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Lee YS, Park YH, Hwang G, Seo H, Ki SH, Bai S, Son C, Roh SM, Park SJ, Lee DS, Lee JH, Seo YM, Shon WJ, Jeon D, Jang M, Kim SG, Seo BM, Lee G, Park JC. Cpne7 deficiency induces cellular senescence and premature aging of dental pulp. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14061. [PMID: 38105557 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Once tooth development is complete, odontoblasts and their progenitor cells in the dental pulp play a major role in protecting tooth vitality from external stresses. Hence, understanding the homeostasis of the mature pulp populations is just as crucial as understanding that of the young, developing ones for managing age-related dentinal damage. Here, it is shown that loss of Cpne7 accelerates cellular senescence in odontoblasts due to oxidative stress and DNA damage accumulation. Thus, in Cpne7-null dental pulp, odontoblast survival is impaired, and aberrant dentin is extensively formed. Intraperitoneal or topical application of CPNE7-derived functional peptide, however, alleviates the DNA damage accumulation and rescues the pathologic dentin phenotype. Notably, a healthy dentin-pulp complex lined with metabolically active odontoblasts is observed in 23-month-old Cpne7-overexpressing transgenic mice. Furthermore, physiologic dentin was regenerated in artificial dentinal defects of Cpne7-overexpressing transgenic mice. Taken together, Cpne7 is indispensable for the maintenance and homeostasis of odontoblasts, while promoting odontoblastic differentiation of the progenitor cells. This research thereby introduces its potential in oral disease-targeted applications, especially age-related dental diseases involving dentinal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seon Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeoung-Hyun Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
| | - Geumbit Hwang
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Hyoung Ki
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shengfeng Bai
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Son
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
| | - Seong Min Roh
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
| | - Dong-Seol Lee
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
| | - You-Mi Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehyun Jeon
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sahng G Kim
- Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Byoung-Moo Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gene Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Regenerative Dental Medicine R&D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Gwacheon, GyeonggiDo, Korea
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Tian Q, Wang YY, Li Q, Chen D. Expressions of cytokeratin 14 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath of a Vps4b knockout mouse. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:274-278. [PMID: 34041875 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of Vps4b gene mutation on the expressions of cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) is investigated. METHODS The bilateral mandibular tissues of mouse on postnatal days 5, 9, 11, 15, and 19 were removed. The mandibular first molar tissue sections were obtained after paraffin embedding. The CK14 and PCNA expressions in the epithelial root sheath of the normal mouse and Vps4b knockout mouse were compared through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On postnatal day 5, the normal mouse began to form HERS and had a strong positive PCNA expression in the HERS cells; on postnatal day 9, the HERS structure was continuous, and PCNA was positive in the HERS cells; on postnatal day 11, a small portion of HERS began to break, and PCNA was weakly positive in the HERS cells; on postnatal day 15, HERS continued to fracture; PCNA was weakly and positively expressed in the HERS cells on the root surface; on postnatal day 19, the tooth root reached normal physiological length, and PCNA was positively expressed in the HERS cells of the terminal part. Similar to the normal mouse, the gene knockout mouse also formed a HERS structure on postnatal day 5. However, HERS began to break on postnatal day 9. On postnatal day 19, only a few fragments of HERS were found on the root surface, and the root development was immature. Moreover, the expression intensity of PCNA in the gene knockout mouse was decreased. CONCLUSIONS The Vps4b gene mutation may change the CK14 and PCNA expressions, leading to abnormal root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Dept. of Stomatology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Dept. of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Park YH, Son C, Seo YM, Lee YS, Har A, Park JC. CPNE7-Induced Autophagy Restores the Physiological Function of Mature Odontoblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655498. [PMID: 33981704 PMCID: PMC8107363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin, which composes most of the tooth structure, is formed by odontoblasts, long-lived post-mitotic cells maintained throughout the entire life of the tooth. In mature odontoblasts, however, cellular activity is significantly weakened. Therefore, it is important to augment the cellular activity of mature odontoblasts to regenerate physiological dentin; however, no molecule regulating the cellular activity of mature odontoblasts has yet been identified. Here, we suggest that copine-7 (CPNE7) can reactivate the lost functions of mature odontoblasts by inducing autophagy. CPNE7 was observed to elevate the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), an autophagy marker, and autophagosome formation in the pre-odontoblast and mature odontoblast stages of human dental pulp cells. CPNE7-induced autophagy upregulated DSP and DMP-1, odontoblast differentiation and mineralization markers, and augmented dentin formation in mature odontoblasts. Furthermore, CPNE7 also upregulated NESTIN and TAU, which are expressed in the physiological odontoblast process, and stimulated the elongation of the odontoblast process by inducing autophagy. Moreover, lipofuscin, which progressively accumulates in long-lived post-mitotic cells and hinders their proper functions, was observed to be removed in recombinant CPNE7-treated mature odontoblasts. Thus, CPNE7-induced autophagy reactivated the function of mature odontoblasts and promoted the formation of physiological dentin in vivo. On the other hand, the well-known autophagy inducer, rapamycin, promoted odontoblast differentiation in pre-odontoblasts but did not properly reactivate the function of mature odontoblasts. These findings provide evidence that CPNE7 functionally reactivates mature odontoblasts and introduce its potential for dentinal loss-targeted clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoung-Hyun Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Regenerative Dental Medicine R and D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Son
