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Valachovic AC, Chaves JN, DeMoranville KJ, Garbenis T, Nguyen BMH, Hughes M, Huss JM, Schaeffer PJ. Manipulation of photoperiod induces fat storage, but not fat mobilization in the migratory songbird, Dumetella carolinensis (Gray Catbird). J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:569-580. [PMID: 37728689 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The annual cycle of migratory birds requires significant phenotypic remodeling. We sought to induce the migratory phenotype in Gray Catbirds by exposing them to a short-day light cycle. While adipose storage was stimulated, exceeding that typically seen in wild birds, other aspects of the migratory phenotype were unchanged. Of particular interest, the rate of lipid export from excised adipose tissue was nearly halved. This is in contrast to wild migratory birds in which lipid export rates are increased. These data suggest that exposure to an altered light cycle only activated the lipid storage program while inhibiting the lipid transport program. The factors governing lipid mobilization and transport remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Valachovic
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jussara N Chaves
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Rua Maria Do Bom Sucesso de Proença Moraes, No. 200 - Casa c34, São Paulo, 18214-570, Brazil
| | - Kristen J DeMoranville
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Taylor Garbenis
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Nationwide Insurance, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Boi Minh Ha Nguyen
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Deloitte & Touche LLP, Chicago, IL, 60601, USA
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Janice M Huss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul J Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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McTague A, Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. O-GlcNAc-Mediated Regulation of Galectin Expression and Secretion in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Cells Undergoing Neutrophilic Differentiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121763. [PMID: 36551191 PMCID: PMC9776088 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that the expression and secretion of galectins are driven through mechanisms globally impacted by homeostatic regulation involving the post-translational modification of intracellular proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). We showed that neutrophilic differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) was associated with a significant drop of cellular O-GlcNAc levels in serum-contained and serum-free cell culture media. Galectin gene and protein expression profiles in HL-60 cells were specifically modified by ATRA and by inhibitors of O-GlcNAc cycle enzymes, however overall trends for each drug were similar between cells growing in the presence or absence of serum except for LGALS9 and LGALS12. The secretion of four galectins (-1, -3, -9, and -10) by HL-60 cells in a serum-free medium was stimulated by O-GlcNAc-reducing ATRA and DON while O-GlcNAc-elevating thiamet G (O-GlcNAcase inhibitor) failed to change the basal levels of extracellular galectins. Taken together, these results demonstrate that O-GlcNAc homeostasis is essential not only for regulation of galectin expression in cells but also for the secretion of multiple members of this protein family, which can be an important novel aspect of unconventional secretion mechanisms.
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Short-term mercury exposure disrupts muscular and hepatic lipid metabolism in a migrant songbird. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11470. [PMID: 35794224 PMCID: PMC9259677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global pollutant that can cause metabolic disruptions in animals and thereby potentially compromise the energetic capacity of birds for long-distance migration, but its effects on avian lipid metabolism pathways that support endurance flight and stopover refueling have never been studied. We tested the effects of short-term (14-d), environmentally relevant (0.5 ppm) dietary MeHg exposure on lipid metabolism markers in the pectoralis and livers of yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata) that were found in a previous study to have poorer flight endurance in a wind tunnel than untreated conspecifics. Compared to controls, MeHg-exposed birds displayed lower muscle aerobic and fatty acid oxidation capacity, but similar muscle glycolytic capacity, fatty acid transporter expression, and PPAR expression. Livers of exposed birds indicated elevated energy costs, lower fatty acid uptake capacity, and lower PPAR-γ expression. The lower muscle oxidative enzyme capacity of exposed birds likely contributed to their weaker endurance in the prior study, while the metabolic changes observed in the liver have potential to inhibit lipogenesis and stopover refueling. Our findings provide concerning evidence that fatty acid catabolism, synthesis, and storage pathways in birds can be dysregulated by only brief exposure to MeHg, with potentially significant consequences for migratory performance.
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Timoshenko A. Meet Our Editorial Board Member. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/187152062106210122100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Young KG, Vanderboor CM, Regnault TRH, Guglielmo CG. Species-specific metabolic responses of songbird, shorebird, and murine cultured myotubes to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R362-R376. [PMID: 33356878 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00249.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migratory birds may benefit from diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that could improve exercise performance. Previous investigations suggest that different types of birds may respond differently to PUFA. We established muscle myocyte cell culture models from muscle satellite cells of a migratory passerine songbird (yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata coronata) and a nonpasserine shorebird (sanderling, Calidris alba). We differentiated and treated avian myotubes and immortalized murine C2C12 myotubes with n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) to compare effects on aerobic performance, metabolic enzyme activities, key fatty acid (FA) transporters, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Sanderling and C2C12 myotubes increased expression of PPARs with n-3 PUFA treatments, whereas expression was unchanged in yellow-rumped warblers. Both sanderlings and yellow-rumped warblers increased expression of fatty acid transporters, whereas C2C12 cells decreased expression following n-3 PUFA treatments. Only yellow-rumped warbler myotubes increased expression of some metabolic enzymes, whereas the sanderling and C2C12 cells were unchanged. PUFA supplementation in C2C12 myotubes increased mitochondrial respiratory chain efficiency, whereas sanderlings increased proton leak-associated respiration and maximal respiration (measurements were not made in warblers). This research indicates that songbirds and shorebirds respond differently to n-3 PUFA and provides support for the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA increase the aerobic capacity of migrant shorebird muscle, which may improve overall endurance flight performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Young
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina M Vanderboor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
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Jariwala KA, Sherazi AA, Tazhitdinova R, Shum K, Guevorguian P, Karagiannis J, Staples JF, Timoshenko AV. The association between increasing levels of O-GlcNAc and galectins in the liver tissue of hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:115-123. [PMID: 32157440 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational glycosylation of proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) and changes of galectin expression profiles are essential in many cellular stress responses. We examine this regulation in the liver tissue of hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) representing a biological model of hypometabolism and physiological stress resistance. The tissue levels of O-GlcNAcylated proteins as well as galectin-1 and galectin-3 proteins detected by immunodot blot assay were significantly lower by 4.6-5.4-, 2.2-2.3- and 2.5-2.9-fold, respectively, in the non-hibernating summer squirrels compared with those in winter, whether hibernating or aroused. However, there were no differences in the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in O-GlcNAc cycle (O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase) and such galectins as LGALS1, LGALS2, LGALS3, LGALS4 and LGALS9. Only the expression of LGALS8 gene in the liver tissue was significantly decreased by 37.6 ± 0.1% in hibernating ground squirrels relative to summer animals. Considering that the expression of a proven genetic biomarker ELOVL6 encoding ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 was readily upregulated in non-hibernating animals by 11.3-32.9-fold, marginal differential changes in the expression of galectin genes cannot be classified as biomarkers of hibernation. Thus, this study provides evidence that hibernation in Ictidomys tridecemlineatus is associated with increasing O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins and suggests that the contribution of galectins deserves further studies at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal A Jariwala
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ali A Sherazi
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Rada Tazhitdinova
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kathryn Shum
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Philipp Guevorguian
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jim Karagiannis
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander V Timoshenko
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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