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Sivakumaar K, Griffin J, Schofield E, Catto JWF, Jubber I. Gene of the month: the uroplakins. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:291-296. [PMID: 38418202 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2024-209388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Uroplakins are a family of membrane-spanning proteins highly specific to the urothelium. There are four uroplakin proteins in humans. These are encoded by the following UPK genes: UPK1A, UPK1B, UPK2 and UPK3 Uroplakin proteins span the apical membrane of umbrella cells of the urothelium, where they associate into urothelial plaques. This provides a barrier function to prevent passage of urine across the urothelium in the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. Uroplakins are also involved in developmental processes such as nephrogenesis. The specific localisation of uroplakins within the urothelium means that they are often expressed in primary and metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma and may be used as an immunohistochemical marker of urothelial malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithicck Sivakumaar
- Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jon Griffin
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ella Schofield
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - James W F Catto
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Resnik N, Višnjar T, Smrkolj T, Kreft ME, Romih R, Zupančič D. Selective targeting of lectins and their macropinocytosis in urothelial tumours: translation from in vitro to ex vivo. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:435-452. [PMID: 37535087 PMCID: PMC10624759 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer can be treated by intravesical application of therapeutic agents, but the specific targeting of cancer urothelial cells and the endocytotic pathways of the agents are not known. During carcinogenesis, the superficial urothelial cells exhibit changes in sugar residues on the apical plasma membranes. This can be exploited for selective targeting from the luminal side of the bladder. Here we show that the plant lectins Jacalin (from Artocarpus integrifolia), ACA (from Amaranthus caudatus) and DSA (from Datura stramonium) selectively bind to the apical plasma membrane of low- (RT4) and high-grade (T24) cancer urothelial cells in vitro and urothelial tumours ex vivo. The amount of lectin binding was significantly different between RT4 and T24 cells. Endocytosis of lectins was observed only in cancer urothelial cells and not in normal urothelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed macropinosomes, endosome-like vesicles and multivesicular bodies filled with lectins in RT4 and T24 cells and also in cells of urothelial tumours ex vivo. Endocytosis of Jacalin and ACA in cancer cells was decreased in vitro after addition of inhibitor of macropinocytosis 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) and increased after stimulation of macropinocytosis with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Clathrin, caveolin and flotillin did not colocalise with lectins. These results confirm that the predominant mechanism of lectin endocytosis in cancer urothelial cells is macropinocytosis. Therefore, we propose that lectins in combination with conjugated therapeutic agents are promising tools for improved intravesical therapy by targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Višnjar
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Smrkolj
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Suda K, Matsumoto Y, Ochi T, Koga H, Hattori N, Yamataka A, Nakamura T. Distinct effects of Fgf7 and Fgf10 on the terminal differentiation of murine bladder urothelium revealed using an organoid culture system. BMC Urol 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 37875848 PMCID: PMC10594814 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the terminal differentiation of bladder urothelium is associated with the pathogenesis of urinary tract disorders. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)7 and Fgf10 stimulate urothelial proliferation; however, their roles in cellular differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we used an organoid system to investigate the roles of these Fgfs in regulating bladder urothelium differentiation and identify their distribution patterns in the mouse bladder. METHODS Adult bladder epithelia (AdBE) isolated from adult mouse bladder tissues (AdBTs) were used to culture adult bladder organoids (AdBOs) in the presence of Fgf7 and Fgf10. The differentiation status of the cells in AdBTs, AdBEs, AdBOs, and neonatal bladder tissues (NeoBTs) was analyzed via quantitative real-time-PCR for the presence of undifferentiated cell markers (Krt5, Trp63, and Krt14) and differentiated cell markers (Krt20, Upk1a, Upk2, and Upk3a). Organoid cell proliferation was assessed by counting cell numbers using the trypan blue method. The effects of Fgf7 and Fgf10 on organoid differentiation were assessed using different doses of Fgfs, and the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling in these processes was tested by introducing a PPARγ agonist (Rosiglitazone) and antagonist (T0070907) to the culture. The expression patterns of Fgf7 and Fgf10 were examined via in situ hybridization of AdBTs. RESULTS AdBOs showed higher expression of undifferentiated cell markers and lower expression of differentiated cell markers than AdBTs, NeoBTs, and AdBEs, indicating the relatively immature state of AdBOs. Differentiation of AdBOs was enhanced by Rosiglitazone and Fgf7, suggesting an interplay of intracellular signals between Fgf7 and PPARγ. Co-addition of T0070907 suppressed Fgf7-mediated differentiation, demonstrating that PPARγ is activated downstream of Fgf7 to promote cellular differentiation into umbrella cells. Furthermore, we found that Fgf7 is predominantly expressed in the umbrella cells of the urothelium, whereas Fgf10 is predominantly expressed in the urothelium and stroma of AdBTs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that unlike Fgf10, Fgf7 induces cellular differentiation via PPARγ activity and has a unique tissue distribution pattern in the adult bladder. Further studies on the Fgf7-PPARγ signaling axis would provide insights into the differentiation mechanisms toward functional umbrella cells and the pathogenesis of several urinary tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Suda
- Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2- 1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yuka Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2- 1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochi
- Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2- 1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2- 1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Yamataka
- Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2- 1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Yanagisawa H, Kita Y, Oda T, Kikkawa M. Cryo-EM elucidates the uroplakin complex structure within liquid-crystalline lipids in the porcine urothelial membrane. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1018. [PMID: 37805589 PMCID: PMC10560298 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, a distinct epithelial tissue lining the urinary tract, serves as an essential component in preserving urinary tract integrity and thwarting infections. The asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), primarily composed of the uroplakin complex, constitutes a critical permeability barrier in fulfilling this role. However, the molecular architectures of both the AUM and the uroplakin complex have remained enigmatic due to the paucity of high-resolution structural data. In this study, we utilized cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the uroplakin complex within the porcine AUM. While the global resolution achieved was 3.5 Å, we acknowledge that due to orientation bias, the resolution in the vertical direction was determined to be 6.3 Å. Our findings unveiled that the uroplakin complexes are situated within hexagonally arranged crystalline lipid membrane domains, rich in hexosylceramides. Moreover, our research rectifies a misconception in a previous model by confirming the existence of a domain initially believed to be absent, and pinpointing the accurate location of a crucial Escherichia coli binding site implicated in urinary tract infections. These discoveries offer valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings governing the permeability barrier function of the urothelium and the orchestrated lipid phase formation within the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oda
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Masahide Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Yanagisawa H, Kita Y, Oda T, Kikkawa M. Unveiling Liquid-Crystalline Lipids in the Urothelial Membrane through Cryo-EM. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.542358. [PMID: 37398191 PMCID: PMC10312457 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.542358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The urothelium, a distinct epithelial tissue lining the urinary tract, serves as an essential component in preserving urinary tract integrity and thwarting infections. The asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), primarily composed of the uroplakin complex, constitutes a critical permeability barrier in fulfilling this role. However, the molecular architectures of both the AUM and the uroplakin complex have remained enigmatic due to the paucity of high-resolution structural data. In this study, we utilized cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the uroplakin complex within the porcine AUM. While the global resolution achieved was 3.5 Å, we acknowledge that due to orientation bias, the resolution in the vertical direction was determined to be 6.3 Å. Our findings unveiled that the uroplakin complexes are situated within hexagonally arranged crystalline lipid membrane domains, rich in hexosylceramides. Moreover, our research rectifies a misconception in a previous model by confirming the existence of a domain initially believed to be absent, and pinpointing the accurate location of a crucial Escherichia coli binding site implicated in urinary tract infections. These discoveries offer valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings governing the permeability barrier function of the urothelium and the orchestrated lipid phase formation within the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oda
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masahide Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Oda T, Yanagisawa H, Kikkawa M, Kita Y. Unveiling Liquid-Crystalline Lipids in the Urothelial Membrane through Cryo-EM. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3080731. [PMID: 37503277 PMCID: PMC10371089 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3080731/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The urothelium, a distinct epithelial tissue lining the urinary tract, serves as an essential component in preserving urinary tract integrity and thwarting infections. The asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), primarily composed of the uroplakin complex, constitutes a critical permeability barrier in fulfilling this role. However, the molecular architectures of both the AUM and the uroplakin complex have remained enigmatic due to the paucity of high-resolution structural data. In this investigation, we employed cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the uroplakin complex embedded within the porcine AUM at a resolution of 3.5 Å. Our findings unveiled that the uroplakin complexes are situated within hexagonally arranged crystalline lipid membrane domains, rich in hexosylceramides. Moreover, our research rectifies a misconception in a previous model by confirming the existence of a domain initially believed to be absent, and pinpointing the accurate location of a crucial Escherichia coli binding site implicated in urinary tract infections. These discoveries offer valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings governing the permeability barrier function of the urothelium and the orchestrated lipid phase formation within the plasma membrane.
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d-Mannose for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in Postmenopausal Women Using Vaginal Estrogen: A Randomized Controlled Trial. UROGYNECOLOGY (HAGERSTOWN, MD.) 2023; 29:367-377. [PMID: 36808931 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Further research is needed to determine whether d-mannose plus vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) is beneficial over VET alone for recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) prevention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate d-mannose efficacy for rUTI prevention in postmenopausal women using VET. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing d-mannose (2 g/d) with control. Participants were required to have a history of uncomplicated rUTIs and to remain on VET throughout the trial. They were followed up 90 days for incident UTIs. Cumulative UTI incidences were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Cox proportional hazards regression. For the planned interim analysis, P < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Futility analysis was performed by generating post hoc conditional power for multiple scenarios. RESULTS We evaluated 545 patients for frequent/recurrent UTIs from March 1, 2018, to January 18, 2020. Of these women, 213 had culture-proven rUTIs, 71 were eligible, 57 enrolled, 44 began their planned 90-day study period, and 32 completed the study. At interim analysis, the overall cumulative UTI incidence was 46.6%; 41.1% in the treatment arm (median time to first UTI, 24 days) and 50.4% in the control arm (median, 21 days); hazard ratio, 0.76; 99.9% confidence interval, 0.15-3.97. d-Mannose was well tolerated with high participant adherence. Futility analysis suggested the study lacked power to detect the planned (25%) or observed (9%) difference as statistically significant; the study was halted before conclusion. CONCLUSIONS d-Mannose is a well-tolerated nutraceutical, but further research is needed to determine whether d-mannose in combination with VET has a significant, beneficial effect beyond VET alone in postmenopausal women with rUTIs.