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Mi Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seon Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alix Har
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Regenerative Dental Medicine R and D Center, HysensBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
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Jiang Y, Liu JM, Huang JP, Lu KX, Sun WL, Tan JY, Li BX, Chen LL, Wu YM. Regeneration potential of decellularized periodontal ligament cell sheets combined with 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 nanoparticles in a rat periodontal defect. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:045008. [PMID: 33793422 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abee61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of attachment and destruction of the periodontium. Decellularized sheet, as an advanced tissue regeneration engineering biomaterial, has been researched and applied in many fields, but its effects on periodontal regeneration remain unclear. In this study, the biological properties of decellularized human periodontal ligament cell (dHPDLC) sheets were evaluated in vitro. Polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GE) nanofibers were fabricated as a carrier to enhance the mechanical strength of the dHPDLC sheet. 15-deoxy-[Formula: see text]-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) nanoparticles were added for anti-inflammation and regeneration improvement. For in vivo analysis, dHPDLC sheets combined with 15d-PGJ2 nanoparticles, with or without PCL/GE, were implanted into rat periodontal defects. The periodontal regeneration effects were identified by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining, and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that DNA content was reduced by 96.6%. The hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were preserved but reduced. The expressions or distribution of collagen I and fibronectin were similar in dHPDLC and nondecellularized cell sheets. The dHPDLC sheets maintained the intact structure of the extracellular matrix. It could be recellularized by allogeneic human periodontal stem ligament cells and retain osteoinductive potential. Newly formed bone, cementum, and PDL were observed in dHPDLC sheets combined with 15d-PGJ2 groups, with or without PCL/GE nanofibers, for four weeks post-operation in vivo. Bringing together all these points, this new construct of dHPDLC sheets can be a potential candidate for periodontal regeneration in an inflammatory environment of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Xu J, Yin Y, Liu T, Chang L, He S, Chen S. Notch signaling inhibition protects against root resorption in experimental immature tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:426-434.e5. [PMID: 33568273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to build an experimental immature tooth movement model and verify less resorption of incompletely developed roots than those fully developed during the same orthodontic treatment, followed by investigating the cellular and molecular mechanism. METHODS The development of Wistar rat tooth was investigated using in vivo microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining to decide the optimal ages of rats for immature tooth and mature tooth groups. The rats in the immature tooth and mature tooth groups were divided into experimental, sham control, and blank control groups. After orthodontic treatment for 3 weeks, the mesial root volume, crown movement distance, neck movement distance, root inclination, and apical distance were measured by microcomputed tomography. The expressions of TRAP, Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The repair of root resorption was also investigated after removing orthodontic force for 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS The root achieved the development stage around 10 weeks, so 4-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats were used in the immature tooth group and mature tooth group, respectively. The volume of root resorption in the experimental immature tooth group was 0.0869 ± 0.0244 mm3, which was less than that in the mature tooth group (0.1218 ± 0.0123 mm3) (P <0.001). Immature tooth movement decreased TRAP-positive odontoclasts on the compression side while having no statistically significant effect on osteoclasts. The protein expression of Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL in the mature tooth group increased significantly compared with the immature tooth group, not only on the compression side but also on the tension sides. The mRNA expression of Jagged1, Notch2, and RANKL was significantly lower in the immature tooth group, whereas the expression of IL-6 had no significance but a strong tendency. The root volume after repairing for 3 weeks was still less than that of blank control, whereas after repairing for 6 weeks, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The experimental immature tooth movement model for the Wistar rat was achieved for the first time. The immature tooth will suffer less root resorption than the mature tooth, which may be due to odontoclastogenesis inhibition by decreased expression of Jagged1/Notch2/IL-6/RANKL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Le Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Oh JE, Yi JK. Isolation and characterization of dental follicle-derived Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1787-1796. [PMID: 32749551 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of dental follicle-derived Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells (DF-HERSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS DF-HERSCs were isolated from dental follicle (DF)-derived single-cell suspensions. Their epithelial phenotypes were analyzed by Western blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced in DF-HERSCs by treatment with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) or fetal bovine serum (FBS)-added medium. Characteristics of DF-HERSCs were compared with normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of DF-HERSCs were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. RESULTS Primary DF-HERSCs were isolated from DF. Epithelial phenotypes of DF-HERSCs were confirmed by morphological and Western blot analysis. PCR results demonstrated that the origin of DF-HERSCs was neither endothelial nor hematopoietic. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD)-associated genes were not expressed in DF-HERSCs. Treatment with TGF-β and FBS-added medium triggered the progression of EMT in DF-HERSCs. The acquired potency of differentiation and mineralization was shown in EMT-progressed DF-HERSCs. CONCLUSIONS DF contains putative populations of HERSC, named DF-HERSC. DF-HERSCs shared common characteristics with NHOKs and NHEKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Eun Oh
