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Hořejší K, Jin C, Vaňková Z, Jirásko R, Strouhal O, Melichar B, Teneberg S, Holčapek M. Comprehensive characterization of complex glycosphingolipids in human pancreatic cancer tissues. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102923. [PMID: 36681125 PMCID: PMC9976472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 90% of primary pancreatic tumors with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. PDAC exhibits aggressive biology, which, together with late detection, results in most PDAC patients presenting with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease. In-depth lipid profiling and screening of potential biomarkers currently appear to be a promising approach for early detection of PDAC or other cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized complex glycosphingolipids (GSL) from normal and tumor pancreatic tissues of patients with PDAC using a combination of TLC, chemical staining, carbohydrate-recognized ligand-binding assay, and LC/ESI-MS2. The major neutral GSL identified were GSL with the terminal blood groups A, B, H, Lea, Leb, Lex, Ley, P1, and PX2 determinants together with globo- (Gb3 and Gb4) and neolacto-series GSL (nLc4 and nLc6). We also revealed that the neutral GSL profiles and their relative amounts differ between normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, the normal and tumor pancreatic tissues differ in type 1/2 core chains. Sulfatides and GM3 gangliosides were the predominant acidic GSL along with the minor sialyl-nLc4/nLc6 and sialyl-Lea/Lex. The comprehensive analysis of GSL in human PDAC tissues extends the GSL coverage and provides an important platform for further studies of GSL alterations; therefore, it could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hořejší
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Proteomics Core Facility, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Vaňková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistryand University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistryand University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Susann Teneberg
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Characterization of Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Glycosphingolipids Identifies Potential Cancer Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910463. [PMID: 34638800 PMCID: PMC8509059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for only 1–2% of thyroid cancers; however, metastatic MTC is a mortal disease with no cure. In this study, glycosphingolipids were isolated from human MTCs and characterized by mass spectrometry and binding of carbohydrate recognizing ligands. The tissue distribution of selected compounds was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The amount of acid glycosphingolipids in the MTCs was higher than in the normal thyroid glands. The major acid glycosphingolipid was the GD3 ganglioside. Sulfatide and the gangliosides GM3 and GD1a were also present. The majority of the complex non-acid glycosphingolipids had type 2 (Galβ4GlcNAc) core chains, i.e., the neolactotetraosylceramide, the Lex, H type 2 and x2 pentaosylceramides, the Ley and A type 2 hexaosylceramides, and the A type 2 heptaosylceramide. There were also compounds with globo (GalαGalβ4Glc) core, i.e., globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, the Forssman pentaosylceramide, and the Globo H hexaosylceramide. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an extensive expression av Ley in the MTC cells and also a variable intensity and prevalence of Globo H and Lex. One individual with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B expressed the Forssman determinant, which is rarely found in humans. This study of human MTC glycosphingolipids identifies glycans that could serve as potential tumor-specific markers.
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Song X. Preparation of Complex Glycans From Natural Sources for Functional Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32719769 PMCID: PMC7348041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One major barrier in glycoscience is the lack of diverse and biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantities for functional study. Complex glycans from natural sources serve as an important source of these glycans and an alternative to challenging chemoenzymatic synthesis. This review discusses preparation of complex glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates using both enzymatic and chemical release approaches. Novel technologies have been developed to advance the large-scale preparation of complex glycans from natural sources. We also highlight recent approaches and methods developed in functional and fluorescent tagging and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isolation of released glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Aoki K, Heaps AD, Strauss KA, Tiemeyer M. Mass spectrometric quantification of plasma glycosphingolipids in human GM3 ganglioside deficiency. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 14 Pt B:106-114. [PMID: 34917767 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Among Amish communities of North America, biallelic mutations of ST3GAL5 (c.694C > T) eliminate synthesis of GM3 and its derivative downstream a- and b-series gangliosides. Systemic ganglioside deficiency is associated with infantile onset psychomotor retardation, slow brain growth, intractable epilepsy, deafness, and cortical visual impairment. We developed a robust quantitative assay to simultaneously characterize glycan and ceramide moieties of plasma glycosphingolipids (GSLs) among ST3GAL5 c.694C > T homozygotes (n = 8), their heterozygous siblings (n = 24), and wild type control (n = 19) individuals. Methods Following extraction and saponification of total plasma lipids, GSLs were purified on a tC18 cartridge column, permethylated, and subjected to nanospray ionization mass spectrometry utilizing neutral loss scanning and data-dependent acquisition. Plasma GSLs were quantified against appropriate synthetic standards. Results Our method demonstrated linearity from 5 to 250 μl of plasma. Recovery of synthetic GSLs spiked into plasma was 99-104% with no matrix interference. Quantitative plasma GSL profiles discriminated among ST3GAL5 genotypes: GM3 and GD3 were undetectable in ST3GAL5 c.694C > T homozygotes, who had markedly elevated lactosylceramide (19.17 ± 4.20 nmol/ml) relative to heterozygous siblings (9.62 ± 2.46 nmol/ml) and wild type controls (6.55 ± 2.16 nmol/ml). Children with systemic ganglioside deficiency had a distinctive shift in ceramide composition toward higher mass species. Conclusions Our quantitative glycolipidomics method discriminates among ST3GAL5 c.694C > T genotypes, can reveal subtle structural heterogeneity, and represents a useful new strategy to diagnose and monitor GSL disorders in humans.
