de Haan N, Narimatsu Y, Koed Møller Aasted M, Larsen ISB, Marinova IN, Dabelsteen S, Vakhrushev SY, Wandall HH. In-Depth Profiling of
O-Glycan Isomers in Human Cells Using C18 Nanoliquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Glycogenomics.
Anal Chem 2022;
94:4343-4351. [PMID:
35245040 PMCID:
PMC8928149 DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05068]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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O-Glycosylation is an omnipresent modification
of the human proteome affecting many cellular functions, including
protein cleavage, protein folding, and cellular signaling, interactions,
and trafficking. The functions are governed by differentially regulated O-glycan types and terminal structures. It is therefore
essential to develop analytical methods that facilitate the annotation
of O-glycans in biological material. While various
successful strategies for the in-depth profiling of released O-glycans have been reported, these methods are often limitedly
accessible to the nonspecialist or challenged by the high abundance
of O-glycan structural isomers. Here, we developed
a high-throughput sample preparation approach for the nonreductive
release and characterization of O-glycans from human
cell material. Reducing-end labeling allowed efficient isomer separation
and detection using C18 nanoliquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap
mass spectrometry. Using the method in combination with a library
of genetically glycoengineered cells displaying defined O-glycan types and structures, we were able to annotate individual O-glycan structural isomers from a complex mixture. Applying
the method in a model system of human keratinocytes, we found a wide
variety of O-glycan structures, including O-fucose, O-glucose, O-GlcNAc, and O-GalNAc glycosylation, with the latter
carrying both elongated core1 and core2 structures and varying numbers
of fucoses and sialic acids. The method, including the now well-characterized
standards, provides the opportunity to study glycomic changes in human
tissue and disease models using rather mainstream analytical equipment.
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