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Yi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, 892, Dongnam-Ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, 05278, South Korea.
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Park YH, Lee YS, Seo YM, Seo H, Park JS, Bae HS, Park JC. Midkine Promotes Odontoblast-like Differentiation and Tertiary Dentin Formation. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1082-1091. [PMID: 32442055 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520925427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradation process that is essential for tissue development, cell differentiation, and survival. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy in tooth development has not been definitively identified. The goal of this study was to investigate how autophagy is involved in midkine (MK)-mediated odontoblast-like differentiation, mineralization, and tertiary dentin formation in a mouse tooth pulp exposure model. In vitro studies show that MK and LC3 have similar expression patterns during odontoblast-like cell differentiation. Odontoblast-like cell differentiation is promoted through MK-mediated autophagy, which leads to increased mineralized nodule formation. Subcutaneous transplantation of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate with rMK-treated human dental pulp cells led to dentin pulp-like tissue formation through MK-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, MK-mediated autophagy induces differentiation of dental pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells that form DSP-positive tertiary dentin in vivo. Our findings may provide 1) novel insight into the role of MK in regulating odontoblast-like differentiation and dentin formation in particular via autophagy and 2) potential application of MK in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Seo
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Seoyeong University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Bae
- Department of Oral Hygiene, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Xu J, Yin Y, Liu T, Chang L, Tang Z, Chen S. Association between root resorption and tooth development: A quantitative clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 157:602-610. [PMID: 32354433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to verify less resorption of incompletely developed roots compared with those that were fully developed during the same orthodontic treatment and to test the value of the amount of external apical root resorption for predicting tooth development. METHODS A sample of 524 patients aged 10-15 years was selected following the inclusion criteria. For each subject, pretreatment and posttreatment digital panoramic and lateral radiographs were collected, and tooth development was determined from each radiograph. Through calculations, the amount of root resorption was assessed by a created and scientific approach for large-scale application using radiographs with only 8 measurement indexes for each patient. Other basic information and treatment parameters regarded as possible risk factors were also collected from standardized recordings or radiographs. The root length between the groups or in the single group were compared with t tests and correlation analyses. Linear univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to test identify predictors for root resorption and to develop a prediction model. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of root resorption with tooth development before correction (P <0.001) as well as after correction (P = 0.002). There was a statistically significant correlation (P <0.001) but no difference between pretreatment and posttreatment root length in the immature tooth group because of less root resorption. In the multivariate analyses, tooth development (P <0.001), treatment duration, apex horizontal movements, apex vertical movements, and previous orthodontic treatment were included in the final model as risk factors, and tooth development had the highest beta value. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between root resorption and tooth development, and tooth development is an important predictor of root resorption. Patients with immature teeth are at a much lower risk of apical root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Le Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaomeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Dental Follicle Cells: Roles in Development and Beyond. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9159605. [PMID: 31636679 PMCID: PMC6766151 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9159605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are a group of mesenchymal progenitor cells surrounding the tooth germ, responsible for cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone formation in tooth development. Cascades of signaling pathways and transcriptional factors in DFCs are involved in directing tooth eruption and tooth root morphogenesis. Substantial researches have been made to decipher multiple aspects of DFCs, including multilineage differentiation, senescence, and immunomodulatory ability. DFCs were proved to be multipotent progenitors with decent amplification, immunosuppressed and acquisition ability. They are able to differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts, adipocytes, neuron-like cells, and so forth. The excellent properties of DFCs facilitated clinical application, as exemplified by bone tissue engineering, tooth root regeneration, and periodontium regeneration. Except for the oral and maxillofacial regeneration, DFCs were also expected to be applied in other tissues such as spinal cord defects (SCD), cardiomyocyte destruction. This article reviewed roles of DFCs in tooth development, their properties, and clinical application potentials, thus providing a novel guidance for tissue engineering.