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Differential expression of glycans in the urothelial layers of horse urinary bladder. Ann Anat 2022; 244:151988. [PMID: 35987426 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelium is a multilayer epithelium covering the inner surface of the urinary bladder that acts as a blood-urine barrier and is involved in maintaining the wellbeing of the whole organism. Glycans serve in the maturation and differentiation of cells and thus play a key role in the morphology and function of the multilayered epithelium. The aim of the present study was to examine the glycoprotein pattern of the horse urinary bladder urothelium by lectin histochemistry. METHODS The study involved urinary bladders from four horse stallions. Tissue sections were stained with a panel of eleven lectins, in combination with saponification and sialidase digestion (Ks). RESULTS Basal cells displayed high-mannose N-glycans (Con A), α2,6-linked sialic acid (SNA), and O-linked sialoglycans with sialic acids linked to Galβl,3GalNAc (T antigen) (KsPNA) and terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (Tn antigen) (KsSBA). The young intermediate cells expressed terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (GSA II), galactose (GSA I-B4), T- and Tn antigens (PNA, SBA). The mature intermediate cells showed additional high-mannose N-glycans, O-linked sialoglycans (sialyl-T antigen, sialyl-Tn antigen), α2,6- and α2,3-linked sialic acid (MAL II), α1,2-linked fucose (UEA I), and GlcNAc (KsWGA). The latter residue marked the boundary with the overlying surface layer. Few Con A positive intermediate cells were seen to cross the entire urothelium thickness. The surface cells showed additional glycans such as T antigen and sialic acids linked to GalNAc binding DBA (KsDBA). Few surface cells contained α1,3-linked fucose (LTA), whereas some other cells displayed intraluminal secretion of mucin-type glycans terminating with GalNAcα1,3(LFucα1,2)Galβ1,3/4GlcNAcβ1 (DBA). The luminal surface expressed the most complex glycan pattern in the urothelium because only α1,3-linked fucose lacked among the demonstrated glycans. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the glycan pattern becomes more complex from the basal to surface layer of the urothelium and that surface cells could modify the composition of urine via the secretion of glycoproteins.
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Xu N, Yao Z, Shang G, Ye D, Wang H, Zhang H, Qu Y, Xu F, Wang Y, Qin Z, Zhu J, Zhang F, Feng J, Tian S, Liu Y, Zhao J, Hou J, Guo J, Hou Y, Ding C. Integrated proteogenomic characterization of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:76. [PMID: 35659036 PMCID: PMC9164575 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common pathological type of bladder cancer, a malignant tumor. However, an integrated multi-omics analysis of the Chinese UC patient cohort is lacking. Methods We performed an integrated multi-omics analysis, including whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis of 116 Chinese UC patients, comprising 45 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (NMIBCs) and 71 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (MIBCs). Result Proteogenomic integration analysis indicated that SND1 and CDK5 amplifications on chromosome 7q were associated with the activation of STAT3, which was relevant to tumor proliferation. Chromosome 5p gain in NMIBC patients was a high-risk factor, through modulating actin cytoskeleton implicating in tumor cells invasion. Phosphoproteomic analysis of tumors and morphologically normal human urothelium produced UC-associated activated kinases, including CDK1 and PRKDC. Proteomic analysis identified three groups, U-I, U-II, and U-III, reflecting distinct clinical prognosis and molecular signatures. Immune subtypes of UC tumors revealed a complex immune landscape and suggested the amplification of TRAF2 related to the increased expression of PD-L1. Additionally, increased GARS, related to subtype U-II, was validated to promote pentose phosphate pathway by inhibiting activities of PGK1 and PKM2. Conclusions This study provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians to further identify molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01291-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenmei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoguo Shang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fujiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sha Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Institute for Development and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An Underrepresented Endpoint in Toxicology Research. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020089. [PMID: 35202275 PMCID: PMC8880407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is nearly ubiquitous in men of advancing age and exerts substantial physical, mental, social, and financial costs to society. While a large body of research is focused on the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease, little research has been dedicated to the influence of environmental chemicals on disease initiation, progression, or severity. Despite a few recent studies indicating a potential developmental origin of male LUTD linked to chemical exposures in the womb, it remains a grossly understudied endpoint in toxicology research. Therefore, we direct this review to toxicologists who are considering male LUTD as a new aspect of chemical toxicity studies. We focus on the LUTD disease process in men, as well as in the male mouse as a leading research model. To introduce the disease process, we describe the physiology of the male lower urinary tract and the cellular composition of lower urinary tract tissues. We discuss known and suspected mechanisms of male LUTD and examples of environmental chemicals acting through these mechanisms to contribute to LUTD. We also describe mouse models of LUTD and endpoints to diagnose, characterize, and quantify LUTD in men and mice.
