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Subramaniam Y, Subban K, Chelliah J. A novel synergistic anticancer effect of fungal cholestanol glucoside and paclitaxel: Apoptosis induced by an intrinsic pathway through ROS generation in cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105079. [PMID: 33422634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the search for efficient therapeutics with economically viable for cancer treatment, combination therapy has developed as a keystone in the pursuit of novel approaches for drug discovery. In this regard, we confirmed the presence of cholestanol glucoside (CG) in Lasiodiplodia theobromae culture filtrate and its production was estimated to be 20.01 mg/l. The purified fungal CG was obtained with a molecular mass of 550.18 m/z. The combination of CG and paclitaxel (PTX) was found to have potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. We revealed that the synergistic effect of CG and PTX induced apoptosis through the formation of nuclear fragments, DNA fragmentation and sub G1 cell cycle arrest. Further, it was proven that apoptosis took place by loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and caspase 3/7 activity. Moreover, the data suggests that the synergistic effect of CG and PTX played a role in a mitochondrial intrinsic pathway through the apoptotic gene expression of Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3. In addition, the down-regulation of Bcl-2 strongly described the induced apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway using the Western blot analysis. The conclusion of this study is that a combination of CG and PTX has synergistic apoptotic effects in HeLa cells, which provides a possible therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Antharam VC, McEwen DC, Garrett TJ, Dossey AT, Li EC, Kozlov AN, Mesbah Z, Wang GP. An Integrated Metabolomic and Microbiome Analysis Identified Specific Gut Microbiota Associated with Fecal Cholesterol and Coprostanol in Clostridium difficile Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148824. [PMID: 26871580 PMCID: PMC4752508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is characterized by dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and a profound derangement in the fecal metabolome. However, the contribution of specific gut microbes to fecal metabolites in C. difficile-associated gut microbiome remains poorly understood. Using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 16S rRNA deep sequencing, we analyzed the metabolome and microbiome of fecal samples obtained longitudinally from subjects with Clostridium difficile infection (n = 7) and healthy controls (n = 6). From 155 fecal metabolites, we identified two sterol metabolites at >95% match to cholesterol and coprostanol that significantly discriminated C. difficile-associated gut microbiome from healthy microbiota. By correlating the levels of cholesterol and coprostanol in fecal extracts with 2,395 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified 63 OTUs associated with high levels of coprostanol and 2 OTUs correlated with low coprostanol levels. Using indicator species analysis (ISA), 31 of the 63 coprostanol-associated bacteria correlated with health, and two Veillonella species were associated with low coprostanol levels that correlated strongly with CDI. These 65 bacterial taxa could be clustered into 12 sub-communities, with each community containing a consortium of organisms that co-occurred with one another. Our studies identified 63 human gut microbes associated with cholesterol-reducing activities. Given the importance of gut bacteria in reducing and eliminating cholesterol from the GI tract, these results support the recent finding that gut microbiome may play an important role in host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay C Antharam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel C McEwen
- Department of Biosciences, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, United States of America
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Aaron T Dossey
- All Things Bugs LLC, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Eric C Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew N Kozlov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Zhubene Mesbah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Gary P Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.,Medical Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Takahashi R, Yokobori T, Osone K, Tatsuki H, Takada T, Suto T, Yajima R, Kato T, Fujii T, Tsutsumi S, Kuwano H, Asao T. Establishment of a novel method to evaluate peritoneal microdissemination and therapeutic effect using luciferase assay. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:341-6. [PMID: 26716425 PMCID: PMC4814254 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a major cause of recurrence in patients with malignant tumors in the peritoneal cavity. Effective anticancer agents and treatment protocols are necessary to improve outcomes in these patients. However, previous studies using mouse models of peritoneal dissemination have not detected any drug effect against peritoneal micrometastasis. Here we used the luciferase assay to evaluate peritoneal micrometastasis in living animals and established an accurate mouse model of early peritoneal microdissemination to evaluate tumorigenesis and drug efficacy. There was a positive correlation between luminescence intensity in in vivo luciferase assay and the extent of tumor dissemination evaluated by ex vivo luciferase assay and mesenteric weight. This model has advantages over previous models because optimal luciferin concentration without cell damage was validated and peritoneal microdissemination could be quantitatively evaluated. Therefore, it is a useful model to validate peritoneal micrometastasis formation and to evaluate drug efficacy without killing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Osone
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Tatsuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takada
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshinaga Suto
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reina Yajima
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kato
