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Pla S, Benvenuto C, Capellini I, Piferrer F. Switches, stability and reversals in the evolutionary history of sexual systems in fish. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3029. [PMID: 35637181 PMCID: PMC9151764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual systems are highly diverse and have profound consequences for population dynamics and resilience. Yet, little is known about how they evolved. Using phylogenetic Bayesian modelling and a sample of 4614 species, we show that gonochorism is the likely ancestral condition in teleost fish. While all hermaphroditic forms revert quickly to gonochorism, protogyny and simultaneous hermaphroditism are evolutionarily more stable than protandry. In line with theoretical expectations, simultaneous hermaphroditism does not evolve directly from gonochorism but can evolve slowly from sequential hermaphroditism, particularly protandry. We find support for the predictions from life history theory that protogynous, but not protandrous, species live longer than gonochoristic species and invest the least in male gonad mass. The distribution of teleosts' sexual systems on the tree of life does not seem to reflect just adaptive predictions, suggesting that adaptations alone may not fully explain why some sexual forms evolve in some taxa but not others (Williams' paradox). We propose that future studies should incorporate mating systems, spawning behaviours, and the diversity of sex determining mechanisms. Some of the latter might constrain the evolution of hermaphroditism, while the non-duality of the embryological origin of teleost gonads might explain why protogyny predominates over protandry in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pla
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Benvenuto
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | | | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Tian HF, Hu Q, Lu HY, Li Z. Chromosome-Scale, Haplotype-Resolved Genome Assembly of Non-Sex-Reversal Females of Swamp Eel Using High-Fidelity Long Reads and Hi-C Data. Front Genet 2022; 13:903185. [PMID: 35669182 PMCID: PMC9165713 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.903185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is an excellent model species for studying sex change and chromosome evolution. M. albus is also widely reared in East Asia and South-East Asia because of its great nutritional value. The low fecundity of this species (about 300 eggs per fish) greatly hinders fries production and breeding programs. Interestingly, about 3–5% of the eels could remain as females for 3 years and lay more than 3,000 eggs per fish, which are referred to as non-sex-reversal (NSR) females. Here, we presented a new chromosome-level genome assembly of such NSR females using Illumina, HiFi, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The new assembly (Mal.V2_NSR) is 838.39 Mb in length, and the N50 of the contigs is 49.8 Mb. Compared with the previous assembly obtained using the continuous long-read sequencing technology (Mal.V1_CLR), we found a remarkable increase of continuity in the new assembly Mal.V2_NSR with a 20-times longer contig N50. Chromosomes 2 and 12 were assembled into a single contig, respectively. Meanwhile, two highly contiguous haplotype assemblies were also obtained, with contig N50 being 14.54 and 12.13 Mb, respectively. BUSCO and Merqury analyses indicate completeness and high accuracy of these three assemblies. A comparative genomic analysis revealed substantial structural variations (SVs) between Mal.V2_NSR and Mal.V1_CLR and two phased haplotype assemblies, as well as whole chromosome fusion events when compared with the zig-zag eel. Additionally, our newly obtained assembly provides a genomic view of sex-related genes and a complete landscape of the MHC genes. Therefore, these high-quality genome assemblies would provide great help for future breeding works of the swamp eel, and it is a valuable new reference for genetic and genomic studies of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Tian
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaomu Hu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Yi Lu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Li,
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Souza J, Guimarães E, Pinheiro-Figliuolo V, Cioffi MB, Bertollo LAC, Feldberg E. Chromosomal Analysis of Ctenolucius hujeta Valenciennes, 1850 (Characiformes): A New Piece in the Chromosomal Evolution of the Ctenoluciidae. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:195-202. [PMID: 34126615 DOI: 10.1159/000515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ctenoluciidae (Characiformes), a family of freshwater fishes, comprises 2 genera, Ctenolucius and Boulengerella, with 7 recognized species. Up to now, only species of the genus Boulengerella have been subjected to cytogenetic studies. Here, we investigated the karyotype and other cytogenetic features of pike characin, Ctenolucius hujeta, using conventional (Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR staining) and molecular (rDNA, telomeric sequences, and fiber-FISH mapping) procedures. This species has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 36, and a karyotype composed of 12m + 20sm + 4a and FN = 68, similar to that found in Boulengerella species. However, differences regarding the number and distribution of several chromosomal markers support a distinct generic status. Colocalization of the 18S and 5S rDNA genes is an exclusive characteristic of the C. hujeta genome, with an interspersed distribution in the chromosomal fiber, an unusual phenomenon among eukaryotes. Additionally, our results support the view that Ctenoluciidae and Lebiasinidae families are closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Erika Guimarães
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo B Cioffi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz A C Bertollo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
