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Batista MRD, Penha RES, Sofia SH, Klaczko LB. Comparative analysis of adaptive and neutral markers of Drosophila mediopunctata populations dispersed among forest fragments. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12681-12693. [PMID: 30619573 PMCID: PMC6308856 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of adaptive and neutral genetic markers is a valuable approach to characterize the evolutionary consequences of populations living in environments threatened by anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest fragmentation. Shifts in allele frequencies, low genetic variability, and a small effective population size can be considered clear signs of forest fragmentation effects (due to genetic drift) over natural populations, while adaptive responses correlate with environmental variables. Brazilian Atlantic Forest had its landscape drastically reduced and fragmented. Now, several forest remnants are isolated from each other by urban and crop areas. We sampled Drosophila mediopunctata populations from eight forest remnants dispersed on two adjacent geomorphological regions, which are physiognomic and climatically quite distinct. Microsatellite data of inversion-free chromosomes (neutral genetic marker) indicate low structuration among populations suggesting that they were panmictic and greatly influenced by gene flow. Moreover, significant differences in chromosomal inversion frequencies (adaptive genetic marker) among populations and their correlations with climatic and geographical variables indicate that genetic divergence among populations could be an adaptive response to their environment. Nonetheless, we observed a significant difference in inversion frequencies of a population in two consecutive years that may be associated with edge and demographic effects. Also, it may be reflecting seasonal changes of inversion frequencies influenced by great temperature variation due to edge effects. Moreover, the forest fragment size does not affect genetic variation of neutral markers. Our data indicate that despite oscillations in chromosomal inversion frequencies, D. mediopunctata populations from Brazilian Atlantic Forest and their divergence may be driven by adaptive factors to local differences, perhaps because it is a small flying insect easily carried by the wind increasing its migration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R. D. Batista
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e ImunologiaInstituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UnicampCampinasSPBrasil
| | - Rafael E. S. Penha
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e ImunologiaInstituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UnicampCampinasSPBrasil
| | - Silvia H. Sofia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaPRBrasil
| | - Louis B. Klaczko
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e ImunologiaInstituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UnicampCampinasSPBrasil
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Batista MRD, Rocha FB, Klaczko LB. Altitudinal distribution of two sibling species of the Drosophila tripunctata group in a preserved tropical forest and their male sterility thermal thresholds. J Therm Biol 2018; 71:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cavasini R, Batista MRD, Klaczko LB. Chromosomal localization of microsatellite loci in Drosophila mediopunctata. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:55-8. [PMID: 25983625 PMCID: PMC4415555 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738138120140275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila mediopunctata has been used as a model organism for
genetics and evolutionary studies in the last three decades. A linkage map with 48
microsatellite loci recently published for this species showed five syntenic groups,
which had their homology determined to Drosophila melanogaster
chromosomes. Then, by inference, each of the groups was associated with one of the
five major chromosomes of D. mediopunctata. Our objective was to
carry out a genetic (chromosomal) analysis to increase the number of available loci
with known chromosomal location. We made a simultaneous analysis of visible mutant
phenotypes and microsatellite genotypes in a backcross of a standard strain and a
mutant strain, which had each major autosome marked. Hence, we could establish the
chromosomal location of seventeen loci; including one from each of the five major
linkage groups previously published, and twelve new loci. Our results were congruent
with the previous location and they open new possibilities to future work integrating
microsatellites, chromosomal inversions, and genetic determinants of physiological
and morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Cavasini
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Dias Batista
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Louis Bernard Klaczko
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Cellular basis of morphological variation and temperature-related plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster strains with divergent wing shapes. Genetica 2014; 142:495-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-014-9795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brianti MT, Ananina G, Klaczko LB. Differential occurrence of chromosome inversion polymorphisms among Muller's elements in three species of the tripunctata group of Drosophila, including a species with fast chromosomal evolution. Genome 2013; 56:17-26. [PMID: 23379335 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2012-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Detailed chromosome maps with reliable homologies among chromosomes of different species are the first step to study the evolution of the genetic architecture in any set of species. Here, we present detailed photo maps of the polytene chromosomes of three closely related species of the tripunctata group (subgenus Drosophila): Drosophila mediopunctata, D. roehrae, and D. unipunctata. We identified Muller's elements in each species, using FISH, establishing reliable chromosome homologies among species and D. melanogaster. The simultaneous analysis of chromosome inversions revealed a distribution pattern for the inversion polymorphisms among Muller's elements in the three species. Element E is the most polymorphic, with many inversions in each species. Element C follows; while the least polymorphic elements are B and D. While interesting, it remains to be determined how general this pattern is among species of the tripunctata group. Despite previous studies showing that D. mediopunctata and D. unipunctata are phylogenetically closer to each other than to D. roehrae, D. unipunctata shows rare karyotypic changes. It has two chromosome fusions: an additional heterochromatic chromosome pair and a pericentric inversion in the X chromosome. This especial conformation suggests a fast chromosomal evolution that deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsue T Brianti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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Laborda PR, Gazaffi R, Garcia AAF, de Souza AP. A molecular linkage map for Drosophila mediopunctata confirms synteny with Drosophila melanogaster and suggests a region that controls the variation in the number of abdominal spots. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:89-95. [PMID: 22136651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The classic approach to gene discovery relies on the construction of linkage maps. We report the first molecular-based linkage map for Drosophila mediopunctata, a neotropical species of the tripunctata group. Eight hundred F(2) individuals were genotyped at 49 microsatellite loci, resulting in a map that is ≈450 centimorgans long. Five linkage groups were detected, and the species' chromosomes were identified through cross-references to BLASTn searches and Müller elements. Strong synteny was observed when compared with the Drosophila melanogaster chromosome arms, but little conservation in the gene order was seen. The incorporation of morphological data corresponding to the number of central abdominal spots on the map was consistent with the expected location of a genomic region responsible for the phenotype on the second chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Laborda
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética and Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hatadani LM, McInerney JO, de Medeiros HF, Junqueira ACM, de Azeredo-Espin AM, Klaczko LB. Molecular phylogeny of the Drosophila tripunctata and closely related species groups (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 51:595-600. [PMID: 19285146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We suggest a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the tripunctata radiation based on sequences of mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. We performed tests for hypotheses of monophyly for taxonomic groups and other specific hypotheses. Results reject the monophyly for the tripunctata group whereas monophyly is not rejected for the tripunctata radiation and other specific groups within the radiation. Although most of the basal nodes were unresolved we were able to identify four clusters within the tripunctata radiation. These results suggest the collection of additional data before a proper taxonomic revision could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Mendes Hatadani
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Rocha F, Medeiros HF, Klaczko LB. The reaction norm for abdominal pigmentation and its curve in Drosophila mediopunctata depend on the mean phenotypic value. Evolution 2008; 63:280-7. [PMID: 18752606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The idea of a general independence between the phenotypic plasticity and the mean value of a trait is, presently, a consensus. Here, we use the reaction norm of abdominal pigmentation (number of dark spots) of Drosophila mediopunctata in response to temperature, to test this idea. We raised eight strains, bearing two different chromosomal inversions and with varying mean phenotypic values, under 11 temperatures in a thermal gradient to test for predictions concerning mean phenotypic values, chromosomal inversions, and reaction norms. Our results revealed a strong effect of different phenotypic groups and no effect of different karyotypes on reaction norms. Moreover, we found a significant negative correlation between mean phenotypic value and the curvature of the reaction norms, revealing a high dependency of the reaction norm shape on mean phenotypic value. These results clearly reject the idea of genetic independence between mean value and phenotypic plasticity, and may indicate a pattern of correlation, which may include results from other traits and species, with an importance that has not been fully appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Phenotypic plasticity of abdomen pigmentation in two geographic populations of Drosophila melanogaster: male-female comparison and sexual dimorphism. Genetica 2008; 135:403-13. [PMID: 18568431 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster male, the last abdominal tergites (A5-A6) are completely dark due to a strong internal constraint while, in female, all abdominal tergites (A2-A7) are phenotypically variable and highly plastic. Male A2-A4 are quite similar to those of female, but their plasticity was never investigated. In this paper, we compared the phenotypic plasticity of A2-A4 in both sexes in order to know if the major dimorphism (SD) expressed in male A5-A6 also extended toward the more anterior segments. We also compared two geographic populations living under very different climates in order to know if adaptive differences, previously observed in females also existed in males. With an isofemale line design, pigmentation variation according to growth temperature was investigated in the two populations from France and India. Male and female data were compared and sexual dimorphism (SD) analyzed in various ways. Reaction norms were quite similar in both sexes for A2 and A3, but clearly different for A4. Considering the total pigmentation (A2 + A3 + A4) males were darker than females at low temperatures and either identical to them (France) or lighter (India) above 25 degrees C. SD (male-female difference) was genetically variable among lines and significantly different among segments. Reaction norms of SD exhibited an overall decrease with temperature and also a significant difference among populations, suggesting a local adaptation of SD to thermal conditions. The three plastic segments in male (A2-A4) seem to react adaptively to the thermal environment more efficiently than the same segments in female, in agreement with the thermal budget hypothesis. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a SD trait exhibits an adaptive difference between geographic populations.
