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Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals a Role for SLC35A1 in the Adsorption of Porcine Deltacoronavirus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0162622. [PMID: 36453883 PMCID: PMC9769367 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01626-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, not only causes diarrhea in piglets but also possesses the potential to infect humans. To better understand host-virus genetic dependencies and find potential therapeutic targets for PDCoV, we used a porcine single-guide RNA (sgRNA) lentivirus library to screen host factors related to PDCoV infection in LLC-PK1 cells. The solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1), a key molecule in the sialic acid (SA) synthesis pathway, was identified as a host factor required for PDCoV infection. A knockout of SLC35A1 caused decreases in the amounts of cell surface sialic acid (SA) and viral adsorption; meanwhile, trypsin promoted the use of SA in PDCoV infection. By constructing and assessing a series of recombinant PDCoV strains with the deletion or mutation of possible critical domain or amino acid residues for SA binding in the S1 N-terminal domain, we found that S T182 might be a PDCoV SA-binding site. However, the double knockout of SLC35A1 and amino peptidase N (APN) could not block PDCoV infection completely. Additionally, we found that different swine enteric coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus, are differentially dependent on SA. Overall, our study uncovered a collection of host factors that can be exploited as drug targets against PDCoV infection and deepened our understanding of the relationship between PDCoV and SA. IMPORTANCE Identifying the host factors required for replication will be helpful to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms and develop antivirals against the emerging coronavirus porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Herein, we performed a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout screen, the results of which revealed that the solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1) is a host factor required for PDCoV infection that acts by regulating cell surface sialic acid (SA). We also identified the T182 site in the N-terminal domain of PDCoV S1 subunit as being associated with the SA-binding site and found that trypsin promotes the use of cell surface SA by PDCoV. Furthermore, different swine enteric coronaviruses use SLC35A1 differently for infection. This is the first study to screen host factors required for PDCoV replication using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 functional knockout, thereby providing clues for developing antiviral drugs against PDCoV infection.
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Xu J, Chen Z, Fang Z, Chen S, Guo Y, Liu X, Chen K, Chen S. Long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 promotes the progression of esophageal cancer by regulating miR-30a/VOPP1 expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:651. [PMID: 34386073 PMCID: PMC8299025 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve an important role in the development of esophageal cancer (EC), which is the eighth most common type of cancer worldwide. lncRNA opa-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1 (OIP5-AS1) is associated with human malignancy. However, the biological roles of OIP5-AS1 in the development of EC remain unclear. In the present study, transfection was conducted, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used for the detection of mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to study the interaction between miRNA and lncRNA or genes. The results revealed that OIP5-AS1 expression in EC tissues and cultured EC cells was upregulated, microRNA-30a (miR-30a) expression was downregulated. OIP5-AS1-knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of EC9706 and EC109 cells. miR-30a was confirmed to interact with OIP5-AS1, and miR-30a-mimics transfection ameliorated the effects of OIP5-AS1 in EC cells. Vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1) was verified as the direct target of miR-30a. VOPP1 expression was positively correlated with OIP5-AS1 expression in EC cells. Overexpression of VOPP1 ameliorated the negative effects of OIP5-AS1-knockdown on EC9706 and EC109 cells. In conclusion, OIP5-AS1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells by increasing VOPP1 expression by sponging miR-30a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jianxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Shengjia Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jianxi 332000, P.R. China
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Hu P, Wang B, Chen T, Xu Y, Zheng G, Zhu Y, Du X. RNA polymerase II subunit 3 regulates vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1 expression to promote hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521990512. [PMID: 33845647 PMCID: PMC8047087 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521990512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the expression of RNA polymerase II subunit 3 (RPB3) and vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1), and to determine whether RPB3 regulates VOPP1 expression to promote HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and tumorigenesis. METHODS HCC and adjacent liver samples were collected from 51 patients with HCC who underwent surgical excision between September 20, 2010 and June 22, 2017. Immunohistochemical staining, western blot, quantitative PCR, plate colony assay, and RNA microarray were used to detect relevant indexes for further analyses. RESULTS VOPP1 was shown to function as a target gene of RPB3 in facilitating HCC proliferation, and was downregulated after RBP3 silencing. Additionally, hepatic tumor tissues demonstrated high VOPP1 expression. Furthermore, VOPP1 silencing suppressed tumor growth and cell proliferation and elicited apoptosis. CONCLUSION RPB3 regulates VOPP1 expression to promote HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Enze Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqun Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Enze Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Enze Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Lee SY, Kwon J, Lee KA. Bcl2l10 induces metabolic alterations in ovarian cancer cells by regulating the TCA cycle enzymes SDHD and IDH1. