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Ferreira AMV, Viana PF, Marajó L, Feldberg E. First Karyotypic Insights into Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, 1958: Association of Different Classes of Repetitive DNA. Cytogenet Genome Res 2024; 164:60-68. [PMID: 38744250 DOI: 10.1159/000539331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, there are 38 valid species of freshwater stingrays, and these belong to the subfamily Potamotrygoninae. However, cytogenetic information about this group is limited, with studies mainly using classical techniques, Giemsa, and C-banding. METHODS In this study, we used classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques - mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) - in order to investigate the karyotypic composition of Potamotrygon schroederi and reveal the karyoevolutionary trends of this group. RESULTS The species presented 2n = 66 chromosomes with 18m + 12sm + 16st + 20a, heterochromatic blocks distributed in the centromeric regions of all the chromosomes, and terminal blocks in the q arm of pairs 2 and 3. Mapping of 18S rDNA regions revealed multiple clusters on pairs 2 and 7 and a homolog of pair 24. The 5S rDNA region was found in the pericentromeric portion of the subtelocentric pair 16. Furthermore, dinucleotide SSRs sequences were found in the centromeric and terminal regions of different chromosomal pairs, with preferential accumulation in pair 17. In addition, we identified conspicuous blocks of (GATA)n and (GACA)n sequences colocalized with the 5S rDNA (pair 16). CONCLUSION In general, this study corroborates the general trend of a reduction in 2n in the species of Potamotrygoninae subfamily. Moreover, we found that the location of rDNA regions is very similar among Potamotrygon species, and the SSRs accumulation in the second subtelocentric pair (17) seems to be a common trait in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M V Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva - PPG GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patrik F Viana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva - PPG GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Leandro Marajó
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva - PPG GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva - PPG GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
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Ferreira AMV, Viana PF, Marajó L, Feldberg E. Karyotypic variation of two populations of the small freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho, Rosa & Araújo 2016: A classical and molecular approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278828. [PMID: 36662738 PMCID: PMC9858463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Potamotrygoninae comprises a group of Neotropical fishes with an ancient relationship with marine environments. In the last few years, 11 new Potamotrygon species were described, including Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho, Araújo e Rosa 2016. Cytogenetic data about this species are limited to classical markers (Giemsa, C-Banding and Ag-NOR techniques), these studies highlighted a rare sexual chromosome system XX/X0 with males presenting 67 chromosomes and females 68 chromosomes. The classical analyses performed here reveled populational variation in the karyotype formula, as well as, in the heterochromatin regions. Besides the classical markers, our molecular experiments showed multiple sites for 18S rDNA sequence (including in the X chromosomes) and single sites for 5S rDNA sequence, we did not find interstitial telomeric sequences. In addition, (AC)15, (AG)15, and (CAC)15 microsatellites showed association with the several autosome pair, and the (GT)15 clutters were found in only one population. On the other hand, (GATA)4 sequence showed association with the sexual chromosomes X in all males and females analyzed. Our results showed that pericentric inversions, in addition to fusions, shaped the karyotype of P. wallacei once we found two populations with distinct karyotype formula and this could be a result of the past events recovered by our modeling experiments. Besides, here we described the association of 18S and (GATA)4 motifs with sexual chromosomes, which indicated that these sequences had a novel in the differentiation of sexual chromosomes in P. wallacei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. V. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva – PPG GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Patrik F. Viana
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leandro Marajó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva – PPG GCBEv, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Liu X, Zhou L, Luo B, Qian H, Ye B, Ma K, Qiu G. Identification of novel Z/W chromosome-specific markers from the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stöck M, Kratochvíl L, Kuhl H, Rovatsos M, Evans BJ, Suh A, Valenzuela N, Veyrunes F, Zhou Q, Gamble T, Capel B, Schartl M, Guiguen Y. A brief review of vertebrate sex evolution with a pledge for integrative research: towards ' sexomics'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200426. [PMID: 34247497 PMCID: PMC8293304 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggers and biological processes controlling male or female gonadal differentiation vary in vertebrates, with sex determination (SD) governed by environmental factors or simple to complex genetic mechanisms that evolved repeatedly and independently in various groups. Here, we review sex evolution across major clades of vertebrates with information on SD, sexual development and reproductive modes. We offer an up-to-date review of divergence times, species diversity, genomic resources, genome size, occurrence and nature of polyploids, SD systems, sex chromosomes, SD genes, dosage compensation and sex-biased gene expression. Advances in sequencing technologies now enable us to study the evolution of SD at broader evolutionary scales, and we now hope to pursue a sexomics integrative research initiative across vertebrates. The vertebrate sexome comprises interdisciplinary and integrated information on sexual differentiation, development and reproduction at all biological levels, from genomes, transcriptomes and proteomes, to the organs involved in sexual and sex-specific processes, including gonads, secondary sex organs and those with transcriptional sex-bias. The sexome also includes ontogenetic and behavioural aspects of sexual differentiation, including malfunction and impairment of SD, sexual differentiation and fertility. Starting from data generated by high-throughput approaches, we encourage others to contribute expertise to building understanding of the sexomes of many key vertebrate species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries—IGB (Forschungsverbund Berlin), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heiner Kuhl
