economic College, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Nour El Husseini
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ian A E Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Dias GCM, Batlouni SR, Cassel M, Chehade C, De Jesus LWO, Branco GS, Camargo MP, Borella MI. Isolation, in vitro study, and stem cell markers for type A spermatogonia in a Characiformes species. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:783-799. [PMID: 32557886 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for the characterization, isolation, and culture of type A spermatogonia using specific molecular markers for these cells in fish. To this end, adult Prochilodus lineatus testes were collected and digested enzymatically and the resulting testicular suspension was separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient, followed by differential plating. The cell cultures obtained were monitored for 15 days and analyzed using the immunofluorescence method with anti-Vasa, anti-GFRα1, and anti-OCT4 antibodies. Spermatogonial enrichment was also performed using flow cytometry. Although discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by differential plating enabled the removal of differentiated germ cells and somatic cells, enriching the pool of type A spermatogonia, the enrichment of type A spermatogonia through flow cytometry of samples without Percoll proved to be more efficient. Prominent cell agglomerates that were characterized according to different stem cell markers as type A spermatogonia were observed during the 15 days of the cell culture. The use of immunoperoxidase and western blot analysis methods confirmed the specificity of the markers for type A spermatogonia of P. lineatus. When combined with specific cell culture conditions, the positive characterization of these molecular markers clarified certain aspects of spermatogonial regulation, such as survival and proliferation. Finally, understanding the regulation of the in vitro germ cell maintenance process may contribute to the enhancement of in vivo and in vitro reproduction techniques of endangered or aquaculture fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele C M Dias
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R Batlouni
- Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cassel
- Department of Education - Bachelor of Science in Animal Science, Mato Grosso Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Alta Floresta, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Chayrra Chehade
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lázaro W O De Jesus
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Morphophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Giovana S Branco
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília P Camargo
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I Borella
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xie X, Nóbrega R, Pšenička M. Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Fish: Characterization, Isolation, Enrichment, and Recent Advances of In Vitro Culture Systems. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E644. [PMID: 32331205 PMCID: PMC7226347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a continuous and dynamic developmental process, in which a single diploid spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferates and differentiates to form a mature spermatozoon. Herein, we summarize the accumulated knowledge of SSCs and their distribution in the testes of teleosts. We also reviewed the primary endocrine and paracrine influence on spermatogonium self-renewal vs. differentiation in fish. To provide insight into techniques and research related to SSCs, we review available protocols and advances in enriching undifferentiated spermatogonia based on their unique physiochemical and biochemical properties, such as size, density, and differential expression of specific surface markers. We summarize in vitro germ cell culture conditions developed to maintain proliferation and survival of spermatogonia in selected fish species. In traditional culture systems, sera and feeder cells were considered to be essential for SSC self-renewal, in contrast to recently developed systems with well-defined media and growth factors to induce either SSC self-renewal or differentiation in long-term cultures. The establishment of a germ cell culture contributes to efficient SSC propagation in rare, endangered, or commercially cultured fish species for use in biotechnological manipulation, such as cryopreservation and transplantation. Finally, we discuss organ culture and three-dimensional models for in vitro investigation of fish spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xie
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic;
| | - Rafael Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil;
| | - Martin Pšenička
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic;
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9
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The regulatory elements of PLZF gene are not conserved as reveled by molecular cloning and functional characterization of PLZF gene promoter of Clarias batrachus. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Duangkaew R, Jangprai A, Ichida K, Yoshizaki G, Boonanuntanasarn S. Characterization and expression of a vasa homolog in the gonads and primordial germ cells of the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Theriogenology 2019; 131:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Lacerda SMSN, Martinez ERM, Mura ILDD, Doretto LB, Costa GMJ, Silva MA, Digmayer M, Nóbrega RH, França LR. Duration of spermatogenesis and identification of spermatogonial stem cell markers in a Neotropical catfish, Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:249-259. [PMID: 30391241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a process driven by stem cell, where germ cell cycle is under the control of a specific genotype species. Considering that Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) is a Neotropical catfish with great economical importance and useful experimental model, little information is available on basic aspects of its reproductive biology, especially on spermatogenesis. As a result, this study aimed to characterize the male germ cells, estimate the duration of spermatogenesis and evaluate the expression of selected stem cell genes in Jundiá testis. Similar to other fish species, our results showed a remarkable decrease of germ cell nuclear volume during Jundiá spermatogenesis, particularly from type A undifferentiated to late type B spermatogonia and from diplotene to late spermatids. Using a S-phase marker, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), the combined duration of meiotic and spermiogenic phases in this species was estimated in approximately 7 days. This is considered very short when compared to mammals, where spermatogenesis last from 30 to 74 days. Selected stem cell genes were partially sequenced and characterized in Jundiá testis. Expression analysis showed higher plzf and pou5f3 mRNA levels in the cell fractions enriched by type A undifferentiated spermatogonia. These results were further confirmed by in situ hybridization that showed strong signal of plzf and pou5f3 mRNA in type A undifferentiated spermatogonia. Altogether, these information will expand our knowledge of the reproductive biology of this species, contributing to improve its production and management, and also for biotechnological applications, such as germ cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M S N Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E R M Martinez
