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Flerova EA, Yurchenko VV, Morozov AA, Evdokimov EG, Bogdanova AA, Alekseev MY, Sendek DS, Titov SF. Histology and Ultrastructure of the Nephron and Kidney Interstitial Cells in the Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus 1758) at Different Stages of Life Cycle. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050750. [PMID: 37237562 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article presents data on the mesonephros histology and ultrastructure in the Atlantic salmon from the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea populations, with an emphasis on comparisons between the following ontogenetic stages: parr, smolting, adult life at sea, the adults' return to their natal river to spawn, and spawning. The ultrastructural changes in the renal corpuscle and cells of the proximal tubules of the nephron occurred as early as the smolting stage. Such changes reflect fundamental alterations during the pre-adaptation to life in saltwater. In the Barents Sea population, the adult salmon sampled in the sea had the smallest diameters of the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal tubules, the most narrow urinary space, and the thickest basement membrane. In the group of salmon that entered the mouth of the river and spent less than 24 h in freshwater, the structural rearrangements occurred only in the distal tubules. Better development of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a greater abundance of mitochondria in the tubule cells were observed in the adult salmon from the Barents Sea compared to those from the Baltic Sea. Cell-immunity activation was initiated during the parr-smolt transformation. Another pronounced innate-immunity response was registered in the adults returning to the river to spawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Flerova
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St. 14, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Victoria V Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, IBIW 109, Borok 152742, Russia
| | - Alexey A Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, IBIW 109, Borok 152742, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Evdokimov
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St. 14, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Alena A Bogdanova
- Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production-Federal State Budget Sciences Institution "Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology", Lenin St. 1, Mikhailovskiy, Yaroslavl 157517, Russia
| | - Maksim Yu Alekseev
- Polar Branch of FSBSI "VNIRO" ("PINRO" Named after N.M. Knipovich), 6 Akademika Knipovicha St., Murmansk 183038, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Sendek
- Federal Agency for Fishery, Russian Federal "Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" "VNIRO", Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO ("GosNIORKH" Named after L.S. Berg), Naberezhnaya Makarova St. 26, St. Petersburg 199053, Russia
| | - Sergey F Titov
- Federal Agency for Fishery, Russian Federal "Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" "VNIRO", Saint Petersburg Branch of VNIRO ("GosNIORKH" Named after L.S. Berg), Naberezhnaya Makarova St. 26, St. Petersburg 199053, Russia
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Shwe A, Krasnov A, Visnovska T, Ramberg S, Østbye TKK, Andreassen R. Differential Expression of miRNAs and Their Predicted Target Genes Indicates That Gene Expression in Atlantic Salmon Gill Is Post-Transcriptionally Regulated by miRNAs in the Parr-Smolt Transformation and Adaptation to Sea Water. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158831. [PMID: 35955964 PMCID: PMC9369087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoltification (parr-smolt transformation) is a complex developmental process consisting of developmental changes that lead to remodeling of the Atlantic salmon gill. Here, the expression changes of miRNAs and mRNAs were studied by small-RNA sequencing and microarray analysis, respectively, to identify miRNAs and their predicted targets associated with smoltification and subsequent sea water adaptation (SWA). In total, 18 guide miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed (gDE miRNAs). Hierarchical clustering analysis of expression changes divided these into one cluster of 13 gDE miRNAs with decreasing expression during smoltification and SWA that included the miRNA-146, miRNA-30 and miRNA-7132 families. Another smaller cluster that showed increasing expression consisted of miR-101a-3p, miR-193b-5p, miR-499a-5p, miR-727a-3p and miR-8159-5p. The gDE miRNAs were predicted to target 747 of the genes (DE mRNAs), showing expression changes in the microarray analysis. The predicted targets included genes encoding NKA-subunits, aquaporin-subunits, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the solute carrier family. Furthermore, the predicted target genes were enriched in biological processes associated with smoltification and SWA (e.g., immune system, reactive oxygen species, stress response and extracellular matrix organization). Collectively, the results indicate that remodeling of the gill involves the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by the characterized gDE miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shwe
- Department of Life Science and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Tina Visnovska
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Ramberg