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries—IGB (Forschungsverbund Berlin), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michail Rovatsos
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ben J. Evans
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Life Sciences Building Room 328, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Alexander Suh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK
- Department of Organismal Biology—Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole Valenzuela
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Frédéric Veyrunes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, ISEM UMR 5554 (CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Qi Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tony Gamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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Cruz VPD, Nobile MLO, Paim FG, Adachi AMCDL, Ribeiro GDS, Ferreira DC, Pansonato-Alves JC, Charvet P, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp. (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae) from the Amazon basin: Implications for the taxonomy of the genus. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200083. [PMID: 33835125 PMCID: PMC8033572 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of two freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon sp., from the Amazon River basin in Brazil were investigated using integrated molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and cytogenetic analyses. Potamotrygon motoro presented intraspecific variation in the diploid number, with 2n=66 in the females and 2n=65 in the males, while Potamotrygon sp. had a karyotype with 66 chromosomes, in both sexes. The C-banding revealed the presence of heterochromatic blocks accumulated in the centromeric region of all the chromosomes in both species. The FISH assays with 18S DNA probes highlighted the terminal region of three or four chromosome pairs in P. motoro and seven chromosomes in Potamotrygon sp. The rDNA 5S sequences were found in only one chromosomal pair in both species. The interspecific genetic distance based on the COI sequences, between P. motoro and Potamotrygon sp. from Amazon River was 10.8%, while that between the Amazonian P. motoro and Potamotrygon amandae from the Paraná River was 2.2%, and the genetic distance between Potamotrygon sp. and P. amandae was 11.8%. In addition to the new insights on the cytogenetics of the study species, the results of the present study confirmed the existence of heteromorphic sex-linked chromosomes in P. motoro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Paes da Cruz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Ligia Oliveira Nobile
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabilene Gomes Paim
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aisni Mayumi Correia de Lima Adachi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana da Silva Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carvalho Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pansonato-Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Charvet
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Uno Y, Nozu R, Kiyatake I, Higashiguchi N, Sodeyama S, Murakumo K, Sato K, Kuraku S. Cell culture-based karyotyping of orectolobiform sharks for chromosome-scale genome analysis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:652. [PMID: 33159152 PMCID: PMC7648076 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyotyping, traditionally performed using cytogenetic techniques, is indispensable for validating genome assemblies whose sequence lengths can be scaled up to chromosome sizes using modern methods. Karyotype reports of chondrichthyans are scarce because of the difficulty in cell culture. Here, we focused on carpet shark species and the culture conditions for fibroblasts and lymphocytes. The utility of the cultured cells enabled the high-fidelity characterization of their karyotypes, namely 2n = 102 for the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum), and 2n = 106 for the brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) and whitespotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum). We identified heteromorphic XX/XY sex chromosomes for the two latter species and demonstrated the first-ever fluorescence in situ hybridization of shark chromosomes prepared from cultured cells. Our protocols are applicable to diverse chondrichthyan species and will deepen the understanding of early vertebrate evolution at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Uno
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan. .,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nozu
- Okinawa Churashima Research Center, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, Okinawa, Japan.,Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Keiichi Sato
- Okinawa Churashima Research Center, Okinawa Churashima Foundation, Okinawa, Japan.,Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kuraku