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I L D D Mura
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L B Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G M J Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M A Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M Digmayer
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L R França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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12
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Identification of type A spermatogonia in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) using a new cell-surface marker of Lymphocyte antigen 75 (ly75/CD205). Theriogenology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Shang M, Su B, Perera DA, Alsaqufi A, Lipke EA, Cek S, Dunn DA, Qin Z, Peatman E, Dunham RA. Testicular germ line cell identification, isolation, and transplantation in two North American catfish species. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:717-733. [PMID: 29357082 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to transplant blue catfish germ line stem cells into blastulae of triploid channel catfish embryos to produce interspecific xenogenic catfish. The morphological structure of the gonads of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) in ~ 90- to 100-day-old juveniles, two-year-old juveniles, and mature adults was studied histologically. Both oogonia (12-15 μm, diameter with distinct nucleus 7-8 μm diameter) and spermatogonia (12-15 μm, with distinct nucleus 6-7.5 μm diameter) were found in all ages of fish. The percentage of germ line stem cells was higher in younger blue catfish of both sexes. After the testicular tissue was trypsinized, a discontinuous density gradient centrifugation was performed using 70, 45, and 35% Percoll to enrich the percentage of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Four distinct cell bands were generated after the centrifugation. It was estimated that 50% of the total cells in the top band were type A spermatogonia (diameter 12-15 μm) and type B spermatogonia (diameter 10-11 μm). Germ cells were confirmed with expression of vasa. Blastula-stage embryos of channel catfish (I. punctatus) were injected with freshly dissociated blue catfish testicular germ cells as donor cells for transplantation. Seventeen days after the transplantation, 33.3% of the triploid channel catfish fry were determined to be xenogenic catfish. This transplantation technique was efficient, and these xenogenic channel catfish need to be grown to maturity to verify their reproductive capacity and to verify that for the first time SSCs injected into blastulae were able to migrate to the genital ridge and colonize. These results open the possibility of artificially producing xenogenic channel catfish males that can produce blue catfish sperm and mate with normal channel catfish females naturally. The progeny would be all C × B hybrid catfish, and the efficiency of hybrid catfish production could be improved tremendously in the catfish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Dayan A Perera
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- School of Agriculture, Fisheries and Human Sciences, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, 71601, USA
| | - Ahmed Alsaqufi
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Aquaculture and Animal Production, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sehriban Cek
- Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, İskenderun/Hatay, Turkey
| | - David A Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Production of fertile sperm from in vitro propagating enriched spermatogonial stem cells of farmed catfish, Clarias batrachus. ZYGOTE 2016; 24:814-824. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199416000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SummarySpermatogenesis is a highly co-ordinated and complex process. In vitro propagation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) could provide an avenue in which to undertake in vivo studies of spermatogenesis. Very little information is known about the SSC biology of teleosts. In this study, collagenase-treated testicular cells of farmed catfish (Clarias batrachus, popularly known as magur) were purified by Ficoll gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic activated cell sorting using Thy1.2 (CD90.2) antibody to enrich for the spermatogonial cell population. The sorted spermatogonial cells were counted and gave ~3 × 106 cells from 6 × 106 pre-sorted cells. The purified cells were cultured in vitro for >2 months in L-15 medium containing fetal bovine serum (10%), carp serum (1%) and other supplements. Microscopic observations depicted typical morphological SSC features, bearing a larger nuclear compartment (with visible perinuclear bodies) within a thin rim of cytoplasm. Cells proliferated in vitro forming clumps/colonies. mRNA expression profiling by qPCR documented that proliferating cells were Plzf + and Pou2+, indicative of stem cells. From 60 days onwards of cultivation, the self-renewing population differentiated to produce spermatids (~6 × 107 on day 75). In vitro-produced sperm (2260 sperm/SSC) were free swimming in medium and hence motile (non-progressive) in nature. Of those, 2% were capable of fertilizing and generated healthy diploid fingerlings. Our documented evidence provides the basis for producing fertile magur sperm in vitro from cultured magur SSCs. Our established techniques of SSC propagation and in vitro sperm production together should trigger future in vivo experiments towards basic and applied biology research.
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