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:47. [PMID: 33649794 PMCID: PMC7934226 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl2‑like‑10 (Bcl2l10) has both oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions depending on the type of cancer. It has been previously demonstrated that the suppression of Bcl2l10 in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cells causes cell cycle arrest and enhances cell proliferation, indicating that Bcl2l10 is a tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to identify possible downstream target genes and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of Bcl2l10 in ovarian cancer cells. RNA sequencing (RNA‑Seq) was performed to obtain a list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Bcl2l10‑suppressed SKOV3 and A2780 cells. The RNA‑Seq data were validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis, and the levels of metabolites after Bcl2l10‑knockdown were measured using colorimetric assay kits. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the commonly downregulated genes in SKOV3 and A2780 cells after Bcl2l10‑knockdown were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways. The analysis of the DEGs identified from RNA‑Seq and validated by RT‑qPCR revealed that succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D (SDHD) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which are key enzymes of the TCA cycle that regulate oncometabolite production, may be potential downstream targets of Bcl2l10. Furthermore, Bcl2l10‑knockdown induced the accumulation of succinate and isocitrate through the downregulation of SDHD and IDH1. The present study was the first to elucidate the metabolic regulatory functions of Bcl2l10 in ovarian cancer cells, and the results indicated that Bcl2l10 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinie Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Kyung-Ah Lee, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
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Li Z, Zhang X, Hou C, Zhou Y, Chen J, Cai H, Ye Y, Liu J, Huang N. Comprehensive identification and characterization of somatic copy number alterations in triple‑negative breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:522-530. [PMID: 31894314 PMCID: PMC6959384 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for ~15% of all breast cancer diagnoses each year. Patients with TNBC tend to have a higher risk for early relapse and a worse prognosis. TNBC is characterized by extensive somatic copy number alterations (CNAs). However, the DNA CNA profile of TNBC remains to be extensively investigated. The present study assessed the genomic profile of CNAs in 201 TNBC samples, aiming to identify recurrent CNAs that may drive the pathogenesis of TNBC. In total, 123 regions of significant amplification and deletion were detected using the Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer algorithm, and potential driver genes for TNBC were identified. A total of 31 samples exhibited signs of chromothripsis and revealed chromosome pulverization hotspot regions. The present study further determined 199 genomic locations that were significantly enriched for breakpoints, which indicated TNBC‑specific genomic instability regions. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of tumors resulted in three main subgroups that exhibited distinct CNA profiles, which may reveal the heterogeneity of molecular mechanisms in TNBC subgroups. These results will extend the molecular understanding of TNBC and will facilitate the discovery of therapeutic and diagnostic target candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Chenxin Hou
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resources and Eco‑Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Hussain T, Lee J, Abba MC, Chen J, Aldaz CM. Delineating WWOX Protein Interactome by Tandem Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry: Identification of Top Interactors and Key Metabolic Pathways Involved. Front Oncol 2018; 8:591. [PMID: 30619736 PMCID: PMC6300487 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear from multiple studies that WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase) operates as a "non-classical" tumor suppressor of significant relevance in cancer progression. Additionally, WWOX has been recognized for its role in a much wider array of human pathologies including metabolic conditions and central nervous system related syndromes. A myriad of putative functional roles has been attributed to WWOX mostly through the identification of various binding proteins. However, the reality is that much remains to be learned on the key relevant functions of WWOX in the normal cell. Here we employed a Tandem Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry (TAP-MS) approach in order to better define direct WWOX protein interactors and by extension interaction with multiprotein complexes under physiological conditions on a proteomic scale. This work led to the identification of both well-known, but more importantly novel high confidence WWOX interactors, suggesting the involvement of WWOX in specific biological and molecular processes while delineating a comprehensive portrait of WWOX protein interactome. Of particular relevance is WWOX interaction with key proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, late endosomes, protein transport, and lysosomes networks such as SEC23IP, SCAMP3, and VOPP1. These binding partners harbor specific PPXY motifs which directly interact with the amino-terminal WW1 domain of WWOX. Pathway analysis of WWOX interactors identified a significant enrichment of metabolic pathways associated with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids breakdown. Thus, suggesting that WWOX likely plays relevant roles in glycolysis, fatty acid degradation and other pathways that converge primarily in Acetyl-CoA generation, a fundamental molecule not only as the entry point to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production, but also as the key building block for de novo synthesis of lipids and amino acids. Our results provide a significant lead on subsets of protein partners and enzymatic complexes with which full-length WWOX protein interacts with in order to carry out its metabolic and other biological functions while also becoming a valuable resource for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Hussain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Martin C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - C Marcelo Aldaz