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Key Words
- CID, collision-induced dissociation
- Cer, ceramide
- Dp, degree of polymerization
- EGCase, endoglycosylceramidase
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- GD3, disialo-ganglioside GD3 (IUPAC-IUB: II3- α -(Neu5Ac)2-Gg2Cer)
- GM1b, monosialo-ganglioside GM1b (IUPAC-IUB: IV3-α-Neu5Ac-Gg4Cer)
- GM3
- GM3, monosialo-ganglioside GM3
- GSL, glycosphingolipid
- Gal, galactose
- GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine
- Ganglioside
- Gb3, globotriaosylceramide (IUPAC-IUB: Gb3Cer)
- Gb3-D, deuterated Gb3
- Gb4, globotetraosylceramide (IUPAC-IUB: Gb4Cer)
- Glc, glucose
- GlcCer, glucosylceramide
- Glycosphingolipid
- LacCer, lactosylceramide
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSn, multidimensional mass spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- NL, neutral loss
- NSI, nanospray ionization
- Neu5Ac, sialic acid as N-5-acetylneuraminic acid
- Plasma
- ST3GAL5, CMP-Neu5Ac:Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5, previously known as SIAT9, SIATGM3S, ST3GalV, GM3-synthase
- TIM, total ion mapping
- UPLC, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Greece
| | - Adam D Heaps
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, United States
| | - Kevin A Strauss
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, PA, United States.,Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, Greece
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Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lasanajak Y, Song X. Anthranilic Acid as a Versatile Fluorescent Tag and Linker for Functional Glycomics. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3847-3855. [PMID: 30380836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of glycoscience is critically dependent on the access to a large number of glycans for their functional study. Naturally occurring glycans are considered a viable source for diverse and biologically relevant glycan libraries. A mixture of free reducing glycans released from natural sources can be fluorescently tagged and separated by chromatography to produce a natural glycan library. Anthranilic acid (AA) has been widely used to fluorescently tag reducing glycans for HPLC or LC/MS analysis. However, AA conjugated glycans are not efficiently immobilized on microarray slides due to the lack of a primary alkylamine functional group. In this study, we have developed simple and efficient chemistry for bioconjugation and further functionalization of glycan-AA conjugates. This new approach enables quick preparation of glycan microarrays and neoglycoproteins from glycan-AA conjugates, which can be separated by weak anion exchange (WAX) and C18 reversed-phase HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Xueyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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Benktander JD, Gizaw ST, Gaunitz S, Novotny MV. Analytical Scheme Leading to Integrated High-Sensitivity Profiling of Glycosphingolipids Together with N- and O-Glycans from One Sample. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1125-1137. [PMID: 29744812 PMCID: PMC6226365 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are directly or indirectly involved in many biological processes. Due to their complex structures, the structural elucidation of glycans and the exploration of their role in biological systems have been challenging. Glycan pools generated through release from glycoprotein or glycolipid mixtures can often be very complex. For the sake of procedural simplicity, many glycan profiling studies choose to concentrate on a single class of glycoconjugates. In this paper, we demonstrate it feasible to cover glycosphingolipids, N-glycans, and O-glycans isolated from the same sample. Small volumes of human blood serum and ascites fluid as well as small mouse brain tissue samples are sufficient to profile sequentially glycans from all three classes of glycoconjugates and even positively identify some mixture components through MALDI-MS and LC-ESI-MS. The results show that comprehensive glycan profiles can be obtained from the equivalent of 500-μg protein starting material or possibly less. These methodological improvements can help accelerating future glycomic comprehensive studies, especially for precious clinical samples. Graphical Abstract Outline of glycan profiling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Benktander
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Solomon T Gizaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Stefan Gaunitz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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8