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Yunfeng G, Fei L, Junbo L, Dingyuan Y, Chaoyou H. An indirect comparison meta-analysis of noninvasive intravesical instillation and intravesical injection of botulinum toxin-A in bladder disorders. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:479-491. [PMID: 35044552 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) intravesical instillation and BTX-A intravesical injection are both effective treatments or overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), but direct comparative studies of the two treatments are lacking. METHODS We conducted a pairs-comparison meta-analysis and an adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis extracting published data from randomized controlled trials in literature databases from the inception of each database to Aug. 31, 2021, evaluating efficacy and safety of BTX-A intravesical instillation and BTX-A intravesical injection. We also carried out a subgroup analysis. RESULTS We identified 24 trials in 21 studies were included in our study, of which 18 trials in 17 studies were BTX-A intravesical injections, 6 trials in 4 studies were BTX-A intravesical instillation. Compared with the normal saline injection, BTX-A intravesical injections for patients with OAB and IC/ BPS can obviously improve the symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency episode, UI and UUI, but BTX-A significantly increased the rate of urinary retention and urinary tract infection and increased PVR (p < 0.05). Adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis showed that BTX-A intravesical injections was more effective than BTX-A intravesical instillation (p > 0.05). Surprisingly, BTX-A intravesical instillation had fewer side effects than BTX-A intravesical injections (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although BTX-A intravesical injections of OAB and IC/BPS has been significantly superior the BTX-A intravesical instillation, it has major side effects, but this needs to be confirmed by more large-scale, multicenter, direct comparison randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Yunfeng
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lai Fei
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Junbo
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Dingyuan
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huang Chaoyou
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Wang CY, Bergström E, Southgate J, Thomas-Oates J. Surface Shave: Revealing the Apical-Restricted Uroglycome. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:360-374. [PMID: 34985888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the highly differentiated urothelial apical surface glycome. The functions of the mammalian urothelium, lining the majority of the urinary tract and providing a barrier against toxins in urine, are dependent on the correct differentiation of urothelial cells, relying on protein expression, modification, and complex assembly to regulate the formation of multiple differentiated cell layers. Protein glycosylation, a poorly studied aspect of urothelial differentiation, contributes to the apical glycome and is implicated in the development of urothelial diseases. To enable surface glycome characterization, we developed a method to collect tissue apical surface N- and O-glycans. A simple, novel device using basic laboratory supplies was developed for enzymatic shaving of the luminal bladder urothelial surface, with subsequent release and mass spectrometric analysis of apical surface O- and N-glycans, the first normal mammalian urothelial N-glycome to be defined. Trypsinization of superficial glycoproteins was tracked using immunolabeling of the apically expressed uroplakin 3a protein to optimize enzymatic release, without compromising the integrity of the superficial urothelial layer. The approach developed for releasing apical tissue surface glycans allowed for comparison with the N-glycome of the total porcine bladder urothelial cells and thus identification of apical surface glycans as candidates implicated in the urothelial barrier function. Data are available in MassIve: MSV000087851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Edmund Bergström
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit, Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute; University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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13
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Novel ALG12 variants and hydronephrosis in siblings with impaired N-glycosylation. Brain Dev 2021; 43:945-951. [PMID: 34092405 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALG12-CDG is a rare autosomal recessive type I congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) due to pathogenic variants in ALG12 which encodes the dolichyl-P-mannose:Man-7-GlcNAc-2-PP-dolichyl-alpha-6-mannosyltransferase. Thirteen patients from unrelated 11 families have been reported, most of them result in broad multisystem manifestations with clinical variability. It is important to validate abnormal glycosylation to establish causal relationship. CASE REPORT Here, we report two siblings with novel compound heterozygous variants in ALG12: c.443T>C, p.(Leu148Pro) and c.412_413insCGT, p.(Gln137_Phe138insSer). Both patients showed global developmental delay, microcephaly, hypotonia, failure to thrive, facial dysmorphism, skeletal malformations and coagulation abnormalities, which are common in ALG12-CDG. In addition, one of our patients showed left hydronephrosis, which is a novel clinical feature in ALG12-CDG. Brain MRI showed hypoplasia of cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellar vermis in both patients. N-glycosylation defects of trypsin digested transferrin peptides were revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), and electrospray ionization MS verified the lack of N-glycans in transferrin. CONCLUSIONS The present study can add hydronephrosis to phenotypic spectrum of ALG12-CDG. Since the symptoms of ALG12-CDG are quite diverse, the combination of whole-exome sequencing and transferrin glycopeptide analysis with MS, can help diagnosis of ALG12-CDG.
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14
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López-Cortés R, Gómez BB, Vázquez-Estévez S, Pérez-Fentes D, Núñez C. Blood-based protein biomarkers in bladder urothelial tumors. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104329. [PMID: 34298186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the fifth most common cancer with a high prevalence rate. It is classically classified in two groups, namely non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle invasive (MIBC). NMIBC accounts for 75% of cases and has a better prognosis than MIBC. However, 30-50% of the NMIBC patients will show recurrences throughout their lives, and about 10-20% of them will progress to MIBC, with frequent metastasis and a reduced survival rate. The diagnosis of bladder cancer is confirmed by direct visualization of the tumour and other mucosal abnormalities with endoscopic excision using cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder (TURBT). An adequate TURBT requires complete resection of all visible tumour with appropriate sampling of the bladder to assess the depth of invasion. However, for many years, researchers have attempted to identify and utilise urinary markers for bladder cancer detection. Voided urine cytology has been the mainstay of urine-based diagnosis of bladder cancer since originally described by Papanicolau and Marshall. Nonetheless, urine cytology has several drawbacks, including a poor sensitivity for low-grade/stage tumours, a lack of interobserver consistency and a variable range of readings (e.g., atypical, atypical-suspicious, non-diagnostic). These shortcomings have inspired the search for more sensitive bladder cancer biomarkers. To bring precision medicine to genitourinary oncology, the analysis of the plasma/serum wide genome and proteome offers promising possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Benito Blanco Gómez
- Urology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Fentes
- Urology Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002 Lugo, Spain.
