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Gule TT, Lemma B, Hailu BT. Factors impacting water quality and quantity in rapidly expanding urban areas based on the DPSIR model: experiences and challenges from Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22131-22144. [PMID: 38403829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing pressures of global change, such as urbanization, climate change, population growth, and socioeconomic changes, cities around the world are facing significant water challenges, both in terms of supply and quality. This emphasizes the need for concerted effort to manage water supplies effectively for sustainable development. The driver, pressure, state, impact, and response (DPSIR) model was applied in this study to determine the underlying causes of Addis Ababa's water supply and quality issues. Field observations, key informant interviews, and previously published reports were used to identify these variables, impacts, and coping mechanisms. The model suggests that issues with urban water are caused by inadequate waste management, fast urbanization, climate change, sociodemographic shifts, economic challenges, changes in land use and land cover, and institutional pressures. As a result, aquatic ecosystems endure damage and there is also an increase in water-related diseases and unmet water demand. Some of the responses to these effects include using bottled water, digging boreholes, harvesting rainwater, planting trees, and soliciting funds. The study concludes by recommending an integrated approach to managing the risks of declining water quality and shortage. This study will advance the important empirical understanding of how urban water supply and quality are impacted by environmental stresses on a global scale. It will also positively impact the development of sustainable water management policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandile T Gule
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Brook Lemma
- College of Natural and Computer Sciences, Aquatic Sciences Section, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Tesfaw Hailu
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 4, Helsinki, Finland
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Saad D, Alamin H. The first evidence of microplastic presence in the River Nile in Khartoum, Sudan: Using Nile Tilapia fish as a bio-indicator. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23393. [PMID: 38163211 PMCID: PMC10755307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent of microplastics in African freshwater systems remains less investigated. In Sudan, there is no single study reporting microplastics in water bodies. This scoping study aimed to investigate the presence and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in Nile Tilapia fish from the River Nile in Khartoum, Sudan. The digestive tracts of the fish were digested using 10% potassium hydroxide, and microplastic particles were extracted by density separation using sodium iodide. 567 particles of different sizes (0.04-4.94 mm), shapes (fibers, fragments, films, foams, and pellets), and colours (mostly green, black, blue, and grey) were identified as microplastics. The average abundance of microplastics was 72.02 ± 62.06 particles/kg, and the average intensity was 18.90 ± 9.17 MPs/fish. Small-sized (<1 mm), fibrous-shaped, and coloured microplastics were most abundant in all samples, representing 56%, 85%, and 84%, respectively. Surface examination by SEM showed signs of fragmentation such as cracks, pits, and pores. Two polymer types (high-density polyethylene and polypropylene) were identified by Raman spectroscopy. The predominance of fibers and fragments (94.5%) over pellets (0.35%) and the apparent signs of fragmentation may indicate that MPs are mostly secondary MPs. Wastewater effluent, domestic discharge, and recreational activities are the potential sources. This scoping investigation provided the first data on microplastic presence in the River Nile in Khartoum, and it could be used to guide future studies to fill research gaps in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Saad
- School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hadeel Alamin
- School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Onen P, Akemkwene R, Nakiguli CK, Nimusiima D, Ruma DH, Khanakwa AV, Angiro C, Bamanya G, Opio B, Gonzaga A, Omara T. Health Risks from Intake and Contact with Toxic Metal-Contaminated Water from Pager River, Uganda. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:544-559. [PMID: 37873812 PMCID: PMC10594420 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution of water resources is one of the major impediments to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical quality and potentially toxic element (lead and cadmium) concentrations in surface water sampled from Pager River, a tributary of the Nile River in Northern Uganda. Water samples (n = 18) were taken from six different points upstream (A, B, and C) and downstream (D, E, and F) of the river and analyzed following standard methods for their physiochemical properties. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify lead and cadmium concentrations. Human health risks from ingestion and dermal contact with potentially toxic metal-contaminated water were calculated. The results obtained indicated that the mean temperature (27.7 ± 0.5-29.5 ± 0.8 °C), turbidity (40.7 ± 2.1-50.1 ± 1.1 NTU), lead (0.296 ± 0.030-0.576 ± 0.163 mg/L) and cadmium (0.278 ± 0.040-0.524 ± 0.040 mg/L) occurred at levels that surpassed their permissible limits as per World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water. Human health risk assessment showed that there are potential non-cancer risks from the ingestion of water from Pager River by adults, as the total hazard quotients were greater than one. These results emphasize the urgency to restrict the dumping of wastes into the river to minimize chances of impacting the Nile River, which flows northwards to the Mediterranean Sea. Further studies should perform routine monitoring of the river during both dry and wet seasons to establish the spatiotemporal variations of physicochemical, microbial, and trace metal profiles of the river and the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Onen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
| | - Robin Akemkwene
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
| | - Caroline K. Nakiguli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, Uganda
| | - Daniel Nimusiima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, Uganda
| | - Daniel Hendry Ruma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Kyambogo University, Kampala P.O. Box 1, Uganda
| | - Alice V. Khanakwa
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, Lira P.O. Box 1035, Uganda
| | - Christopher Angiro
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Gadson Bamanya
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala P.O. Box 20000, Uganda
| | - Boniface Opio
- Department of Science and Vocational Education, Lira University, Lira P.O. Box 1035, Uganda
| | - Allan Gonzaga
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala P.O. Box 20000, Uganda
| | - Timothy Omara
- Chemistry Division, Testing Department, Uganda National Bureau of Standards, Kampala P.O. Box 6329, Uganda
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Cazenave A, Baratoux D, Lopez T, Kouamé JK, Benveniste J, Moreira L. Guest Editorial: International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on Global Change in Africa. SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS 2023; 44:1-5. [PMID: 36712174 PMCID: PMC9875754 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-022-09763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anny Cazenave
- LEGOS, Université Toulouse III, IRD, CNES, CNRS, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - David Baratoux
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, IRD, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- UFR Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Teodolina Lopez
- Cerema, OSECC Team, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Research Team ENDSUM, 76121 Le Grand Quevilly, France
| | - Jean Kan Kouamé
- Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d’Applications en Télédétection (CURAT), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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