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Du Y, Li J, Hou Y, Chen C, Long W, Jiang H. Alteration of circular RNA expression in rat dental follicle cells during osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13289-13301. [PMID: 30916823 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs and play crucial roles in various biological processes. However, little is known about the functions of circRNAs in osteogenic differentiation. The current study aimed to investigate the differential expression of circRNAs in rat dental follicle cells (rDFCs) during osteogenic differentiation, identified by RNA high-throughput sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to further explore the biofunctions of circRNA biofunctions. Two hundred sixty-six differentially-expressed circRNAs that are involved in several important signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways were revealed. Among these, circFgfr2 and its predicted downstream targets, miR-133 and BMP6 (bone morphogenetic protein-6), were identified both in vivo and in vitro. For further validation, circFgfr2 was overexpressed in rDFCs, the results showed that the expression of miR-133 was downregulated and the expression of BMP6 was upregulated. Taken together, the results revealed the circRNA expression profiles and indicated the importance of circRNAs of rDFCs. In addition, circFgfr2 might promote osteogenesis by controlling miR-133/BMP6, which is a potential new target for the manipulation of tooth regeneration and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuluan Hou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilin Long
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Guo Y, Guo W, Chen J, Chen G, Tian W, Bai D. Are Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells necessary for periodontal formation by dental follicle cells? Arch Oral Biol 2018; 94:1-9. [PMID: 29929068 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells in periodontal formation has been controversial. This study aimed to further clarify whether HERS cells participate in formation of the periodontium, and the necessity of HERS cells in differentiation of dental follicle cells (DFCs) for periodontal regeneration. DESIGN HERS cells and DFCs were isolated and identified from post-natal 7-day Sprauge-Dawley rats. In vitro, direct co-culture of HERS cells and DFCs as well as the individual culture of HERS and DFCs were performed and followed by alizarin red staining and the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. For in vivo evaluation, the inactivated dentin matrix (iTDM) was fabricated. HERS cells and DFCs were seeded in combination or alone on iTDM and then transplanted into the rat omentum. Scanning electron microscope and further histological analysis were carried out. RESULTS In vitro, mineral-like nodules were found in the culture of HERS cells alone or HERS + DFCs either by alizarin red staining or scanning electronic microscope. The mineralization and fiber-forming relevant mRNA expressions, such as bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, collagen I and collagen III in HERS + DFCs were significantly higher than that of the HERS or DFCs alone group. After transplantation in vivo, cementum and periodontal ligament-like tissues were formed in groups of HERS + DFCs and HERS alone, while no evident hard tissues and attached fibers were found in DFCs alone. CONCLUSIONS Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells directly participate in the formation of the periodontium, and they are essential for the differentiation of dental follicle cells to form periodontal structures. The combination use of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells and dental follicle cells is a promising approach for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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12
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Wnt3a promotes differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into cementoblast-like cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:468-476. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Hosoya A, Takahama A, Nakamura H. Localization of RELM-β/FIZZ2 Is Associated with Cementum Formation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1865-1874. [PMID: 28681425 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Oral Histology; Matsumoto Dental University; Nagano Japan
| | - Akira Takahama
- Department of Oral Histology; Matsumoto Dental University; Nagano Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Histology; Matsumoto Dental University; Nagano Japan
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14