- Department of Life Science and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari K. Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Science and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Lahnsteiner F. Seasonal differences in thermal stress susceptibility of diploid and triploid brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Teleostei, Pisces). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:276-288. [PMID: 35633147 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many physiological processes of teleost fish show periodicity due to intrinsic rhythms. It may be hypothesized that also susceptibility to thermal stress differs seasonally. To shed more light on this problem the following experiment was conducted. Diploid and triploid Salvelinus fontinalis were kept at an acclimation temperature of 9°C and at a natural photoperiod typical for the Northern Hemisphere during their entire live. During eight different periods of the year, different subgroups were exposed to a 32 day lasting thermal stress of 20°C. Rate of fish maintaining equilibrium, daily growth rate, condition factor, viscerosomatic index and hepato-somatic index were measured. Complementary mRNA expression of genes characterizing growth (GHR1, GHR2), proteolysis (Protreg, Protα5), stress (Hsp47, Hsp90) and respiratory energy metabolism (ATPJ52) was determined. Seasonal differences in thermal stress susceptibility of 2n and 3n S. fontinalis were detected. It was highest from September to December and moderate from January to March. During the remaining period of the year, susceptibility to thermal stress was minimal. Increased thermal stress susceptibility was related to decreased rates of fish maintaining equilibrium, decreased growth rates, reduction of viscera and liver mass and changes in mRNA expression of genes characterizing proteolysis, growth, respiratory energy metabolism and stress. The differences in seasonal stress susceptibility were minor between 2n and 3n S. fontinalis. The data are valuable for ecology and fish culture to identify periods when animals are most susceptible to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Lahnsteiner
- Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for Water Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research, Mondsee, Austria
- Fishfarm Kreuzstein, Unterach, Austria
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Flerova E, Yurchenko VV, Sapozhnikova YP, Sendek DS, Titov SF, Morozov A. Microanatomy and ultrastructure of kidney interstitial cells and nephron in brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) at different stages of the life cycle. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study focuses on the microanatomy and ultrastructural changes in the trunk kidney interstitium cells and nephrons in parr, smolt and spawning brown trout Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 sampled in Luga River and Solka River, the tributaries of the Baltic Sea. Regardless of the type of cells or their structure, there were changes in their areas and the number and structure of organelles responsible for the transport, synthetic and energetic function of cells. Our data on the morphology of the nephron combined with data on its physiology suggest a fundamental change in kidney function during the parr-smolt transformation before migration; this could be a preadaptation for a successful life in saltwater where urine output is sharply reduced. Thus, detected structural features of the trunk kidney in brown trout S. trutta are cytological markers of the migration process. The numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils with segmented nuclei increased from parr to smolts and then to spawners; only monotypic specific granules in neutrophils were found in smolts and spawners. Cells with radially arranged vesicles were described for the first time in brown trout S. trutta renal interstitium. Their origin has not yet been established. The shape of these cells changed from spherical to trihedral during fish maturation. All the above ultrastructural changes of renal interstitium cells could be considered cytological markers of cell maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Flerova
- Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production – Federal State Budget Sciences Institution “Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology”, livestock technology, Lenin St. 1, Mikhailovskiy, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, 157517,
- P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Sovetskaya St. 14, Yaroslav, Russian Federation, 150003,
| | - Victoria V. Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, IBIW 109, Borok, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, 152742
| | - Yulia P. Sapozhnikova
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 204334, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S. Sendek
- Federal Agency for Fishery, Russian Federal “Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography” “VNIRO”, Saint Petersburg brunch of VNIRO, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey F. Titov
- Federal Agency for Fishery, Russian Federal “Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography” “VNIRO”, Saint Petersburg brunch of VNIRO , St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Morozov
- I.D. Papanin Institute of the Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russian Federation
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Nemova NN, Kantserova NP, Lysenko LA. The Traits of Protein Metabolism in
the Skeletal Muscle of Teleost Fish. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kantserova NP, Churova MV, Lysenko LA, Tushina ED, Rodin MA, Krupnova MY, Sukhovskaya IV. Effect of Hyperthermia on Proteases and Growth Regulators in the Skeletal Muscle of Cultivated Rainbow Trout O. mykiss. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lysenko LA, Kantserova NP, Kaivarainen EI, Krupnova MY, Nemova NN. Skeletal muscle protease activities in the early growth and development of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 211:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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