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Santos TP, da Silva Bastos PE, da Silva JF, de Medeiros Vieira SM, da Silva MCG, de Andrade ALC, Padilha RMO, Dos Santos Magnabosco AR, Cadena MRS, Cadena PG. Single and joint toxic effects of thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, and amiodarone on embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:525-535. [PMID: 37119427 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates single and joint endocrine disruptor toxicities of thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, and amiodarone in the embryo-larval stages of Danio rerio. Single toxicity experiments were carried out in concentrations based on the environmental concentration and increasing concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 times the environmental concentration. Joint toxicity experiments evaluated the combined effects of these compounds. Toxic effects were examined during zebrafish embryonic development, and the parameters analyzed were apical sublethal, teratogenicity, mortality endpoints, and morphometry. Thyroid hormone exhibited the highest toxicity. However, the results showed that the environmental concentrations for all 3 compounds had low risk in relation to the parameters studied, such as teratogenic effects and morphometry. The larvae were more affected than embryos, where embryos needed higher concentrations in all experiments, possibly due to the absence of the chorion. The same type of effects were observed in the joint toxicity test, except that a possible antagonistic effect was detected. However, high concentrations showed stronger effects of these toxic compounds on fish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Pinheiro Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo da Silva Bastos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jadson Freitas da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Stefânia Maria de Medeiros Vieira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marília Cordeiro Galvão da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André Lucas Corrêa de Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renata Meireles Oliveira Padilha
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Dos Santos Magnabosco
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marilia Ribeiro Sales Cadena
- Departamento de Biologia (DB), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pabyton Gonçalves Cadena
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Boran F, Güngördü A. Biochemical and developmental effects of thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs on different early life stages of Xenopus laevis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103738. [PMID: 34492396 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two drugs containing the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine (LEV) and an anti-thyroid drug containing propylthiouracil (PTU) on the three early life stages of Xenopus laevis were evaluated with the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus, Tadpole Toxicity Test, and Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay using biochemical and morphological markers. Tested drugs caused more effective growth retardation in stage 8 embryos than stage 46 tadpoles. Significant inhibition of biomarker enzymes has been identified in stage 46 tadpoles for both drugs. AMA test results showed that LEV-I caused progression in the developmental stage and an increase in thyroxine level in 7 days exposure and growth retardation in 21 days exposure in stage 51 tadpoles. On the other hand, increases in lactate dehydrogenase activity for both drugs in the AMA test may be due to impacted energy metabolism during sub-chronic exposure. These results also show that the sensitivity and responses of Xenopus laevis at different early developmental stages may be different when exposed to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Boran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abbas Güngördü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
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