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Kallemeijn WW, Scheij S, Voorn-Brouwer TM, Witte MD, Verhoek M, Overkleeft HS, Boot RG, Aerts JMFG. Endo-β-Glucosidase Tag Allows Dual Detection of Fusion Proteins by Fluorescent Mechanism-Based Probes and Activity Measurement. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1698-704. [PMID: 27383447 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucoside-configured cyclophellitols are activity-based probes (ABPs) that allow sensitive detection of β-glucosidases. Their applicability to detect proteins fused with β-glucosidase was investigated in the cellular context. The tag was Rhodococcus sp. M-777 endoglycoceramidase II (EGCaseII), based on its lack of glycans and ability to hydrolyze fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl β-d-lactoside (an activity absent in mammalian cells). Specific dual detection of fusion proteins was possible in vitro and in situ by using fluorescent ABPs and a fluorogenic substrate. Pre-blocking with conduritol β-epoxide (a poor inhibitor of EGCaseII) eliminated ABP labeling of endogenous β-glucosidases. ABPs equipped with biotin allowed convenient purification of the fusion proteins. Diversification of ABPs (distinct fluorophores, fluorogenic high-resolution detection moieties) should assist further research in living cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, NL
| | - Saskia Scheij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Tineke M Voorn-Brouwer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Martin D Witte
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL.,Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, NL
| | - Marri Verhoek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, NL
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, NL
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, NL
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, NL.
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Characterization of moose intestinal glycosphingolipids. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:393-412. [PMID: 26104834 PMCID: PMC4515253 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
As a part of a systematic investigation of the species-specific expression of glycosphingolipids, acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from three small intestines and one large intestine of the moose (Alces alces). The glycosphingolipids were characterized by binding of monoclonal antibodies, lectins and bacteria in chromatogram binding assays, and by mass spectrometry. The non-acid fractions were complex mixtures, and all had glycosphingolipids belonging to the lacto- and neolactoseries (lactotriaosylceramide, lactotetraosylceramide, neolactotetraosylceramide, Galα3-Lex hexaosylceramide, and lacto-neolactohexaosylceramide), globo-series (globotriaosylceramide and globotetraosylceramide), and isogloboseries (isoglobotriaosylceramide). Penta- and heptaglycosylceramides with terminal Galili determinants were also characterized. Furthermore, glycosphingolipids with terminal blood group O determinants (H triaosylceramide, H type 2 pentaosylceramide, H type 1 penta- and heptaosylceramide) were characterized in two of the moose small intestines, and in the one large intestine, while the third small intestine had glycosphingolipids with terminal blood group A determinants (A tetraosylceramide, A type 1 hexa- and octaosylceramide, A dodecaosylceramide). The acid glycosphingolipid fractions of moose small and large intestine contained sulfatide, and the gangliosides GM3, GD3, GD1a, GD1b, and also NeuGc and NeuAc variants of the Sda ganglioside and the sialyl-globopenta/SSEA-4 ganglioside. In humans, the NeuAc-globopenta/SSEA-4 ganglioside is a marker of embryonic and adult stem cells, and is also expressed in several human cancers. This is the first time sialyl-globopentaosylceramide/SSEA-4 has been characterized in a fully differentiated normal tissue, and also the first time NeuGc-globopentaosylceramide has been characterized.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Anugraham M, Everest-Dass AV, Jacob F, Packer NH. A platform for the structural characterization of glycans enzymatically released from glycosphingolipids extracted from tissue and cells. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015. [PMID: 26212272 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) constitute a highly diverse class of glyco-conjugates which are involved in many aspects of cell membrane function and disease. The isolation, detection and structural characterization of the carbohydrate (glycan) component of GSLs are particularly challenging given their structural heterogeneity and thus rely on the development of sensitive, analytical technologies. METHODS Neutral and acidic GSL standards were immobilized onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and glycans were enzymatically released using endoglycoceramidase II (EGCase II), separated by porous graphitized carbon (PGC) liquid chromatography and structurally characterized by negative ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PGC-LC/ESI-MS/MS). This approach was then employed for GSLs isolated from 100 mg of serous and endometrioid cancer tissue and from cell line (10(7) cells) samples. RESULTS Glycans were released from GSL standards comprising of ganglio-, asialo-ganglio- and the relatively resistant globo-series glycans, using as little as 1 mU of enzyme and 2 µg of GSL. The platform of analysis was then applied to GSLs isolated from tissue and cell line samples and the released isomeric and isobaric glycan structures were chromatographically resolved on PGC and characterized by comparison with the MS(2) fragment ion spectra of the glycan standards and by application of known structural MS(2) fragment ions. This approach identified several (neo-)lacto-, globo- and ganglio-series glycans and facilitated the discrimination of isomeric structures containing Lewis A, H type 1 and type 2 blood group antigens and sialyl-tetraosylceramides. CONCLUSION We describe a relatively simple, detergent-free, enzymatic release of glycans from PVDF-immobilized GSLs, followed by the detailed structural analysis afforded by PGC-LC-ESI-MS/MS, to offer a versatile method for the analysis of tumour and cell-derived GSL-glycans. The method uses the potential of MS(2) fragmentation in negative ion ESI mode to characterize, in detail, the biologically relevant glycan structures derived from GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrina Anugraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Arun Vijay Everest-Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Francis Jacob