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
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Bonin F, Taouis K, Azorin P, Petitalot A, Tariq Z, Nola S, Bouteille N, Tury S, Vacher S, Bièche I, Rais KA, Pierron G, Fuhrmann L, Vincent-Salomon A, Formstecher E, Camonis J, Lidereau R, Lallemand F, Driouch K. VOPP1 promotes breast tumorigenesis by interacting with the tumor suppressor WWOX. BMC Biol 2018; 16:109. [PMID: 30285739 PMCID: PMC6169085 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene, frequently altered in breast cancer, encodes a tumor suppressor whose function is mediated through its interactions with cancer-related proteins, such as the pro-apoptotic protein p73α. Results To better understand the involvement of WWOX in breast tumorigenesis, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assays to identify novel partners of this protein. We characterized the vesicular overexpressed in cancer pro-survival protein 1 (VOPP1) as a new regulator of WWOX. In breast cancer cells, VOPP1 sequestrates WWOX in lysosomes, impairs its ability to associate with p73α, and inhibits WWOX-dependent apoptosis. Overexpressed VOPP1 potentiates cellular transformation and enhances the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. VOPP1 is overexpressed in breast tumors, especially in tumors that retain WWOX. Moreover, increased expression of VOPP1 is associated with reduced survival of patients with WWOX-positive, but not with WWOX-negative, tumors. Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of the sequestration of WWOX by VOPP1 in addition to WWOX loss in breast tumors and define VOPP1 as a novel oncogene promoting breast carcinogenesis by inhibiting the anti-tumoral effect of WWOX. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0576-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bonin
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karim Taouis
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paula Azorin
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zakia Tariq
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Nola
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.,Present address: INSERM U950, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Bouteille
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Tury
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Ait Rais
- Somatic Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Somatic Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fuhrmann
- Pathology, Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Rosette Lidereau
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Lallemand
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Keltouma Driouch
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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Gao C, Pang M, Zhou Z, Long S, Dong D, Yang J, Cao M, Zhang C, Han S, Li L. Epidermal growth factor receptor-coamplified and overexpressed protein (VOPP1) is a putative oncogene in gastric cancer. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:469-75. [PMID: 25398664 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are found to play an important role in gastric cancer. Reduced expression of microRNA-218 (miR-218) is of key interest. The target gene of microRNA-218, epidermal growth factor receptor-coamplified and overexpressed protein (ECOP) encoded by the VOPP1 gene, has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, few studies on expression and function of ECOP in gastric cancer have been reported. ECOP expression was determined in matched normal and gastric adenocarcinoma tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Subsequently, ectopic overexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing of VOPP1 was effected in the human gastric cancer cell line, AGS. Proliferation and migration of parental, VOPP1 overexpressing and VOPP1-silenced AGS cells were evaluated by cell proliferation assay and scratch wound-healing motility assay. Finally, intracellular localization of ECOP in AGS cells was assessed by green fluorescent protein tagging and fluorescent microscopy. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed overexpression of ECOP in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues compared to matched normal tissue specimens. Ectopic overexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing of VOPP1 promoted and inhibited, respectively, cell proliferation and migration in AGS cells. Intracellular localization of ECOP in perinuclear lysosomes mimicked colocalization earlier reported for other cancerous cells. VOPP1 is overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma, which is involved in promoting cell proliferation and migration and thus might serve as a putative oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 Xierduan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Minghui Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 Xierduan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Size Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 Xierduan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- Center for Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Cao
- Centralab, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chumin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 Xierduan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shengxi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 Xierduan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 Xierduan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
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Gao X, Jin W. The emerging role of tumor-suppressive microRNA-218 in targeting glioblastoma stemness. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:25-31. [PMID: 25042866 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is by far the most common and most aggressive malignant primary tumor in humans and has poor outcomes despite many advances in treatment using combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recent studies demonstrate that GBM contains a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell characteristics, including self-renewal and multipotentiality, and that these cancer stem cells contribute to disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNA molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including stem cell maintenance. An accumulating body of evidence shows that miR-218 may act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting glioblastoma invasion, migration, proliferation and stemness through its different targets, indicating the great potential and relevance of miR-218 as a novel class of therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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10
