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Auchincloss AH, Mucciaccio F, Fang CY, Ruggiero DA, Hirsch JA, Zhong J, Li M, Egleston BL, Tseng M. Neighborhood gentrification, wealth, and co-ethnic density associations with acculturation stressors among Chinese immigrants. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101476. [PMID: 37583620 PMCID: PMC10424118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between neighborhood social composition and gentrification, and acculturation stressors. Methods Person-level data came from first-generation Chinese immigrants enrolled in the Immigrant Enclaves Study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, baseline 2018-2020, N = 512). A validated scale was used to assess 22 stressors associated with migration or acculturation. Neighborhood characteristics from the American Community Survey 2015-2019 and 2008-2012 included: tract proportion of foreign born Chinese, neighborhood wealth, and past decade gentrification. Most neighborhood exposures were modeled as continuous as well as binary variables (intended to represent highest level of neighborhood exposure). Multivariable negative binomial regression adjusted for age, gender, income, education, employment, language, years in the U.S., and neighborhood variables (proportion co-ethnic, and neighborhood per capita income). Results The majority of participants spoke Mandarin (68% vs Cantonese 32%), mean participant age was 52.7 years old, years in the US was 18, and nearly one-half of the sample had less than 8 years of education. Mean number of stressors was 5.9 with nearly 20% of participants reporting 11 or more stressors. Multivariable results found the number of acculturation stressors was 18% lower for residents in the highest co-ethnic density neighborhoods and 13% lower for residents in the highest wealth areas, compared to other areas (expβ 0.82, 95% CI [CI] 0.69, 0.98; expβ 0.87, CI 0.75, 1.01, respectively). Stressors were no different whether participants lived in gentrified areas or not. Conclusions Among middle-aged Chinese immigrants, acculturation stress was lower for residents in neighborhoods with higher proportion of Chinese immigrants and for residents in neighborhoods with higher wealth, whereas gentrification had no influence on acculturation stress. More work on this topic is needed with vulnerable populations such as this one, informed by local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesca Mucciaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Y. Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic A. Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jana A. Hirsch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Zhong
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minzi Li
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian L. Egleston
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marilyn Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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Brazil N. The multidimensional clustering of health and its ecological risk factors. Soc Sci Med 2021; 295:113772. [PMID: 33637329 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A diverse set of research has examined the ways in which population-level health and its ecological risk factors are embedded within self-reinforcing structures. Syndemic theory, for example, focuses on the co-occurrence of multiple diseases, whereas the spatial diffusion literature highlights the concentration of poor health among communities sharing geographic boundaries. This study combines these related but disciplinarily-isolated perspectives to examine the clustering of population-level health and its determinants across four dimensions: co-occurrence, spatial, temporal, and social network. Using data on U.S. county-level health outcomes and health factors from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's County Health Rankings, this study estimates associations between health outcomes within communities and the co-occurrence of community-level factors theorized to influence ecological health. Not only do health outcomes and their ecological risk factors cluster within counties, but also between geographically adjacent counties and counties connected via migration network pathways. Moreover, the self-reinforcing structures uncovered across the co-occurrence, spatial and network dimensions persist over time, and this clustering has consequences on county health and well-being. Rather than adopting the perspective that either health and its community-level factors should be broadly targeted and detached from local context or communities are different, have unique needs and thus should be treated in isolation, the approach advanced in this study identifies shared vulnerabilities in a way that allows for the development of knowledge networks between communities dealing with similar issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noli Brazil
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Tam CC, Lui CK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Intersections Of Neighborhood Co-Ethnic Density and Nativity Status On Heavy Drinking In a General Population Sample Of US Latinos and Asians. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:74-81. [PMID: 33179048 PMCID: PMC7768619 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Greater neighborhood co-ethnic density (living in proximity with people sharing an ethnicity) and being foreign-born each can protect against risky drinking, but little is known about whether these two factors interact. Using a representative sample of Latinos and Asians from California, USA, we investigate main and interactive effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and nativity status in relation to heavy episodic drinking (HED). METHODS This study uses the California Health Interview Survey (N = 30,203) linked with neighborhood data to investigate associations of co-ethnic density and nativity status with HED. Co-ethnic density was based on matching each respondent's ethnicity to the proportion of residents of the corresponding group in their Census tract. Using weighted logistic regression, we first examined main effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and respondent nativity status on HED. Next, we assessed the interaction of co-ethnic density and nativity status. Finally, we estimated nativity-stratified models to investigate variation in effects of co-ethnic density. RESULTS Co-ethnic density was not associated with HED for the full sample, but US-born nativity status was associated with increased odds of past-year HED. The interaction model showed co-ethnic density and nativity had synergistic effects, whereby greater levels of neighborhood co-ethnic density buffered risk associated with being US-born. Further, greater neighborhood co-ethnic density was associated with reduced odds of HED for US-born respondents, but it was not associated with HED for foreign-born respondents. CONCLUSIONS Protective effects of high neighborhood co-ethnic density on HED are stronger for US-born than for foreign-born Latinos and Asians in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Tam
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
| | - Camillia K Lui
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
| | - Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, USA
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Tam CC. Ethnic enclaves and ethnoburbs: Are there differences in associations with juvenile offense type among Asian Americans? JOURNAL OF ETHNIC & CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN SOCIAL WORK 2020; 32:23-32. [PMID: 36568529 PMCID: PMC9782721 DOI: 10.1080/15313204.2020.1855496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the neighborhood context of offending for Asian American youth. The current study differentiates between coethnic neighborhood types and considers if residence in ethnoburbs-a more recently conceptualized coethnic neighborhood-is associated with more serious arrests (for substance, property, weapon, or violent offenses). Asian youth in ethnic enclaves had lower odds of a violence arrest relative to youth in non-coethnic neighborhoods. Youth in ethnoburbs had greater odds of a weapons arrest, but this association is attenuated after adjusting for individual-level covariates. Implications for future research include exploring mechanisms for place-based targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Tam
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
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Mao W, Wu B, Chi I, Yang W, Dong X. Neighborhood Cohesion and Oral Health Problems Among Older Chinese American Immigrants: Does Acculturation Make a Difference? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:219-228. [PMID: 31565728 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite an increasing, yet still limited amount of research on social determinants of oral health, the influences of neighborhood characteristics remain understudied, especially within the context of immigration. Acculturation is multidimensional, and its influences on the oral health of immigrants vary across age and ethnic groups. This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood cohesion and oral health problems among older Chinese American immigrants, and whether and to what extent acculturation indicators moderate the relationship between such cohesion and oral health. METHODS The research design and working sample included 3,157 older Chinese American immigrants aged 60 years or older from the baseline of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago. Neighborhood cohesion was measured by a six-item scale. Oral health problems were measured by the presence or absence of such problems. Acculturation included residence in ethnic enclaves, length of stay, and behavioral acculturation. Stepwise logistic regression models with interaction terms (Neighborhood cohesion × Acculturation) were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood cohesion and oral health problems, accounting for sociodemographics, health conditions, and health behaviors. RESULTS Individuals experiencing higher levels of neighborhood cohesion reported a lower likelihood of having oral health problems. The protective effect of neighborhood cohesion against having oral health problems was stronger when individuals resided in ethnic enclaves such as Chinatown. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS To promote optimal oral health, interventions need to account for individuals' perceptions and levels of integration into their neighborhoods and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Mao
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, Los Angeles
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, Los Angeles
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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