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Pannetier P, Cachot J, Clérandeau C, Faure F, Van Arkel K, de Alencastro LF, Levasseur C, Sciacca F, Bourgeois JP, Morin B. Toxicity assessment of pollutants sorbed on environmental sample microplastics collected on beaches: Part I-adverse effects on fish cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:1088-1097. [PMID: 30871891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), are tiny plastic fragments from 1 μm to 5 mm generally found in the aquatic environment which can be easily ingested by organisms and may cause chronic physical but also toxicological effects. Toxicological assays on fish cell lines are commonly used as an alternative tool to provide fast and reliable assessment of the toxic and ecotoxic properties of chemicals or mixtures. Rainbow trout liver cell line (RTLW-1) was used to evaluate the toxicity of pollutants sorbed to MPs sampled in sandy beaches from different islands around the world during the first Race for Water Odyssey in 2015. The collected MPs were analyzed for polymer composition and associated persistent organic pollutants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). In addition, DMSO-extracts from virgin MPs, MPs artificially coated with B[a]P and environmental MPs were analyzed with different bioassays: MTT reduction assay (MTT), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay and comet assay. Microplastics from sand beaches were dominated by polyethylene, followed by polypropylene fragments with variable proportions. Organic pollutants found on plastic from beach sampling was PAHs (2-71 ng g-1). Samples from Bermuda (Somerset Long Bay) and Hawaii (Makapu'u) showed the highest concentration of PAHs and DDT respectively. No toxicity was observed for virgin microplastics. No cytotoxicity was observed on cells exposed to MP extract. However, EROD activity was induced and differently modulated depending on the MPs locations suggesting presence of different pollutants or additives in extract. DNA damage was observed after exposure to four microplastics samples on the six tested. Modification of EROD activity level and DNA damage rate highlight MPs extract toxicity on fish cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400, Talence, France
| | | | - Florian Faure
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Van Arkel
- Race for Water Foundation, Lausanne, 1007, Switzerland
| | - Luiz F de Alencastro
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clément Levasseur
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jean-Pascal Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Effects of Temperatures and Basal Media on Primary Culture of the Blastomeres Derived from the Embryos at Blastula Stage in Marine Medaka Oryzias dancena. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Pannetier P, Fuster L, Clérandeau C, Lacroix C, Gourves PY, Cachot J, Morin B. Usefulness of RTL-W1 and OLCAB-e3 fish cell lines and multiple endpoint measurements for toxicity evaluation of unknown or complex mixture of chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:40-48. [PMID: 29268113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish are currently used for the assessment of chemical toxicity. The REACh regulation and the European directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes both recommend the use of methods other than animal testing. In view of this, fish cell lines are increasingly used to provide fast and reliable toxic and ecotoxic data on new chemicals. The sensitivity of the Rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1 and Japanese medaka embryos cell line OLCAB-e3 were used with different toxicity endpoints, namely cytotoxicity, EROD activity, ROS production and DNA damage for various classes of pollutants displaying different modes of action but also with complex environmental mixtures. Toxicity tests were coupled with chemical analysis to quantify the chemical concentrations in cell cultures. Differences in sensitivity were found between fish cell lines. MTT reduction assay revealed that OLCAB-e3 cells were more sensitive than RTL-W1 cells. On the contrary, RTL-W1 gave higher response levels for the Fpg-modified comet assay and ROS assay. The OLCAB-e3 cell line did not express EROD activity unlike RTL-W1. This study highlights the capacity of the two different fish cell lines to measure the toxicity of individual toxicants but also environmental mixtures. Then, results obtained here illustrate the interest of using different cell lines and toxicity endpoints to assess the toxicity of complex or unknown mixture of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Fuster
- Univ, Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Camille Lacroix
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ, Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
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