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Souichi Tsutsumi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Hadisaputri YE, Miyazaki T, Suzuki S, Kubo N, Zuhrotun A, Yokobori T, Abdulah R, Yazawa S, Kuwano H. Molecular characterization of antitumor effects of the rhizome extract from Curcuma zedoaria on human esophageal carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2255-63. [PMID: 26498695 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma zedoaria has been used as a traditional agent against malignant diseases. To elucidate detailed mechanisms producing such an activity, characterization and determination of molecular mechanisms of its antitumor effects was conducted. Inhibiting activities against cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation, and expression levels of corresponding molecules were investigated using human esophageal cancer TE-8 cells treated with the rhizome extract from C. zedoaria. Antitumor effect of the extract administered orally was also examined in tumor-bearing mice. The extract possessed strong anti-proliferation and invasion activities against TE-8 cells. Further, upregulated PTEN and downregulated phosphorylated Akt, mTOR and STAT3 expressions in the cells were induced shortly after treatment with the extract, followed by attenuation of FGFR1 and MMP-2, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP, and suppression of Bcl-2 expressions, which led the cells to apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, tumor formation in mice was significantly suppressed through the oral administration of the extract. Taken together, these results suggest that the C. zedoaria extract could be a promising agent against esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ade Zuhrotun
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
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Faried A, Arifin MZ, Ishiuchi S, Kuwano H, Yazawa S. Enhanced expression of proapoptotic and autophagic proteins involved in the cell death of glioblastoma induced by synthetic glycans. J Neurosurg 2014; 120:1298-308. [PMID: 24678780 DOI: 10.3171/2014.1.jns131534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor, and overall patient survival has not been prolonged even by conventional therapies. Previously, the authors found that chemically synthesized glycans could be anticancer agents against growth of a series of cancer cells. In this study, the authors examined the effects of glycans on the growth of glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The authors investigated not only the occurrence of changes in the cell signaling molecules and expression levels of various proteins related to cell death, but also a mouse model involving the injection of glioblastoma cells following the administration of synthetic glycans. RESULTS Synthetic glycans inhibited the growth of glioblastoma cells, induced the apoptosis of the cells with cleaved poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression and DNA fragmentation, and also caused autophagy, as shown by the detection of autophagosome proteins and monodansylcadaverine staining. Furthermore, tumor growth in the in vivo mouse model was significantly inhibited. A dramatic induction of programmed cell death was found in glioblastoma cells after treatment with synthetic glycans. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that synthetic glycans could be a promising novel anticancer agent for performing chemotherapy against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Radwan AA, Alanazi FK. Targeting cancer using cholesterol conjugates. Saudi Pharm J 2014; 22:3-16. [PMID: 24493968 PMCID: PMC3909757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of cholesterol moiety to active compounds for either cancer treatment or diagnosis is an attractive approach. Cholesterol derivatives are widely studied as cancer diagnostic agents and as anticancer derivatives either in vitro or in vivo using animal models. In largely growing studies, anticancer agents have been chemically conjugated to cholesterol molecules, to enhance their pharmacokinetic behavior, cellular uptake, target specificity, and safety. To efficiently deliver anticancer agents to the target cells and tissues, many different cholesterol-anticancer conjugates were synthesized and characterized, and their anticancer efficiencies were tested in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awwad A. Radwan
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Fares K. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Jahn KA, Su Y, Braet F. Multifaceted nature of membrane microdomains in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:681-90. [PMID: 21390137 PMCID: PMC3042645 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i6.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains or lipid rafts are known to be highly dynamic and to act as selective signal transduction mediators that facilitate interactions between the cell’s external and internal environments. Lipid rafts play an important mediating role in the biology of cancer: they have been found in almost all existing experimental cancer models, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and play key regulatory roles in cell migration, metastasis, cell survival and tumor progression. This paper explores the current state of knowledge in this field by highlighting some of the pioneering and recent lipid raft studies performed on different CRC cell lines and human tissue samples. From this literature review, it becomes clear that membrane microdomains appear to be implicated in all key intracellular signaling pathways for lipid metabolism, drug resistance, cell adhesion, cell death, cell proliferation and many other processes in CRC. All signal transduction pathways seem to originate directly from those peculiar lipid islands, thereby orchestrating the colon cancer cells’ state and fate. As confirmed by recent animal and preclinical studies in different CRC models, continuing to unravel the structure and function of lipid rafts - including their associated complex signaling pathways - will likely bring us one step closer to better monitoring and treating of colon cancer patients.
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