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Supiwong W, Pinthong K, Seetapan K, Saenjundaeng P, Bertollo LAC, de Oliveira EA, Yano CF, Liehr T, Phimphan S, Tanomtong A, B Cioffi M. Karyotype diversity and evolutionary trends in the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus (Synbranchiformes, Synbranchidae): a case of chromosomal speciation? BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 30849933 PMCID: PMC6408769 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synbranchidae or swamp eels are fishes belonging to the order Synbranchiformes that occur in both freshwater and occasionally in brackish. They are worldwide distributed in tropical and subtropical rivers of four different continents. A large degree of chromosomal variation has been found in this family, mainly through the use of conventional cytogenetic investigations. Inside this group, a still almost unexplored species under the cytogenetic point of view is the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, a widely distributed species throughout Asia. Here, we tested the hypothesis of chromosomal speciation, where a case of sympatric speciation may occur as the primary consequence of chromosomal rearrangements. We performed a comparative chromosomal analysis of M. albus from 22 different localities in Thailand, using distinct staining methods (C-banding, Ag-NO3, and Chromomycin A3), and FISH with repetitive DNA probes (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, Rex1 element and microsatellite repeats). RESULTS This approach evidenced two contrasting karyotypes (named karyomorphs A and B) that varied concerning their 2n and repetitive DNAs distribution, where chromosomal fusions and pericentric inversions were involved in such differentiation. While the karyomorph A has 2n = 24 chromosomes, the karyomorph B has only 2n = 18, both with NF = 24. In addition, karyomorph A contains only acrocentric chromosomes, while karyomorph B contains three unique metacentric pairs. These features highlight that M. albus has already gone through a significant genomic divergence, and may include at least two cryptic species. CONCLUSIONS This marked chromosomal differentiation, likely linked to the lifestyle of these fishes, point to the occurrence of a chromosomal speciation scenario, in which fusions and inversions had a prominent role. This highlights the biodiversity of M. albus and justifies its taxonomic revision, since this nominal species may constitute a species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerayuth Supiwong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai, 34000 Thailand
| | - Krit Pinthong
- Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Muang, Surin, 32000 Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Seetapan
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Tumbol Maeka, Muang, Phayao, 56000 Thailand
| | - Pasakorn Saenjundaeng
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai, 34000 Thailand
| | - Luiz A. C. Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ezequiel A. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cassia F. Yano
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sumalee Phimphan
- Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Alongklod Tanomtong
- Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Marcelo B Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Guimarães EMC, Carvalho NDM, Schneider CH, Feldberg E, Gross MC. Karyotypic Comparison of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) in Central Amazon. Zebrafish 2017; 14:80-89. [PMID: 28129102 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoplias malabaricus comprises seven karyomorphs (A-G) and evolutionary units have been described in some of them. In this study, the karyotypic composition and genomic organization of individual H. malabaricus from Central Amazon are described and to verify whether they can be classified according to known karyomorphs. Individuals from the Ducke Reserve have 2n = 42 chromosomes, similar to karyomorph A. Individuals from Catalão Lake and Marchantaria Island exhibit 2n = 40 chromosomes, similar to karyomorph C. Regarding the constitutive heterochromatin, individuals from all locations present centromeric/pericentromeric blocks, in addition to some bitelomeric and interstitial markings. The number of chromosomes with nucleolar organizer region, 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA sites varied among the different locations. The Rex 3 element has a compartmentalized distribution at the terminal and centromeric regions of most chromosomes, with subtle differences among populations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed with a telomeric probe allowed the detection of these regions only at the terminal ends of the chromosomes. Thus, only the chromosomal macrostructure (karyomorphs A-G) is not sufficient to establish evolutionary units within the H. malabaricus group, considering differences in the genome organization that are found among their populations. Such differences in the genomic organization could be mainly caused by the sedentary habits of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Milena Corrêa Guimarães
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Natália Dayane Moura Carvalho
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Schneider
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- 2 Laboratório de Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Gross
- 1 Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Manaus, Brazil