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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Valentim FCDS, Porto JIR, Feldberg E. Chromosomal characterization of Amazonian freshwater stingrays with evidence for new karyomorphs and XX/XY sex chromosomes. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:578-593. [PMID: 31188935 PMCID: PMC6905454 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies in the subfamily Potamotrygoninae have provided valuable insights into the understanding of the evolution and diversification of its species. In the present study, the chromosomal features of seven nominal potamotrygonin species are provided: Plesiotrygon iwamae (2n=74, FN=120), Potamotrygon amazona (2n=66, FN=107), P. constellata (2n=66, FN=110), P. leopoldi (2n=64, FN=102), P. motoro (2n=66, FN=106) from four different localities, and P. orbignyi (2n=66, FN=106), P. scobina (2n=66, FN=104), from Central Amazon. Additionally, we found a new karyomorph in P. wallacei. We considered the localization of Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs), as well as the pattern of constitutive heterochromatin, as species-specific characters. We found an XX/XY sex chromosome system in P. orbignyi, and we suggest that P. scobina and P. amazona also possess the same sex chromosome system. Overall, the chromosomal evolution in this group appears to have progressed towards a reduction in diploid number, with a concomitant increase in the number of bi-armed and nucleolar chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Lyons K, Wynne-Edwards KE. Steroid concentrations in maternal serum and uterine histotroph in round stingrays (Urobatis halleri). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 274:8-16. [PMID: 30576647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite a wide range of elasmobranch (sharks, skates and rays) matrotrophic strategies, and thus potentially diverse pathways for maternal-fetal hormone exchange, little attention has been given to uterine steroids during development. Round Stingrays (Urobatis halleri) with matrotrophic histotrophy were captured during every month of their annual reproductive season from post-ovulation to near parturition, and paired samples of plasma and histotroph were analyzed for a suite of steroid hormones using LC-ESI/MRM. Hormone concentrations within and between maternal and uterine compartments were compared using two markers of embryo development. Histotroph had consistently higher detection rates and concentrations of hormones than maternal plasma, especially during early pregnancy when embryos are yolk sac-dependent for nutrition. Peaks in histotroph testosterone concentrations preceded maternal plasma, suggesting that hormones were locally produced within the uterine compartment. Embryonic sexual differentiation based on the presence of visible claspers (male copulatory organs) coincided with peaks in histotroph progesterone, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and estradiol, suggesting that, like mammalian pregnancy, elasmobranch embryonic steroids also contribute to their own developmental environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kady Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Araya-Jaime C, Mateussi NTB, Utsunomia R, Costa-Silva GJ, Oliveira C, Foresti F. ZZ/Z0: The New System of Sex Chromosomes in Eigenmannia aff. trilineata (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) Characterized by Molecular Cytogenetics and DNA Barcoding. Zebrafish 2017; 14:464-470. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Araya-Jaime
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadayca T. Bonani Mateussi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme J. Costa-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Computational identification of Y-linked markers and genes in the grass carp genome by using a pool-and-sequence method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8213. [PMID: 28811564 PMCID: PMC5557828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular analysis of sex in vertebrates is important, as it has the potential to provide vital information for theoretical and applied research alike. Teleost fish are the ancient vertebrates that present a broad sex chromosome system but lack differentiated sex chromosomes in most species. Hence understanding the sex in fish would not only illuminate the sex determination evolution in vertebrates but also shed light on fish farming. In the present study, we used grass carp as a teleost fish model, studied the Y chromosome by using a pool-and-sequence strategy in combination with fragment-ratio method. In total, we identified five Y-linked scaffolds (totaling 347 Kb) and six Y-specific sequences that could be used as sex-specific markers, demonstrating the suitability of NGS-based re-sequencing of pooled DNAs for the identification of sex markers in fish. Moreover, 14 putative Y-linked genes were described for the first time. All the genes, except for un-y1, un-y2, and ubq-y, showed high similarity to their female homologs. RT-PCR revealed that ubq-y was only expressed in the male hypothalamus and pituitary. These findings provided an abundant resource for the Y chromosome of grass carp, and may help elucidate sex chromosome evolution in cyprinid fish.
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A transcriptome derived female-specific marker from the invasive Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118214. [PMID: 25707007 PMCID: PMC4338254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific markers are a prerequisite for understanding reproductive biology, genetic factors involved in sex differences, mechanisms of sex determination, and ultimately the evolution of sex chromosomes. The Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, may be considered a model species for sex-chromosome evolution, as it displays female heterogamety (ZW/ZZ), and is also ecologically interesting as a worldwide invasive species. Here, de novo RNA-sequencing on the gonads of sexually mature G. affinis was used to identify contigs that were highly transcribed in females but not in males (i.e., transcripts with ovary-specific expression). Subsequently, 129 primer pairs spanning 79 contigs were tested by PCR to identify sex-specific transcripts. Of those primer pairs, one female-specific DNA marker was identified, Sanger sequenced and subsequently validated in 115 fish. Sequence analyses revealed a high similarity between the identified sex-specific marker and the 3´ UTR of the aminomethyl transferase (amt) gene of the closely related platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). This is the first time that RNA-seq has been used to successfully characterize a sex-specific marker in a fish species in the absence of a genome map. Additionally, the identified sex-specific marker represents one of only a handful of such markers in fishes.
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Sex determination in Antarctic notothenioid fish: chromosomal clues and evolutionary hypotheses. Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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