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15
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Xie X, Liang J, Huang R, Luo C, Yang J, Xing H, Zhou L, Qiao H, Ergu E, Chen H. Molecular pathways underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with ketamine cystitis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21703. [PMID: 34105799 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine cystitis (KC) is a chronic bladder inflammation leading to urinary urgency, frequency, and pain. The pathogenesis of KC is complicated and involves multiple tissue injuries in the bladder. Recent studies indicated that urothelium disruption, lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation, microvascular injury, neuropathological alterations, and bladder smooth muscle (BSM) abnormalities all contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Ketamine has been shown to induce these tissue injuries by regulating different signaling pathways. Ketamine can stimulate antiproliferative factor, adenosine triphosphate, and oxidative stress to disrupt urothelium. Lamina propria fibrosis and inflammation are associated with the activation of cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, immunoglobulin E, and transforming growth factor β1. Ketamine contributes to microvascular injury via the N-methyl-D aspartic receptor (NMDAR), and multiple inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosis factor α and vascular endothelial growth factor. For BSM abnormalities, ketamine can depress the protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Cav1.2, and muscarinic receptor signaling. Elevated purinergic signaling also plays a role in BSM abnormalities. In addition, ketamine affects neuropathological alterations in the bladder by regulating NMDAR- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent signaling. Inflammatory cells also contribute to neuropathological changes via the secretion of chemical mediators. Clarifying the role and function of these signaling underlying tissue injuries in the bladder with KC can contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and to the design of effective treatments for KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Run Huang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuang Luo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongming Xing
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Erti Ergu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Public Center of Experimental Technology and The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Lupo F, Ingersoll MA, Pineda MA. The glycobiology of uropathogenic E. coli infection: the sweet and bitter role of sugars in urinary tract immunity. Immunology 2021; 164:3-14. [PMID: 33763853 PMCID: PMC8358714 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases and the most common cause of nosocomial infections, worldwide. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for approximately 80% of all UTI, which most commonly affect the bladder. UPEC colonize the urinary tract by ascension of the urethra, followed by cell invasion, and proliferation inside and outside urothelial cells, thereby causing symptomatic infections and quiescent intracellular reservoirs that may lead to recurrence. Sugars, or glycans, are key molecules for host–pathogen interactions, and UTI are no exception. Surface glycans regulate many of the events associated with UPEC adhesion and infection, as well as induction of the host immune response. While the bacterial protein FimH binds mannose‐containing host glycoproteins to initiate infection and UPEC‐secreted polysaccharides block immune mechanisms to favour intracellular replication, host glycans on the urothelial surface and on secreted glycoproteins prevent or limit infection by inhibiting UPEC adhesion. Given the importance of glycans during UTI, here we review the glycobiology of UPEC infection to highlight fundamental sugar‐mediated processes of immunological interest for their potential clinical applications. Interdisciplinary approaches incorporating glycomics and infection biology may help to develop novel non‐antibiotic‐based therapeutic strategies for bacterial infections as the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant uropathogens is currently threatening modern healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lupo
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Miguel A Pineda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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17
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Hatton NE, Baumann CG, Fascione MA. Developments in Mannose-Based Treatments for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Urinary Tract Infections. Chembiochem 2021; 22:613-629. [PMID: 32876368 PMCID: PMC7894189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During their lifetime almost half of women will experience a symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with a further half experiencing a relapse within six months. Currently UTIs are treated with antibiotics, but increasing antibiotic resistance rates highlight the need for new treatments. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of symptomatic UTI cases and thus has become a key pathological target. Adhesion of type one pilus subunit FimH at the surface of UPEC strains to mannose-saturated oligosaccharides located on the urothelium is critical to pathogenesis. Since the identification of FimH as a therapeutic target in the late 1980s, a substantial body of research has been generated focusing on the development of FimH-targeting mannose-based anti-adhesion therapies. In this review we will discuss the design of different classes of these mannose-based compounds and their utility and potential as UPEC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Hatton
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Martin A. Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
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18
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McLellan LK, McAllaster MR, Kim AS, Tóthová Ľ, Olson PD, Pinkner JS, Daugherty AL, Hreha TN, Janetka JW, Fremont DH, Hultgren SJ, Virgin HW, Hunstad DA. A host receptor enables type 1 pilus-mediated pathogenesis of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009314. [PMID: 33513212 PMCID: PMC7875428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 pili have long been considered the major virulence factor enabling colonization of the urinary bladder by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis is less well characterized, due to previous limitations in preclinical modeling of kidney infection. Here, we demonstrate in a recently developed mouse model that beyond bladder infection, type 1 pili also are critical for establishment of ascending pyelonephritis. Bacterial mutants lacking the type 1 pilus adhesin (FimH) were unable to establish kidney infection in male C3H/HeN mice. We developed an in vitro model of FimH-dependent UPEC binding to renal collecting duct cells, and performed a CRISPR screen in these cells, identifying desmoglein-2 as a primary renal epithelial receptor for FimH. The mannosylated extracellular domain of human DSG2 bound directly to the lectin domain