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Ghosh C, Kumar N, Kushwah RBS, M. S, Joshi SG, Ramanjini CK, Alalamath T, Srinivasan S, Subramani S, Kumar S, Swain S. Enrichment of phenotype among biological forms of Anopheles stephensi Liston through establishment of isofemale lines. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:79. [PMID: 36855157 PMCID: PMC9976541 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector management programs rely on knowledge of the biology and genetic make-up of mosquitoes. Anopheles stephensi is a major invasive urban malaria vector, distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East, and has recently been expanding its range in Africa. With the existence of three biological forms, distinctly identifiable based on the number of ridges on eggs and varying vectorial competence, An. stephensi is a perfect species for developing isofemale lines, which can be tested for insecticide susceptibility and vectorial competence of various biological forms. METHODS We describe key steps involved in establishment and validation of isofemale lines. Isofemale colonies were further used for the characterization of insecticide susceptibility and differential vector competence. The results were statistically evaluated through descriptive and inferential statistics using Vassar Stat and Prism GraphPad software packages. RESULTS Through a meticulous selection process, we overcame an initial inbreeding depression and found no significant morphometric differences in wings and egg size between the parental and respective isofemale lines in later generations. IndCh and IndInt strains showed variations in resistance to different insecticides belonging to all four major classes. We observed a significant change in vectorial competence between the respective isofemale and parental lines. CONCLUSIONS Isofemale lines can be a valuable resource for characterizing and enhancing several genotypic and phenotypic traits. This is the first detailed report of the establishment of two isofemale lines of type and intermediate biological forms in Anopheles stephensi. The work encompasses characterization of fitness traits among two lines through a transgenerational study. Furthermore, isofemale colonies were established and used to characterize insecticide susceptibility and vector competence. The study provides valuable insights into differential susceptibility status of the parental and isofemale lines to different insecticides belonging to the same class. Corroborating an earlier hypothesis, we demonstrate the high vector competence of the type form relative to the intermediate form using homozygous lines. Using these lines, it is now possible to study host-parasite interactions and identify factors that might be responsible for altered susceptibility and increased vector competence in An. stephensi biological forms that would also pave the way for developing better vector management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Ghosh
- grid.508203.c0000 0004 9410 4854Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- grid.508203.c0000 0004 9410 4854Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Raja Babu Singh Kushwah
- grid.508203.c0000 0004 9410 4854Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 India ,grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Present Address: Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 7845 USA
| | - Soumya M.
- grid.508203.c0000 0004 9410 4854Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Soumya Gopal Joshi
- grid.508203.c0000 0004 9410 4854Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Chethan Kumar Ramanjini
- grid.508203.c0000 0004 9410 4854Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065 India
| | - Tejashwini Alalamath
- grid.418831.70000 0004 0500 991XInstitute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase I, Bangalore, 560100 India
| | - Subhashini Srinivasan
- grid.418831.70000 0004 0500 991XInstitute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase I, Bangalore, 560100 India
| | - Suresh Subramani
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sampath Kumar
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.
| | - Sunita Swain
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Centre at inStem-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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Fraimout A, Jacquemart P, Villarroel B, Aponte DJ, Decamps T, Herrel A, Cornette R, Debat V. Phenotypic plasticity of Drosophila suzukii wing to developmental temperature: implications for flight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/13/jeb166868. [PMID: 29987053 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism that facilitates the success of biological invasions. In order to test the hypothesis of an adaptive role for plasticity in invasions, particular attention should be paid to the relationship between the focal plastic trait, the environmental stimulus and the functional importance of the trait. The Drosophila wing is particularly amenable to experimental studies of phenotypic plasticity. Wing morphology is known for its plastic variation under different experimental temperatures, but this plasticity has rarely been investigated in a functional context of flight. Here, we investigate the effect of temperature on wing morphology and flight in the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii Although the rapid invasion of both Europe and North America was most likely facilitated by human activities, D. suzukii is also expected to disperse actively. By quantifying wing morphology and individual flight trajectories of flies raised under different temperatures, we tested whether (1) invasive populations of D. suzukii show higher phenotypic plasticity than their native counterparts, and (2) wing plasticity affects flight parameters. Developmental temperature was found to affect both wing morphology and flight parameters (in particular speed and acceleration), leaving open the possibility of an adaptive value for wing plasticity. Our results show no difference in phenotypic plasticity between invasive and native populations, rejecting a role for wing plasticity in the invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraimout
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Jacquemart
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Villarroel
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.,Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - David J Aponte
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Thierry Decamps
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, MECADEV-UMR 7179, CNRS, MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
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