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Zeng Y, He X, Danyukova T, Pohl S, Kermode AR. Toward Engineering the Mannose 6-Phosphate Elaboration Pathway in Plants for Enzyme Replacement Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122190. [PMID: 31842258 PMCID: PMC6947217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I is a severe lysosomal storage disease caused by α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency, which results in accumulation of non-degraded glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes. Costly enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the conventional treatment for MPS I. Toward producing a more cost-effective and safe alternative to the commercial mammalian cell-based production systems, we have produced recombinant human IDUA in seeds of an Arabidopsis mutant to generate the enzyme in a biologically active and non-immunogenic form containing predominantly high mannose N-linked glycans. Recombinant enzyme in ERT is generally thought to require a mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) targeting signal for endocytosis into patient cells and for intracellular delivery to the lysosome. Toward effecting in planta phosphorylation, the human M6P elaboration machinery was successfully co-expressed along with the recombinant human IDUA using a single multi-gene construct. Uptake studies using purified putative M6P-IDUA generated in planta on cultured MPS I primary fibroblasts indicated that the endocytosed recombinant lysosomal enzyme led to substantial reduction of glycosaminoglycans. However, the efficiency of the putative M6P-IDUA in reducing glycosaminoglycan storage was comparable with the efficiency of the purified plant mannose-terminated IDUA, suggesting a poor in planta M6P-elaboration by the expressed machinery. Although the in planta M6P-tagging process efficiency would need to be improved, an exciting outcome of our work was that the plant-derived mannose-terminated IDUA yielded results comparable to those obtained with the commercial IDUA (Aldurazyme® (Sanofi, Paris, France)), and a significant amount of the plant-IDUA is trafficked by a M6P receptor-independent pathway. Thus, a plant-based platform for generating lysosomal hydrolases may represent an alternative and cost-effective strategy to the conventional ERT, without the requirement for additional processing to create the M6P motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada; (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xu He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada; (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (T.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Allison R. Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada; (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +778-782-3982
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Das D, Lee WS, Grant JC, Chiu HJ, Farr CL, Vance J, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Miller MD, Elsliger MA, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Kornfeld S, Wilson IA. Structure and function of the DUF2233 domain in bacteria and in the human mannose 6-phosphate uncovering enzyme. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16789-16799. [PMID: 23572527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.434977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DUF2233, a domain of unknown function (DUF), is present in many bacterial and several viral proteins and was also identified in the mammalian transmembrane glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester α-N-acetylglucosaminidase ("uncovering enzyme" (UCE)). We report the crystal structure of BACOVA_00430, a 315-residue protein from the human gut bacterium Bacteroides ovatus that is the first structural representative of the DUF2233 protein family. A notable feature of this structure is the presence of a surface cavity that is populated by residues that are highly conserved across the entire family. The crystal structure was used to model the luminal portion of human UCE (hUCE), which is involved in targeting of lysosomal enzymes. Mutational analysis of several residues in a highly conserved surface cavity of hUCE revealed that they are essential for function. The bacterial enzyme (BACOVA_00430) has ∼1% of the catalytic activity of hUCE toward the substrate GlcNAc-P-mannose, the precursor of the Man-6-P lysosomal targeting signal. GlcNAc-1-P is a poor substrate for both enzymes. We conclude that, for at least a subset of proteins in this family, DUF2233 functions as a phosphodiester glycosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanu Das
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Wang-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joanna C Grant
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Protein Sciences Department, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chiu
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Carol L Farr
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Julie Vance
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Protein Sciences Department, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Heath E Klock
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Protein Sciences Department, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Mark W Knuth
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Protein Sciences Department, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Mitchell D Miller
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Marc-André Elsliger
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ashley M Deacon
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Adam Godzik
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Program on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Scott A Lesley
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Protein Sciences Department, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stuart Kornfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Menlo Park, California 94025; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.
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Kang C, Drayna D. A role for inherited metabolic deficits in persistent developmental stuttering. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:276-80. [PMID: 22884963 PMCID: PMC3483359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stuttering is a common but poorly understood speech disorder. Consistent evidence for the involvement of genetic factors in stuttering has motivated studies aimed at identifying causative genetic variants that could shed light on the underlying molecular and cellular deficits in this disorder. Such studies have begun to identify causative genes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the gene discoveries to date, and to cover the subsequent functional studies that are beginning to provide insights into how these gene mutations might cause stuttering. Surprisingly, the first variant genes to be associated with stuttering are those encoding the lysosomal targeting system, GNPTAB, GNPTG, and NAGPA. Although mutations in NAGPA have not been associated with a disorder in humans, mutations in GNPTAB and GNPTG cause mucolipidosis types II and III, which are rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders, associated with pathology of bone, connective tissue, liver, spleen, and brain. Analysis of mutations in these genes has so far identified predominantly missense mutations in stuttering, in contrast to the truncating and other mutations that result in very low GNPTAB/G enzyme activity and are historically associated with mucolipidosis. Genetic evidence for the role of lysosomal targeting mutations in stuttering has now been buttressed by biochemical studies of the mutant enzymes found in this disorder. While data on the GlcNAc-phosphotransferase encoded by GNPTAB/G remains limited and only suggestive, a study of the enzyme encoded by NAGPA has shown that the mutations found in stuttering reduce the overall cellular activity of this enzyme by about half, and that they result in deficits in intracellular processing and trafficking that lead to a reduced cellular half life. How these deficits result in the presumed speech-specific neuropathology associated with stuttering is not yet known. However these findings have opened several new lines of inquiry, including studies in mice carrying human stuttering mutations, that represent promising approaches to this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoo Kang
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dennis Drayna
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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