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Reilly BD, Schlipalius DI, Cramp RL, Ebert PR, Franklin CE. Frogs and estivation: transcriptional insights into metabolism and cell survival in a natural model of extended muscle disuse. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:377-88. [PMID: 23548685 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00163.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green-striped burrowing frogs (Cyclorana alboguttata) survive in arid environments by burrowing underground and entering into a deep, prolonged metabolic depression known as estivation. Throughout estivation, C. alboguttata is immobilized within a cast-like cocoon of shed skin and ceases feeding and moving. Remarkably, these frogs exhibit very little muscle atrophy despite extended disuse and fasting. Little is known about the transcriptional regulation of estivation or associated mechanisms that may minimize degradative pathways of atrophy. To investigate transcriptional pathways associated with metabolic depression and maintenance of muscle function in estivating burrowing frogs, we assembled a skeletal muscle transcriptome using next-generation short read sequencing and compared gene expression patterns between active and 4 mo estivating C. alboguttata. This identified a complex suite of gene expression changes that occur in muscle during estivation and provides evidence that estivation in burrowing frogs involves transcriptional regulation of genes associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, avoidance of oxidative stress, energy metabolism, the cell stress response, and apoptotic signaling. In particular, the expression levels of genes encoding cell cycle and prosurvival proteins, such as serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1, cell division protein kinase 2, survivin, and vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1, were upregulated during estivation. These data suggest that estivating C. alboguttata are able to regulate the expression of genes in several major cellular pathways critical to the survival and viability of cells, thus preserving muscle function while avoiding the deleterious consequences often seen in laboratory models of muscle disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau D Reilly
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Xia H, Yan Y, Hu M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dai Y, Chen J, Di G, Chen X, Jiang X. MiR-218 sensitizes glioma cells to apoptosis and inhibits tumorigenicity by regulating ECOP-mediated suppression of NF-κB activity. Neuro Oncol 2012; 15:413-22. [PMID: 23243056 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant gliomas are the most common and deadly primary brain tumors in adults. Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have an influence on the regulation of apoptotic cell signaling. Downregulation of miRNA 218 (miR-218) has been indicated in human glioma specimens. Here, we investigate the function of miR-218 in apoptosis and tumor growth of glioma cells. METHODS The expression of miR-218 was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The effects of miR-218 on glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity were investigated by in vitro clonogenicity and in vivo xenograft assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and assay by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. The downstream targets of miR-218 were identified by bioinformatics analysis and further validated by Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-218 induces glioma cell apoptosis and inhibits glioma cell viability, proliferation, and tumorigenicity. Epidermal growth factor receptor-coamplified and overexpressed protein (ECOP) was identified as a functional downstream target of miR-218, which can regulate transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and associated with apoptotic response. Ectopic expression of ECOP rescued the glioma cells from miR-218-induced apoptosis and increased NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that miR-218 sensitizes glioma cells to apoptosis by regulating ECOP-mediated suppression of NF-κB activity, which may provide novel opportunities for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Xia
- Department of Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
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Comparative genomic and proteomic analysis of high grade glioma primary cultures and matched tumor in situ. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2245-56. [PMID: 22705586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing targeted therapies for high grade gliomas (HGG), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, relies largely on glioma cultures. However, it is unclear if HGG tumorigenic signaling pathways are retained under in-vitro conditions. Using array comparative genomic hybridization and immunohistochemical profiling, we contrasted the epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (EGFR/PDGFR) in-vitro pathway status of twenty-six primary HGG cultures with the pathway status of their original HGG biopsies. Genomic gains or amplifications were lost during culturing while genomic losses were more likely to be retained. Loss of EGFR amplification was further verified immunohistochemically when EGFR over expression was decreased in the majority of cultures. Conversely, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ were more abundantly expressed in primary cultures than in the original tumor (p<0.05). Despite these genomic and proteomic differences, primary HGG cultures retained key aspects of dysregulated tumorigenic signaling. Both in-vivo and in-vitro the presence of EGFR resulted in downstream activation of P70s6K while reduced downstream activation was associated with the presence of PDGFR and the tumor suppressor, PTEN. The preserved pathway