- Gynecological Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
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Ishida J, Hinou H, Naruchi K, Nishimura SI. Synthesis of neoglycosphingolipid from methoxyamino-functionalized ceramide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1197-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Diswall M, Benktander J, Ångström J, Teneberg S, Breimer ME. The alpha1,3GalT knockout/alpha1,2FucT transgenic pig does not appear to have an advantage over the alpha1,3GalT knockout pig with respect to glycolipid reactivity with human serum antibodies. Xenotransplantation 2013; 21:57-71. [PMID: 24219248 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human H-transferase (α2FucT) was introduced in Gal-negative pigs to produce pig organs not only free from Gal-antigens, but also in which the uncapped N-acetyllactosamine precursor had been transformed into non-xenogenic blood group H type 2 compounds. This work is the first descriptive analysis of glycolipids from the GalT-KO/FucT-TG pig. The aim was to investigate the cell membrane antigens in GalT-KO/FucT-TG tissues to explore its efficacy as an organ donor. Also, detailed knowledge on the correlation between the cellular glycosyltransferase configuration and the resulting carbohydrate phenotype expression is valuable from a basic glycobiological perspective. METHODS Neutral and acidic glycolipids from GalT-KO/FucT-TG small intestine were compared with glycolipids from two wildtype and two GalT-KO pig intestines. Glycolipid reactivity was tested on thin layer chromatography plates using chemical reagents, antibodies, lectins, and human serum. Structural characterization of neutral glycolipids was performed by LC-ESI/MS and proton NMR spectroscopy. RESULTS Characterization of the glycolipid expression in GalT-KO/FucT-TG intestine showed absence of Gal antigens and decreased/unchanged levels of the N-acetyllactosamine precursor and the blood group H type 2 expression, when compared with the wildtype. The reactivity of human serum antibodies to GalT-KO/FucT-TG derived glycolipids was similar or slightly elevated when compared with GalT-KO glycolipids. Results from LC-ESI/MS and proton NMR spectroscopy revealed no established neutral xenogenic antigens in the GalT-KO/FucT-TG pig, and could thus not explain the immunologic reactivity to human serum antibodies. The antibody binding to acidic glycolipids is most likely to be explained by the abundance of N-glycolylneuraminic acid epitopes in pig tissues. Six neutral complex biantennary glycolipids with blood group H type 1, 2, Lewis(x) and Lewis(y) determinants were found, of which three were identified in this work for the first time. One of these was a nonaglycosylceramide with blood group H type 2 and lactosyl determinants linked to a lactotetraosyl core, and the other two were decaglycosylceramides with blood group H type 1 and H type 2 determinants linked to a neolactotetraosyl core, and Lewis(x) and blood group H type 1 determinants on a lactotetraosyl core, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lipid-linked carbohydrate antigens in the GalT-KO/FucT-TG pig intestine showed no or minor qualitative difference when compared with GalT-KO pigs. The GalT-KO/FucT-TG pig did not appear to have an advantage over the GalT-KO pig with respect to reactivity with human antibodies from a xenotransplantation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Diswall
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy/Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Barone A, Benktander J, Ångström J, Aspegren A, Björquist P, Teneberg S, Breimer ME. Structural complexity of non-acid glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells grown under feeder-free conditions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10035-10050. [PMID: 23404501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.436162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their pluripotency and growth capability, there are great expectations for human embryonic stem cells, both as a resource for functional studies of early human development and as a renewable source of cells for use in regenerative medicine and transplantation. However, to bring human embryonic stem cells into clinical applications, their cell surface antigen expression and its chemical structural complexity have to be defined. In the present study, total non-acid glycosphingolipid fractions were isolated from two human embryonic stem cell lines (SA121 