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Zhang Y, Lv M, Jiang H, Li H, Li R, Yang C, Huang Y, Zhou H, Mei Y, Gao J, Cao X. Mitotic defects lead to unreduced sperm formation in cdk1 -/- mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125171. [PMID: 37271265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unreduced gametes, that are important for species evolution and agricultural development, are generally believed to be formed by meiotic defects. However, we found that male diploid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) could produce not only haploid sperms, but also unreduced sperms, after cyclin-dependent kinase 1 gene (cdk1, one of the most important kinases in regulating cell mitosis) deletion. Observations on synaptonemal complexes of spermatocyte in prophase of meiosis and spermatogonia suggested that the number of chromosomes in some spermatogonia of cdk1-/- loach doubled, leading to unreduced diploid sperm production. Then, transcriptome analysis revealed aberrant expressions of some cell cycle-related genes (such as ppp1c and gadd45) in spermatogonia of cdk1-/- loach relative to wild-type loach. An in vitro and in vivo experiment further validated that Cdk1 deletion in diploid loach resulted in mitotic defects, leading to unreduced diploid sperm formation. In addition, we found that cdk1-/- zebrafish could also produce unreduced diploid sperms. This study provides important information on revealing the molecular mechanisms behind unreduced gamete formation through mitotic defects, and lays the foundation for a novel strategy for fish polyploidy creation by using cdk1 mutants to produce unreduced sperms, which can then be used to obtain polyploidy, proposed to benefit aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei, China
| | - Meiqi Lv
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanjun Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rongyun Li
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - He Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yihui Mei
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Hubei, China.
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Wang J, Wang W, Li J, Zhang Y, Luo K, Han L, Xiang C, Chai M, Luo Z, Zhao R, Liu S. Formation of the synaptonemal complex in a gynogenetic allodiploid hybrid fish. Front Genet 2023; 14:998775. [PMID: 36923790 PMCID: PMC10009232 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.998775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The correct pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is crucial to ensure both genetic stability and genetic diversity within species. In allodiploid organisms, synapsis often fails, leading to sterility. However, a gynogenetic allodiploid hybrid clone line (GDH), derived by crossing red crucian carp (Carassius auratus ♀) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio ♂), stably produces diploid eggs. Because the GDH line carries 100 chromosomes with 50 chromosomes from the red crucian carp (RCC; ♀, 2n = 2x = 100) and 50 chromosomes from the common carp (CC; C. carpio L., ♂, 2n = 2x = 100), it is interesting to study the mechanisms of homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis in GDH individuals. Methods: By using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a probe specific to the red crucian carp to label homologous chromosomes, we identified the synaptonemal complex via immunofluorescence assay of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3). Results: FISH results indicated that, during early ovarian development, the GDH oogonium had two sets of chromosomes with only one set from Carassius auratus, leading to the failure formation of normal bivalents and the subsequently blocking of meiosis. This inhibition lasted at least 5 months. After this long period of inhibition, pairs of germ cells fused, doubling the chromosomes such that the oocyte contained two sets of chromosomes from each parent. After chromosome doubling at 10 months old, homologous chromosomes and the synaptonemal complex were identified. Discussion: Causally, meiosis proceeded normally and eventually formed diploid germ cells. These results further clarify the mechanisms by which meiosis proceeds in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaikun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Linmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Caixia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziye Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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3
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Reid CH, Patrick PH, Rytwinski T, Taylor JJ, Willmore WG, Reesor B, Cooke SJ. An updated review of cold shock and cold stress in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1102-1137. [PMID: 35285021 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is critical in regulating virtually all biological functions in fish. Low temperature stress (cold shock/stress) is an often-overlooked challenge that many fish face as a result of both natural events and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we present an updated review of the cold shock literature based on a comprehensive literature search, following an initial review on the subject by M.R. Donaldson and colleagues, published in a 2008 volume of this journal. We focus on how knowledge on cold shock and fish has evolved over the past decade, describing advances in the understanding of the generalized stress response in fish under cold stress, what metrics may be used to quantify cold stress and what knowledge gaps remain to be addressed in future research. We also describe the relevance of cold shock as it pertains to environmental managers, policymakers and industry professionals, including practical applications of cold shock. Although substantial progress has been made in addressing some of the knowledge gaps identified a decade ago, other topics (e.g., population-level effects and interactions between primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses) have received little or no attention despite their significance to fish biology and thermal stress. Approaches using combinations of primary, secondary and tertiary stress responses are crucial as a research priority to better understand the mechanisms underlying cold shock responses, from short-term physiological changes to individual- and population-level effects, thereby providing researchers with better means of quantifying cold shock in laboratory and field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Trina Rytwinski