dysregulation make this glioma model suitable for further studies of glioma tumorigenesis, however individual culture related differences must be taken into consideration when testing responsiveness to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Pei J, Grishin NV. Unexpected diversity in Shisa-like proteins suggests the importance of their roles as transmembrane adaptors. Cell Signal 2012; 24:758-69. [PMID: 22120523 PMCID: PMC3295595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Shisa family of single-transmembrane proteins is characterized by an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain and a proline-rich C-terminal region. Its founding member, Xenopus Shisa, promotes head development by antagonizing Wnt and FGF signaling. Recently, a mouse brain-specific Shisa protein CKAMP44 (Shisa9) was shown to play an important role in AMPA receptor desensitization. We used sequence similarity searches against protein, genome and EST databases to study the evolutionary origin and phylogenetic distribution of Shisa homologs. In addition to nine Shisa subfamilies in vertebrates, we detected distantly related Shisa homologs that possess an N-terminal domain with six conserved cysteines. These Shisa-like proteins include FAM159 and KIAA1644 mainly from vertebrates, and members from various bilaterian invertebrates and Porifera, suggesting their presence in the last common ancestor of Metazoa. Shisa-like genes have undergone large expansions in Branchiostoma floridae and Saccoglossus kowalevskii, and appear to have been lost in certain insects. Pattern-based searches against eukaryotic proteomes also uncovered several other families of predicted single-transmembrane proteins with a similar cysteine-rich domain. We refer to these proteins (Shisa/Shisa-like, WBP1/VOPP1, CX, DUF2650, TMEM92, and CYYR1) as STMC6 proteins (single-transmembrane proteins with conserved 6 cysteines). STMC6 genes are widespread in Metazoa, with the human genome containing 17 members. Frequent occurrences of PY motifs in STMC6 proteins suggest that most of them could interact with WW-domain-containing proteins, such as the NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligases, and could play critical roles in protein degradation and sorting. STMC6 proteins are likely transmembrane adaptors that regulate membrane proteins such as cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
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Loss of VOPP1 overexpression in squamous carcinoma cells induces apoptosis through oxidative cellular injury. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1170-80. [PMID: 21519330 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1) gene product (previously known as GASP and ECOP) has a poorly characterized functional role in cancer cells, although its expression levels are known to be elevated in many cancer types. To determine the role that VOPP1 has in human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a series of siRNA-mediated expression knockdown experiments were performed in carcinoma-derived model systems with confirmed endogenous VOPP1 overexpression (three SCC-derived cell lines: SCC-9, FaDu, and H2170, as well as the cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cell line, which has been examined in relevant previous reports). The data indicate that VOPP1 knockdown induces cell death at 72 h post-transfection and this is caused by the induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. Analysis of microarray gene expression profiling showed that genes whose expression was affected by VOPP1 knockdown exhibited enrichment in annotations of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Reporters of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential show that ROS levels become elevated and mitochondrial dysfunction occurs with VOPP1 knockdown at time points before the activation of effector caspases and cell death seen at later time points. Furthermore, the introduction of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine was able to abrogate the induction of apoptosis observed with VOPP1 knockdown in a dose-responsive manner. Reporter constructs for NF-κB-mediated transcription are not affected in SCC cell lines by VOPP1 knockdown. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that VOPP1 overexpression in cancer participates in the control of the intracellular redox state, and that its loss leads to oxidative cellular injury leading to cell death by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Wolff NA, Lee WK, Thévenod F. Role of Arf1 in endosomal trafficking of protein-metal complexes and cadmium-metallothionein-1 toxicity in kidney proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 203:210-8. [PMID: 21421027 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is nephrotoxic. Circulating Cd-metallothionein complexes (CdMT) are filtered by the kidney, reabsorbed by proximal tubule cells (PTC) via receptor-mediated endocytosis, and trafficked to lysosomes which results in apoptosis. ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) regulate vesicular trafficking. Arf1 is traditionally associated with the secretory pathway, but has been recently found involved in endocytotic trafficking in PTC. Hence, the role of Arf1 was investigated in MT-1 and transferrin (Tf) endocytosis, and in CdMT-1-induced cell death in a PTC line by overexpressing Arf1-wildtype (WT) or dominant-negative mutant Arf1-T31N. Endogenous Arf1 distribution in PTC was punctate throughout the cytosol, but was not detected in the plasma membrane. Arf1 colocalized with markers for sorting to late endosomes (Rab7, CLC6). Arf1 weakly overlapped with the late endosomal/lysosomal marker CLC7, but not with markers for early (Rab5, CLC5) and recycling endosomes (Rab11). Arf1-T31N significantly attenuated CdMT-1 toxicity by ∼60% when compared to Arf1-WT. However, overexpression of Arf1-T31N did not prevent internalization of Alexa Fluor 546-coupled Tf or MT-1 which accumulated in an EEA1-positive early endocytotic compartment, but not in Arf1-WT overexpressing cells. We conclude that Arf1 is involved in trafficking of protein-metal complexes, including CdMT, to late endosomes/lysosomes in renal PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha A Wolff
- Institute of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Strasse 12, D-58453 Witten, Germany
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