of FimH in vitro, and introduction of a mutation in the FimH mannose-binding pocket abolished binding to DSG2. In infected C3H/HeN mice, type 1-piliated UPEC and Dsg2 were co-localized within collecting ducts, and administration of mannoside FIM1033, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of FimH, significantly attenuated bacterial loads in pyelonephritis. Our results broaden the biological importance of FimH, specify the first renal FimH receptor, and indicate that FimH-targeted therapeutics will also have application in pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. While much has been discovered about how E. coli cause bladder infections, less is known about the host-pathogen interactions that underlie kidney infection (pyelonephritis). We employed recently developed mouse models to show that bacterial surface fibers called type 1 pili, which bear the adhesive protein FimH and are known to mediate E. coli binding to bladder epithelium, are also required for ascending kidney infection. We developed a cell-culture model of bacterial binding to renal collecting duct, then performed a screen using the gene-editing tool CRISPR to identify the first known FimH receptor in the kidney. This epithelial cell-surface protein, desmoglein-2, was shown to directly bind FimH, and we localized this binding to specific extracellular domains of DSG2. Further, we showed that mannosides, small-molecule FimH inhibitors currently in development to treat bladder infection, are also effective in experimental kidney infection. Our study reveals a novel host-pathogen interaction during pyelonephritis and demonstrates how this interaction may be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael R. McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Allyssa L. Daugherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Teri N. Hreha
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Amano N, Matsumoto K, Shimizu Y, Nakamura M, Tsumura H, Ishii D, Sato Y, Iwamura M. High HNRNPA3 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients treated with radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:196.e1-196.e7. [PMID: 33160845 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 (HNRNPA3) expression in bladder cancer and its relationship to clinicopathological findings and prognosis. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for HNRNPA3 was performed on 122 archived radical cystectomy specimens, with immunoreactivity being stratified on a 0 to 3 scale. The percentage of HNRNPA3 expressing tumor cells was calculated and multiplied by the staining score over an average of 5 areas to obtain a semiquantitative H-score (maximum value: 300). HNRNPA3 expression was categorized as high (≥80) or low (<80). RESULTS The patients' median age was 70 years, and the median follow-up period was 39.4 months. High HNRNPA3 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P= 0.014) and S100A8, S100A9 and uroplakin III expression (P= 0.028, 0.002, and 0.047, respectively). Log-rank tests indicated that high HNRNPA3 expression was significantly associated with disease progression and cancer-specific death (P= 0.013 and 0.006, respectively). In the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, only lymph node metastasis was associated with disease progression and cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSION HNRNPA3 may be a new biomarker to predict biologically aggressive cancers and determine the appropriate treatment modality in patients after radical cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Amano
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Shimizu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Marie Nakamura
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Tsumura
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Iwamura
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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20
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Sarshar M, Behzadi P, Ambrosi C, Zagaglia C, Palamara AT, Scribano D. FimH and Anti-Adhesive Therapeutics: A Disarming Strategy Against Uropathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E397. [PMID: 32664222 PMCID: PMC7400442 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-usher fimbrial adhesins are powerful weapons against the uropathogens that allow the establishment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As the antibiotic therapeutic strategy has become less effective in the treatment of uropathogen-related UTIs, the anti-adhesive molecules active against fimbrial adhesins, key determinants of urovirulence, are attractive alternatives. The best-characterized bacterial adhesin is FimH, produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Hence, a number of high-affinity mono- and polyvalent mannose-based FimH antagonists, characterized by different bioavailabilities, have been reported. Given that antagonist affinities are firmly associated with the functional heterogeneities of different FimH variants, several FimH inhibitors have been developed using ligand-drug discovery strategies to generate high-affinity molecules for successful anti-adhesion therapy. As clinical trials have shown d-mannose's efficacy in UTIs prevention, it is supposed that mannosides could be a first-in-class strategy not only for UTIs, but also to combat other Gram-negative bacterial infections. Therefore, the current review discusses valuable and effective FimH anti-adhesive molecules active against UTIs, from design and synthesis to in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
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21
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Višnjar T, Romih R, Zupančič D. Lectins as possible tools for improved urinary bladder cancer management. Glycobiology 2019; 29:355-365. [PMID: 30689891 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in developed countries with poor prognosis and outcome for the patient due to the challenging diagnosis and limited treatment possibilities. Bladder cancer arises mainly from urothelial cells lining the lumen. Urothelial cells form a three- to five-layered urothelium, which maintains the blood-urine barrier. The carbohydrates that cover the apical surface of superficial urothelial cells, i.e. umbrella cells, are crucial for this function. The composition of the carbohydrate covering is altered during urothelial cancer transformation. These bladder cancer-associated carbohydrate changes are a promising field for diagnosis, therapy and management. Lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins, can be used to detect subtle alterations in carbohydrate composition during urothelial cancer transformation. Extensive research into various lectin applications has already been conducted, but the results are often contradictory and confusing. None of these applications have reached clinical trials. We review the literature and discuss (i) current bladder cancer management, (ii) lectin-based assays for detection of various cancer subtypes, (iii) lectin-based strategies for innovative bladder cancer treatment and finally (iv) lectins in nanotheranostics for personalized bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Višnjar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Glycointeractome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Identification of Host Glycans Targeted by the Gonococcus To Facilitate Adherence to Cervical and Urethral Epithelial Cells. