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Wang J, Shi R, Yang Q, Chen Z, Wang J, Gong Z, Chen S, Wang N. Characterization and potential function of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) in Cynoglossus semilaevis sexual size dimorphism. Gene X 2023; 853:147089. [PMID: 36470484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical sexual size dimorphism (SSD) phenomenon of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) seriously restricts the sustainable development of the fishing industry. Previous transcriptome analysis has found a close relationship between the steroid biosynthesis and C. semilaevis SSD. The 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) are two genes in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, playing important roles in lipid synthesis, cellular metabolism, and growth. The present study assessed their roles in the mechanism of C. semilaevis SSD. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that C. semilaevis dhcr7 was mainly expressed in female livers, and C. semilaevis sc5d was highly expressed in female livers and gonads. Dual-luciferase experiment showed that dhcr7 and sc5d promoters had strong transcriptional activity. The transcription factors E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) significantly regulated the transcriptional activity of dhcr7 and sc5d promoters, respectively. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown results showed that expression levels of several genes [SREBF chaperone (scap), membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (mbtps1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), sonic hedgehog (shh), bone morphogenetic protein 2b (bmp2b) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (akt1)] were suppressed. Protein subcellular localization results indicated that Dhcr7 and Sc5d were both specifically distributed in the cytoplasm, with co-localization been observed. The present study provides evidence that dhcr7 and sc5d might regulate C. semilaevis sexual size dimorphism by involving in energy homeostasis and cell cycle, or by affecting PI3K-Akt and Shh signaling pathways. The detailed roles of these steroid biosynthesis genes regulating C. semilaevis SSD needed more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangfan Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Hong TI, Hwang KS, Choi TI, Kleinau G, Scheerer P, Bang JK, Jung SH, Kim CH. Zebrafish Bioassay for Screening Therapeutic Candidates Based on Melanotrophic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9313. [PMID: 34502223 PMCID: PMC8431389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the zebrafish animal model to establish a bioassay by which physiological efficacy differential of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues could be measured by melanosome dispersion in zebrafish larvae. Brain-skin connection research has purported the interconnectedness between the nervous system and skin physiology. Accordingly, the neuropeptide α-MSH is a key regulator in several physiological processes, such as skin pigmentation in fish. In mammals, α-MSH has been found to regulate motivated behavior, appetite, and emotion, including stimulation of satiety and anxiety. Several clinical and animal model studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have already demonstrated the effectiveness of α-MSH in restoring the social deficits of autism. Therefore, we sought to analyze the effect of synthetic and naturally-occurring α-MSH variants amongst different species. Our results showed that unique α-MSH derivatives from several fish species produced differential effects on the degree of melanophore dispersion. Using α-MSH human form as a standard, we could identify derivatives that induced greater physiological effects; particularly, the synthetic analogue melanotan-II (MT-II) exhibited a higher capacity for melanophore dispersion than human α-MSH. This was consistent with previous findings in an ASD mouse model demonstrating the effectiveness of MT-II in improving ASD behavioral symptoms. Thus, the melanophore assay may serve as a useful screening tool for therapeutic candidates for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted I. Hong
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (T.I.H.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (T.I.H.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; (G.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Applied Marine Bioresource Science, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (T.I.H.); (T.-I.C.)
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