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Andrade CAC, Vieira RD, Ananina G, Klaczko LB. Evolution of the male genitalia: morphological variation of the aedeagi in a natural population of Drosophila mediopunctata. Genetica 2008; 135:13-23. [PMID: 18309463 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the size and shape of the aedeagus of Drosophila mediopunctata, we used basic statistics and geometric morphometrics. We estimated the level of phenotypic variation, natural and laboratory heritability as well as the phenotypic correlations between aedeagus and wing measures. The wing was used as an indicator for both body size and shape. Positive significant correlation was obtained for centroid size of aedeagus and wing for field parents and their offspring reared in the laboratory. Many positive significant phenotypic correlations were found among linear measures of both organs. The phenotypic correlations were few for aedeagus and wing shape. Coefficients of variation of the measures were on average larger in the aedeagus than in the wing for offspring reared in laboratory, but not for flies coming from the field. Significant "natural" heritabilities were found for five linear measures of the aedeagus and only one for the wing. Few significant heritabilities were found for aedeagus and wing shape, mostly ones concerning the uniform components. In an exploratory analysis, we found that inversion DS-PC0 is associated with both uniform and nonuniform components of shape, respectively, in the wing and aedeagus. Our results do not support the lock-and-key hypothesis for the male genitalia evolution, but cannot refute the sexual selection and pleiotropy hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A C Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Moraes EM, Sene FM. Microsatellite and morphometric variation in Drosophila gouveai: the relative importance of historical and current factors in shaping the genetic population structure. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hatadani LM, Klaczko LB. Shape and size variation on the wing of Drosophila mediopunctata: influence of chromosome inversions and genotype-environment interaction. Genetica 2007; 133:335-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ananina G, Rohde C, David JR, Valente VLS, Klaczko LB. Inversion polymorphism and a new polytene chromosome map of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (1970) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Genetica 2006; 131:117-25. [PMID: 17136577 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-006-9121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zaprionus indianus is a recent invader in Brazil and was probably introduced from the West Afrotropical zone. So far, studies regarding its chromosomal polymorphism were limited to India. We found that Brazilian populations were very different from Indian ones. Five new inversions have been discovered. In(II)A, already described in India, where it is quite common, has also been found in Brazil, where it is very rare. The X-chromosome has three inversions; In(X)Na, In(X)Ke and In(X)Eg, which are frequent in all Brazilian populations studied. In every case, we observed strong linkage disequilibrium among these gene arrangements. During the primary collection period (2001-2002), we noticed a significant positive correlation between the frequency of these inversions and latitude, but this was not confirmed in later investigations. Rearrangement In(IV)EF was also common in all populations, while inversion In(V)B was only found in southern populations. Our data suggest that the founders that recently invaded Brazil were polymorphic for the six inversions observed. The place of origin might be identified more precisely by investigating West African populations. In order to facilitate further investigations, we present an updated polytene chromosome photomap, locating the breakpoints of every inversion observed in Brazilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Ananina
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, 13084-971, SP, Brazil.
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