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01339-19. [PMID: 31289181 PMCID: PMC6747729 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01339-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are emerging worldwide, and novel treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Glycans are ubiquitously expressed by all human cells and can be specifically targeted by pathogens to facilitate association with host cells. Here we identify and characterize the N. gonorrhoeae host-glycan binding profile (glycointeractome), which revealed numerous interactions, including high-affinity binding to mannosyl glycans. We identify gonococcal potential mannose-binding proteins and show that N. gonorrhoeae uses mannosyl glycans expressed on the surface of cervical and urethral epithelia to facilitate adherence. Furthermore, a mannose-binding lectin or a mannoside compound was able to reduce this adherence. By characterizing the glycointeractome of N. gonorrhoeae, we were able to elucidate a novel mechanism used by this important pathogen to interact with human cells, and this interaction could be exploited to develop novel therapeutics to treat antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a significant threat to global health for which a vaccine and novel treatment options are urgently needed. Glycans expressed by human cells are commonly targeted by pathogens to facilitate interactions with the host, and thus characterization of these interactions can aid identification of bacterial receptors that can be exploited as vaccine and/or drug targets. Using glycan array analysis, we identified 247 specific interactions between N. gonorrhoeae and glycans representative of those found on human cells. Interactions included those with mannosylated, fucosylated, and sialylated glycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and glycans terminating with galactose (Gal), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). By investigating the kinetics of interactions with selected glycans, we demonstrate that whole-cell N. gonorrhoeae has a high affinity for mannosylated glycans (dissociation constant [KD], 0.14 to 0.59 μM), which are expressed on the surface of cervical and urethral epithelial cells. Using chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis, we identified potential mannose-binding proteins in N. gonorrhoeae. Pretreatment of cells with mannose-specific lectin (concanavalin A) or free mannose competitor (α-methyl-d-mannopyranoside) substantially reduced gonococcal adherence to epithelial cells. This suggests that N. gonorrhoeae targets mannosyl glycans to facilitate adherence to host cells and that mannosides or similar compounds have the potential to be used as a novel treatment option for N. gonorrhoeae.
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Taidi Z, Mansfield KJ, Bates L, Sana-Ur-Rehman H, Liu L. Purinergic P2X7 receptors as therapeutic targets in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome; key role of ATP signaling in inflammation. Bladder (San Franc) 2019; 6:e38. [PMID: 32775480 PMCID: PMC7401983 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2019.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic lower urinary tract condition. Patients with IC/BPS suffer from debilitating pain and urinary urgency. The underlying etiology of IC/BPS is unknown and as such current treatments are mostly symptomatic with no real cure. Many theories have been proposed to describe the etiology of IC/BPS, but this review focuses on the role of inflammation. In IC/BPS patients, the permeability of the urothelium barrier is compromised and inflammatory cells infiltrate the bladder wall. There are increased levels of many inflammatory mediators in patients with IC/BPS and symptoms such as pain and urgency that have been associated with the degree of inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of purinergic receptors, specifically the P2X7 receptor, in the process of inflammation. The results from studies in animals including cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis strongly support the role of P2X7 receptors in inflammation. Furthermore, the deletion of the P2X7 receptor or antagonism of this receptor significantly reduces inflammatory mediator release from the bladder and improves symptoms. Research results from IC/BPS patients and animal models of IC/BPS strongly support the crucial role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of this painful disease. Purinergic signaling and purinergic receptors, especially the P2X7 receptor, play an undisputed role in inflammation. Purinergic receptor antagonists show positive results in treating different symptoms of IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kylie J Mansfield
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Lucy Bates
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hafiz Sana-Ur-Rehman
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Preliminary Evaluation of the Diagnostic Usefulness of Uroplakin 2 with an Assessment of the Antioxidant Potential of Patients with Bladder Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8693297. [PMID: 30627578 PMCID: PMC6304619 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8693297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC). It makes up more than 90% of all bladder cancers. Uroplakins are tissue-specific, glycoproteins, playing a role in the construction and function of urothelium. The emergence of uroplakins in the urine and/or plasma may be of potential importance in the early detection of BC. In our study, the diagnostic value of plasma and urine uroplakin 2 (UP2) concentration in bladder cancer was investigated, with an assessment of the antioxidant potential of BC patients. The correlation between UP2, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of glutathione (GSH) was also examined. Materials and Methods This study included 61 BC patients and 33 healthy controls. UP2 concentration was estimated by the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA). TAC and GSH were determined in spectrophotometrically methods. Results UP2 concentration in BC patients was significantly higher (p≤0.001) both in plasma and in urine compared to the control groups (C). TAC concentration in urine (p≤0.001) and GSH concentration in plasma (p=0.047) were significantly lower in BC group compared to the C group. The high specificity and sensitivity for UPK2 in plasma (76%, 80%, respectively) and urine (88%, 84%, respectively) were observed. Positive correlations were observed between concentration of UP2 in plasma and TAC concentration in urine and between UP2 concentration in plasma and GSH concentration in the same material. Conclusion The study showed the early diagnostic value of urine and plasma UP2 in BC. There was a decrease in UP2 concentration in the urine of patients with the development of BC. The decrease of antioxidant systems (TAC, GSH) indicates their relationship with the BC process. Based on the obtained results, it is justified to continue the study in a larger group of patients with BC.