and SA181) originating from leftover in vitro fertilized human embryos, using large amounts of starting material (1 × 10(9) cells/cell line). The total non-acid glycosphingolipid fractions were characterized by antibody and lectin binding, mass spectrometry, and proton NMR. In addition to the globo-series and type 1 core chain glycosphingolipids previously described in human embryonic stem cells, a number of type 2 core chain glycosphingolipids (neo-lactotetraosylceramide, the H type 2 pentaosylceramide, the Le(x) pentaosylceramide, and the Le(y) hexaosylceramide) were identified as well as the blood group A type 1 hexaosylceramide. Finally, the mono-, di-, and triglycosylceramides were characterized as galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, galabiaosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, and lactotriaosylceramide. Thus, the glycan diversity of human embryonic stem cells, including cell surface immune determinants, is more complex than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barone
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-41 345 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - John Benktander
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, P.O. Box 440, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ångström
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, P.O. Box 440, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Aspegren
- Cellectis Stem Cells, Cellartis AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Petter Björquist
- Cellectis Stem Cells, Cellartis AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, P.O. Box 440, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Michael E Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-41 345 Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Kolter T. Ganglioside biochemistry. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:506160. [PMID: 25969757 PMCID: PMC4393008 DOI: 10.5402/2012/506160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They occur especially on the cellular surfaces of neuronal cells, where they form a complex pattern, but are also found in many other cell types. The paper provides a general overview on their structures, occurrence, and metabolism. Key functional, biochemical, and pathobiochemical aspects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, LiMES, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Benktander J, Ångström J, Breimer ME, Teneberg S. Redefinition of the carbohydrate binding specificity of Helicobacter pylori BabA adhesin. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31712-24. [PMID: 22822069 PMCID: PMC3442506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain Helicobacter pylori strains adhere to the human gastric epithelium using the blood group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA). All BabA-expressing H. pylori strains bind to the blood group O determinants on type 1 core chains, i.e. to the Lewis b antigen (Fucα2Galβ3(Fucα4)GlcNAc; Leb) and the H type 1 determinant (Fucα2Galβ3GlcNAc). Recently, BabA strains have been categorized into those recognizing only Leb and H type 1 determinants (designated specialist strains) and those that also bind to A and B type 1 determinants (designated generalist strains). Here, the structural requirements for carbohydrate recognition by generalist and specialist BabA were further explored by binding of these types of strains to a panel of different glycosphingolipids. Three glycosphingolipids recognized by both specialist and generalist BabA were isolated from the small intestine of a blood group O pig and characterized by mass spectrometry and proton NMR as H type 1 pentaglycosylceramide (Fucα2Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer), Globo H hexaglycosylceramide (Fucα2Galβ3GalNAcβ3Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1Cer), and a mixture of three complex glycosphingolipids (Fucα2Galβ4GlcNAcβ6(Fucα2Galβ3GlcNAcβ3)Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer, Fucα2Galβ3GlcNAcβ6(Fucα2Galβ3GlcNAcβ3)Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer, and Fucα2Galβ4(Fucα3)GlcNAcβ6(Fucα2Galβ3GlcNAcβ3)Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer). In addition to the binding of both strains to the Globo H hexaglycosylceramide, i.e. a blood group O determinant on a type 4 core chain, the generalist strain bound to the Globo A heptaglycosylceramide (GalNAcα3(Fucα2)Galβ3GalNAcβ3Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1Cer), i.e. a blood group A determinant on a type 4 core chain. The binding of BabA to the two sets of isoreceptors is due to conformational similarities of the terminal disaccharides of H type 1 and Globo H and of the terminal trisaccharides of A type 1 and Globo A.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Benktander
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, P. O. Box 440, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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17