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Karyoevolution inPotamorhina(Cope, 1878) (Ostariophysi, Curimatidae): Using Repetitive DNA for the Elucidation of Genome Organization. Zebrafish 2016; 13:118-31. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Carvalho NDM, Arias FJ, da Silva FA, Schneider CH, Gross MC. Cytogenetic analyses of five amazon lizard species of the subfamilies Teiinae and Tupinambinae and review of karyotyped diversity the family Teiidae. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2015; 9:625-644. [PMID: 26753079 PMCID: PMC4698576 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i4.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lizards of the family Teiidae (infraorder Scincomorpha) were formerly known as Macroteiidae. There are 13 species of such lizards in the Amazon, in the genera Ameiva (Meyer, 1795), Cnemidophorus (Wagler, 1830), Crocodilurus (Spix, 1825), Dracaena (Daudin, 1801), Kentropyx (Spix, 1825) and Tupinambis (Daudin, 1802). Cytogenetic studies of this group are restricted to karyotype macrostructure. Here we give a compilation of cytogenetic data of the family Teiidae, including classic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758), Cnemidophorus sp.1, Kentropyx calcarata (Spix, 1825), Kentropyx pelviceps (Cope, 1868) and Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus, 1758) collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Ameiva ameiva, Kentropyx calcarata and Kentropyx pelviceps have 2n=50 chromosomes classified by a gradual series of acrocentric chromosomes. Cnemidophorus sp.1 has 2n=48 chromosomes with 2 biarmed chromosomes, 24 uniarmed chromosomes and 22 microchromosomes. Tupinambis teguixin has 2n=36 chromosomes, including 12 macrochromosomes and 24 microchromosomes. Constitutive heterochromatin was distributed in the centromeric and terminal regions in most chromosomes. The nucleolus organizer region was simple, varying in its position among the species, as evidenced both by AgNO3 impregnation and by hybridization with 18S rDNA probes. The data reveal a karyotype variation with respect to the diploid number, fundamental number and karyotype formula, which reinforces the importance of increasing chromosomal analyses in the Teiidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Dayane Moura Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Estrada do Contorno 3000, Aleixo, CEP 69077-000 - Manaus, AM - Brazil
| | - Federico José Arias
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-090 - São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Francijara Araújo da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Estrada do Contorno 3000, Aleixo, CEP 69077-000 - Manaus, AM - Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Schneider
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Estrada do Contorno 3000, Aleixo, CEP 69077-000 - Manaus, AM - Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Gross
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Estrada do Contorno 3000, Aleixo, CEP 69077-000 - Manaus, AM - Brazil
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Utsunomia R, Pansonato-Alves JC, Costa-Silva GJ, Mendonça FF, Scacchetti PC, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of cryptic species within the Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) grouping: species delimitations, karyotypic evolution and intraspecific diversification. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20140039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fish species Synbranchus marmoratushas been reported to exist as a species complex due to high intraspecific karyotypic variability in spite of the difficulty or impossibility to distinguish them using morphological traits alone. The goal of this work was to use cytogenetic and molecular methods to determine the species delimitations and understand the karyoevolution ofS. marmoratususing samples collected from distinct Brazilian localities. Among the analyzed specimens, a large degree of cytogenetic variation related to diploid numbers and karyotype structure was observed, with karyotypes showing 2n=42, 44 and 46 chromosomes. In addition, using sequences of three mitochondrial genes, the phylogenetic relationships between every sample with a known karyotype were determined, which revealed significant nucleotide divergence among the karyomorphs. Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S. marmoratuscomplex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. Finally, the integration of both molecular cytogenetic and phylogenetic approaches allowed the determination of specific chromosomes possibly involved in rearrangements and a better understanding about the evolutionary processes involved in the differentiation ofSynbranchusgenus.
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Gornung E. Twenty years of physical mapping of major ribosomal RNA genes across the teleosts: A review of research. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:90-102. [PMID: 24080951 DOI: 10.1159/000354832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic data on the number and position of 45S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA; located in nucleolus organizing regions, NORs) detected by FISH in 330 species of 77 families and 22 orders of bony fishes (Teleostei) and, additionally, 11 species of basal ray-finned fishes are compiled and analyzed. The portion of species with single rDNA sites in the sample amounts to 72%. The percentage of species with multiple NORs decreases with increasing numbers of rDNA loci per genome, i.e. scarcely 3% of species carry 4 or more rDNA-bearing chromosome pairs. 43% of all rDNA sites analyzed occur terminally on the short arms of chromosomes or constitute them. In general, terminal rDNA sites account for 87% of all examined cases. Interspecific variation in the location of single rDNA sites among related taxa, polymorphisms of multiple NORs in some groups of teleosts and analytical outcomes on the subject are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gornung
- 'Charles Darwin' Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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Repetitive sequences associated with differentiation of W chromosome in Semaprochilodus taeniurus. Genetica 2013; 140:505-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-013-9699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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