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Kolawole OM, Lau WM, Mostafid H, Khutoryanskiy VV. Advances in intravesical drug delivery systems to treat bladder cancer. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:105-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Terlizzi ME, Gribaudo G, Maffei ME. UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1566. [PMID: 28861072 PMCID: PMC5559502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pathological conditions in both community and hospital settings. It has been estimated that about 150 million people worldwide develop UTI each year, with high social costs in terms of hospitalizations and medical expenses. Among the common uropathogens associated to UTIs development, UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause. UPEC strains possess a plethora of both structural (as fimbriae, pili, curli, flagella) and secreted (toxins, iron-acquisition systems) virulence factors that contribute to their capacity to cause disease, although the ability to adhere to host epithelial cells in the urinary tract represents the most important determinant of pathogenicity. On the opposite side, the bladder epithelium shows a multifaceted array of host defenses including the urine flow and the secretion of antimicrobial substances, which represent useful tools to counteract bacterial infections. The fascinating and intricate dynamics between these players determine a complex interaction system that needs to be revealed. This review will focus on the most relevant components of UPEC arsenal of pathogenicity together with the major host responses to infection, the current approved treatment and the emergence of resistant UPEC strains, the vaccine strategies, the natural antimicrobial compounds along with innovative anti-adhesive and prophylactic approaches to prevent UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy
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Aufderklamm S, Vaegler M, Kelp A, Maurer S, Gustafsson L, Mundhenk J, Busch S, Daum L, Stenzl A, Amend B, Sievert KD. Collagen cell carriers seeded with human urothelial cells for urethral reconstructive surgery: first results in a xenograft minipig model. World J Urol 2016; 35:1125-1132. [PMID: 27783146 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urethral strictures are a common disease of the lower urinary tract in men. At present, the use of buccal mucosa is the method of choice for long or recurrent strictures. However, autologous tissue-engineered grafts are still under investigation for reconstructive urological surgery. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the use of human urothelial cells (HUC) seeded on bovine collagen type I-based cell carriers (CCC) in an animal model and to evaluate short-term outcome of the surgical procedure. METHODS Four male Göttingen minipigs were used with immunosuppression (cyclosporine A) for this pilot xenograft study. HUC obtained from human benign ureteral tissue were stained by PKH26 and seeded on a collagen cell carrier (CCC). Seven weeks after urethral stricture induction and protective vesicostomy, cell-seeded CCC was implanted in the urethra with HUC luminal and antiluminal, respectively. After two weeks animals were euthanized, urethrography and histological assessment were performed. RESULTS Surgery was technically feasible in all minipigs. Stricture was radiologically established 7 weeks after induction. CCC was visible after two weeks and showed good integration without signs of inflammation or rejection. In the final urethrography, no remaining stricture could be detected. Near porcine urothelium, PKH26-positive areas were found even if partially detached from CCC. Although diminished, immunofluorescence with pankeratin, CK20, E-cadherin and ZO-1 showed intact urothelium in several areas on and nearby CCC. CONCLUSION Finally, this study demonstrates that the HUC-seeded CCC used as a xenograft in minipigs is technically feasible and shows promising results for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Aufderklamm
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Vaegler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), University Clinic Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelp
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Maurer
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leon Gustafsson
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Mundhenk
- Department of Urology, Diakonie Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Daum
- Animal Doctor Facility, Neustadt/Aisch, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Karl-Dietrich Sievert
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Meng L, Liao W, Yang S, Xiong Y, Song C, Liu L. Tissue-engineered tubular substitutions for urinary diversion in a rabbit model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:147-56. [PMID: 26286106 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215600101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, autologous gastrointestinal segments are traditionally used for urinary diversion. However, this procedure often causes many serious complications. Tissue engineering may provide an alternative treatment method in urinary diversion. This research aims to produce tissue-engineered tubular substitutions by using homologous adipose-derived stem cells, smooth muscle cells, and bladder acellular matrix in developing urinary diversion in a rabbit model. Adipose-derived stem cells and smooth muscle cells of rabbit were obtained and cultured in vitro. These cultured adipose-derived stem cells and smooth muscle cells were seeded onto the two sides of the bladder acellular matrix and then incubated for seven days. The cell-seeded matrix was used to build tissue-engineered tubular substitutions, which were then implanted and wrapped into the omentum in vivo for two weeks to promote angiogenesis. In the experimental group, the bladder of 20 rabbits was totally resected, and the above tissue-engineered tubular substitutions were used for urinary diversion. In the control group, bladder acellular matrix tubular substitutions with unseeded cells were implanted into the omentum and were used as urinary diversion on another five rabbits with the same process. The implants were harvested, and histological examination was conducted at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after operation. Intravenous urography assessment was performed at 16 weeks postoperatively. All the rabbits were alive in the experimental group until they were sacrificed. Histological analysis of the construct displayed the presence of multilayer urothelial cells on the luminal side and organized smooth muscle tissue on the other side, and different diameters of neovascularization were clearly identified in the substitutions obtained. No leakage, stricture, or obstructions were noted with intravenous urography assessment. All the animals in the control group died within two weeks, and urine leakage, scar formation, and inflammation were detected through autopsy. This study demonstrates the feasibility of tissue-engineered tubular substitutions constructed using homologous adipose-derived stem cells, smooth muscle cells, and bladder acellular matrix for urinary diversion in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Meng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqi Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
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