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Harris SE, Rediske M, Neitzke R, Rakian A. Periodontal Biology: Stem Cells, Bmp2 Gene, Transcriptional Enhancers, and Use of Sclerostin Antibody and Pth for Treatment of Periodontal Disease and Bone Loss. CELL, STEM CELLS AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 3:10.16966/2472-6990.113. [PMID: 29457146 PMCID: PMC5813290 DOI: 10.16966/2472-6990.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The periodontium is a complex tissue with epithelial components and a complex set of mesodermal derived alveolar bone, cellular and a cellular cementum, and tendon like ligaments (PDL). The current evidence demonstrates that the major pool of periodontal stem cells is derived from a population of micro vascular associated aSMA-positive stem/progenitor (PSC) cells that by lineage tracing form all three major mesodermal derived components of the periodontium. With in vitro aSMA+ stem cells, transcriptome and chip- seq experiments, the gene network and enhancer maps were determined at several differentiation states of the PSC. Current work on the role of the Bmp2 gene in the periodontal stem cell differentiation demonstrated that this Wnt regulated gene, Bmp2, is necessary for differentiation to all three major mesodermal derived component of the periodontium. The mechanism and use of Sclerostin antibody as an activator of Wnt signaling and Bmp2 gene as a potential route to treat craniofacial bone loss is discussed. As well, the mechanism and use of Pth in the treatment of periodontal bone loss or other craniofacial bone loss is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael Rediske
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rebecca Neitzke
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Audrey Rakian
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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ITAYA S, OKA K, OGATA K, TAMURA S, KIRA -TATSUOKA M, FUJIWARA N, OTSU K, TSURUGA E, OZAKI M, HARADA H. Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath cells contribute to formation of periodontal ligament through epithelial-mesenchymal transition by TGF-β . Biomed Res 2017; 38:61-69. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi ITAYA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kyoko OKA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kayoko OGATA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Shougo TAMURA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Michiko KIRA -TATSUOKA
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Naoki FUJIWARA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Keishi OTSU
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University
| | - Eichi TSURUGA
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sci-ences, Hirosaki University
| | - Masao OZAKI
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hidemitsu HARADA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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17
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Cementoblastic lineage formation in the cross-talk between stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth and epithelial rests of Malassez cells. Clin Oral Investig 2015. [PMID: 26392396 DOI: 10.1007/s.00784-015-1601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of epithelial rests of Malassez cells (ERM) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on proliferation, cementogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). MATERIALS AND METHODS SHED were co-cultured with ERM with/without TGF-β1. Then, SHED proliferation, morphological appearance, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization behaviour and gene/protein expression of cemento/osteoblastic phenotype were evaluated. RESULTS TGF-β1 enhanced SHED proliferation when either cultured alone or co-cultured with ERM. ERM induced the cementoblastic differentiation of SHED which was significantly accelerated when treated with TGF-β1. This activity was demonstrated by high ALP activity, strong mineral deposition and upregulation of cementum/bone-related gene and protein expressions (i.e. ALP, collagen type I, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and cementum attachment protein). CONCLUSIONS ERM were able to induce SHED differentiation along the cemento/osteoblastic lineage that was triggered in the presence of TGF-β1. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The cemento/osteoblastic differentiation capability of SHED possesses a therapeutic potential in endodontic and periodontal tissue engineering.
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18
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Cementoblastic lineage formation in the cross-talk between stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth and epithelial rests of Malassez cells. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1181-91. [PMID: 26392396 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of epithelial rests of Malassez cells (ERM) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on proliferation, cementogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). MATERIALS AND METHODS SHED were co-cultured with ERM with/without TGF-β1. Then, SHED proliferation, morphological appearance, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization behaviour and gene/protein expression of cemento/osteoblastic phenotype were evaluated. RESULTS TGF-β1 enhanced SHED proliferation when either cultured alone or co-cultured with ERM. ERM induced the cementoblastic differentiation of SHED which was significantly accelerated when treated with TGF-β1. This activity was demonstrated by high ALP activity, strong mineral deposition and upregulation of cementum/bone-related gene and protein expressions (i.e. ALP, collagen type I, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and cementum attachment protein). CONCLUSIONS ERM were able to induce SHED differentiation along the cemento/osteoblastic lineage that was triggered in the presence of TGF-β1. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The cemento/osteoblastic differentiation capability of SHED possesses a therapeutic potential in endodontic and periodontal tissue engineering.