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica J Taylor
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Peng L, Fu W, Wu X, He S, Zhao H, Liu J, Liu W, Xiao Y. Bisexual Fertile Triploid Zebrafish (Danio rerio): a Rare Case. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:443-455. [PMID: 32307628 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that artificially induced triploid zebrafish are exclusively male-biased. Owing to greatly inhibited gonadal development for the artificially induced triploid fish, they are regarded to be sterile in general. In this article, partially fertile bisexual triploid zebrafish are produced by suppressing extrusion of the second polar body by heat shock. Histological observation confirms that the early gonadal development of these triploid zebrafish is normal. Backcrossing and self-crossing are used to demonstrate that both the female and male triploid zebrafish have partial reproductive ability. Their dynamic of chromosomes during meiosis is revealed from the chromosome preparations of gonads. Examination of the expressed gonadal development-related genes shows some molecular evidence of the normal gonadal development in the triploid zebrafish. Clearly, these fertile bisexual triploid zebrafish can provide a unique system to study sex determination, as well as aneuploidy associated human diseases such as infertility and pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Li W, Tan H, Liu J, Hu J, Cui J, Wang S, Liu Q, Hu F, Ren L, Tao M, Zhao R, Yang C, Qin Q, Liu S. Comparative analysis of testis transcriptomes associated with male infertility in triploid cyprinid fish. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:248-260. [PMID: 30086823 DOI: 10.1071/rd18034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves a series of cellular transformations and thousands of regulated genes. Previously, we showed that the triploid fish (3nBY) cannot produce mature spermatozoa. In the present study, evaluation of the testis microstructure revealed that germ cells of 3nBY could develop into round spermatids, but then degenerated, resulting in male infertility. In this study we comparatively analysed the testis transcriptomes from 3nBY and its diploid parent YB and identified a series of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway and the apoptotic and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis processes in 3nBY. Gene ontology functional analyses revealed that some DEGs in 3nBY were directly associated with the process of gamete generation, development and sperm flagellum assembly. In addition, the expression of a number of genes related to meiosis (Inhibitor Of DNA Binding 2 (ID2), Ovo Like Transcriptional Repressor 1 (OVOL1)), mitochondria (ATP1b (ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Beta 1), ATP2a (ATPase, Ca++ Transporting, Cardiac Muscle, Slow Twitch 2), ATP5a (ATP Synthase F1 Subunit Alpha), Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COX1), NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 (ND4)) and chromatin structure (Histone 1 (H1), Histone 2a (H2A), Histone 2b (H2B), Histone 3 (H3), Histone 4 (H4)) was lower in the testes of 3nBY, whereas the expression of genes encoding ubiquitin (Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes (UBEs), Ring Finger Proteins (RNFs)) and apoptosis (CASPs (Caspase 3, Caspase 7,Caspase 8), BCLs (B-Cell Lymphoma 3, B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2, B Cell CLL/Lymphoma 10)) proteins involved in spermatid degeneration was higher. These data suggest that the disrupted expression of genes associated with spermatogenesis and the increased expression of mitochondrial ubiquitin, which initiates cell apoptosis, may result in spermatid degeneration in male 3nBY. This study provides information regarding the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying male infertility in polyploid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qinbo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
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6
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Li W, Liu J, Tan H, Luo L, Cui J, Hu J, Wang S, Liu Q, Hu F, Tang C, Ren L, Yang C, Zhao R, Tao M, Zhang C, Qin Q, Liu S. Asymmetric expression patterns reveal a strong maternal effect and dosage compensation in polyploid hybrid fish. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:517. [PMID: 29969984 PMCID: PMC6030793 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hybridization and polyploidization are regarded as the major driving forces in plant speciation, diversification, and ecological adaptation. Our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of duplicated-gene regulation following genomic merging or doubling is primarily derived from plants and is sparse for vertebrates. Results We successfully obtained an F1 generation (including allodiploid hybrids and triploid hybrids) from female Megalobrama amblycephala Yih (BSB, 2n = 48) × male Xenocypri davidi Bleeker (YB, 2n = 48). The duplicated-gene expression patterns of the two types of hybrids were explored using RNA-Seq data. In total, 5.44 × 108 (69.32 GB) clean reads and 499,631 assembled unigenes were obtained from the testis transcriptomes. The sequence similarity analysis of 4265 orthologs revealed that the merged genomes were dominantly expressed in different ploidy hybrids. The differentially expressed genes in the two types of hybrids were asymmetric compared with those in both parents. Furthermore, the genome-wide expression level dominance (ELD) was biased toward the maternal BSB genome in both the allodiploid and triploid hybrids. In addition, the dosage-compensation mechanisms that reduced the triploid expression levels to the diploid state were determined in the triploid hybrids. Conclusions Our results indicate that divergent genomes undergo strong interactions and domination in allopolyploid offspring. Genomic merger has a greater effect on the gene-expression patterns than genomic doubling. The various expression mechanisms (including maternal effect and dosage compensation) in different ploidy hybrids suggest that the initial genomic merger and doubling play important roles in polyploidy adaptation and evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4883-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinbo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal university, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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