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Farwanah H, Kolter T. Lipidomics of glycosphingolipids. Metabolites 2012; 2:134-64. [PMID: 24957371 PMCID: PMC3901200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) contain one or more sugars that are attached to a sphingolipid moiety, usually to a ceramide, but in rare cases also to a sphingoid base. A large structural heterogeneity results from differences in number, identity, linkage, and anomeric configuration of the carbohydrate residues, and also from structural differences within the hydrophobic part. GSLs form complex cell-type specific patterns, which change with the species, the cellular differentiation state, viral transformation, ontogenesis, and oncogenesis. Although GSL structures can be assigned to only a few series with a common carbohydrate core, their structural variety and the complex pattern are challenges for their elucidation and quantification by mass spectrometric techniques. We present a general overview of the application of lipidomics for GSL determination. This includes analytical procedures and instrumentation together with recent correlations of GSL molecular species with human diseases. Difficulties such as the structural complexity and the lack of standard substances for complex GSLs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Farwanah
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LiMES), Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kolter
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LiMES), Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Song X, Lasanajak Y, Xia B, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Rhea JM, Ju H, Zhao C, Molinaro RJ, Cummings RD, Smith DF. Shotgun glycomics: a microarray strategy for functional glycomics. Nat Methods 2010; 8:85-90. [PMID: 21131969 PMCID: PMC3074519 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Major challenges of glycomics are to characterize a glycome and identify functional glycans as ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). To address these issues we have developed a general strategy termed shotgun glycomics. We focus on glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a challenging class of glycoconjugates recognized by toxins, antibodies, and GBPs. We derivatized GSLs extracted from cells with a heterobifunctional fluorescent tag suitable for covalent immobilization. Fluorescent GSLs were separated by multidimensional chromatography, quantified, and coupled to glass slides to create GSL shotgun microarrays. The microarrays were interrogated with cholera toxin, antibodies, and sera from patients with Lyme disease to identify biologically relevant GSLs that were subsequently characterized by mass spectrometry. Shotgun glycomics incorporating GSLs and potentially glycoprotein-derived glycans provides an approach to accessing the complex glycomes of animal cells and offers a strategy for focusing structural analyses on functionally significant glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Karlsson H, Halim A, Teneberg S. Differentiation of glycosphingolipid-derived glycan structural isomers by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1103-16. [PMID: 20466655 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids is of importance in many aspects of glycobiology, but is difficult to achieve due to the high degree of heterogeneity and isomerism present in these compounds. In this study, oligosaccharides obtained from non-acid glycosphingolipids by enzymatic digestion with endoglycoceramidase II of Rhodococcus sp. were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using graphitized carbon columns. Resolution of isomeric oligosaccharides was achieved, and the MS(2) analyses gave complete sequence information and allowed differentiation of linkage positions. Diagnostic cross-ring (0,2)A-type fragments have previously been described for GlcNAc substituted on C-4 and for 4-substituted Glc. Diagnostic cross-ring (0,2)A-type fragments were present in the MS(2) spectrum of the H type 2 (Fucalpha2Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta4Galbeta4Glc) pentasaccharide, but not in the MS(2) spectrum of H type 1 pentasaccharide (Fucalpha2Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta4Galbeta4Glc). Cross-ring (0,2)A-type fragments were also obtained from the 4-substituted Glc at the reducing end of the glycosphingolipid-derived oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides of the globo-series (globotriaose (Galalpha4Galbeta4Glc) and globotetraose (GalNAcbeta3Galalpha4Galbeta4Glc)) and the isoglobo-series (isoglobotriaose (Galalpha3Galbeta4Glc) and isoglobotetraose (GalNAcbeta3Galalpha3Galbeta4Glc)) were also chromatographically resolved on the graphitized carbon column. Furthermore, diagnostic fragment ions from cross-ring (0,2)A-type cleavages were present in the MS(2) spectra of the globo-series oligosaccharides, having a Gal substituted on C-4. The applicability of this method on tissue-derived samples was demonstrated using a non-acid glycosphingolipid fraction from human gastric epithelium and a partially purified non-acid glycosphingolipid fraction from 8 x 10(7) bone marrow-derived mouse dendritic cells. Here, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the oligosaccharides released by endoglycoceramidase allowed tentative identification of a number of glycosphingolipids ranging from tri- to nonaglycosylceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasse Karlsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
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