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19
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Sakisaka Y, Tsuchiya M, Nakamura T, Tamura M, Shimauchi H, Nemoto E. Wnt5a attenuates Wnt3a-induced alkaline phosphatase expression in dental follicle cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Nemoto E, Sakisaka Y, Tsuchiya M, Tamura M, Nakamura T, Kanaya S, Shimonishi M, Shimauchi H. Wnt3a signaling induces murine dental follicle cells to differentiate into cementoblastic/osteoblastic cells via an osterix-dependent pathway. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:164-74. [PMID: 26095156 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dental follicle cells, putative progenitor cells for cementoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, interplay with Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells during tooth root formation, in which HERS is considered to have an inductive role in initiating cementogenesis by epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. However, the specific mechanisms controlling the cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of dental follicle cells are not fully understood. Canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in increased bone formation by controlling mesenchymal stem cell or osteoblastic cell functions. This study examined the possible expression of canonical Wnt ligand in HERS and the role of Wnt signaling during the cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of dental follicle cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of Wnt3a, a representative canonical Wnt ligand, in HERS was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The differentiation and function of immortalized murine dental follicle cells were evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Alpl) activity and osteogenic gene expression. RESULTS We identified the expression of Wnt3a in HERS during mouse tooth root development by immunohistochemistry as well as in cultured human epithelial rest cells of Malassez by real-time polymerase chain reaction, while no expression of Wnt3a was detected in cultured dental mesenchymal cells. Exposure of immortalized murine dental follicle cells to Wnt3a-induced ALP activity as well as expression of the Alpl gene. Pretreatment of cells with Dickkopf-1, a potent canonical Wnt antagonist, markedly attenuated the effect of Wnt3a on ALP expression. Furthermore, Wnt3a induced transcriptional activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and expression of osterix at gene and/or protein levels. Treatment with osterix-small interfering RNA significantly inhibited Wnt3a-induced ALP expression at gene and protein levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HERS has a potential role in stimulating cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of dental follicle cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Sakisaka
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Tsuchiya
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kanaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Shimonishi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Shimauchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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21
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Osteogenic differentiation and gene expression profile of human dental follicle cells induced by human dental pulp cells. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:93-106. [PMID: 25520056 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) differentiate into cementoblasts or osteoblasts under appropriate triggering. However, the mechanism(s) for osteogenic differentiation of DFCs are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dental papilla-derived human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) on osteogenic differentiation of human DFCs (hDFCs) in vitro and in vivo and to compare gene expression in hDFCs in the presence or absence of hDPCs. To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hDFCs induced by hDPCs, hDFCs were cultured in osteogenic medium with or without hDPCs-conditioned medium (CM) in vitro and the cells transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of immunodeficient mice in vivo. The hDPCs-CM enhanced alkaline phosphatase promoter activity of hDFCs in osteogenic culture. The expression of several osteoblast marker genes was increased in hDFCs treated with hDPCs-CM compared to hDFCs in normal medium. The hDFCs induced by hDPCs-CM also produced more calcified nodules than hDFCs in normal medium. In transplantation experiments, hDPCs-CM promoted the osteogenic induction and bone formation of hDFCs. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR showed that osteogenesis-related genes including WNT2, VCAN, OSR2, FOSB, and POSTN in hDFCs were significantly upregulated after induction by hDPCs-CM compared to hDFCs in normal medium. These findings indicate that hDPCs could increase the expression of osteogenic genes in hDFCs and stimulate their osteogenesis and could be a cellular resource for bone regeneration therapy when induced by hDPCs-derived factors.
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22
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Chen X, Chen G, Feng L, Jiang Z, Guo W, Yu M, Tian W. Expression of Nfic during root formation in first mandibular molar of rat. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:619-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Yang Y, Ge Y, Chen G, Yan Z, Yu M, Feng L, Jiang Z, Guo W, Tian W. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells regulate osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells through the Wnt pathway. Bone 2014; 63:158-65. [PMID: 24657304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of periodontal ligament-cementum complex (PLCC) originates from the interaction between epithelial cells of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and mesenchymal cells of the dental follicle. While previous studies have suggested that the Wnt pathway is involved in osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells (DFCs) during tooth root development, its involvement in the interaction between DFCs and HERS cells (HERSCs) in tooth root mineralization remains unclear. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that HERSCs control osteogenic differentiation of DFCs via the Wnt pathway. We found that during co-culture with HERSCs, DFCs exhibited a greater tendency to form mineralized nodules. Moreover, under these conditions, DFCs expressed high levels of cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation-related markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN), the periodontal ligament phenotype-related gene type I collagen (COL1), and β-catenin (CTNNB1), a core player in the canonical Wnt pathway. In contrast, expression in DFCs of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was greatly decreased in the presence of HERSCs. Expression of CTNNB1 in DFCs was stimulated by Wnt3a, a representative canonical member of the Wnt family of ligands, but suppressed by Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a Wnt/CTNNB1 signaling inhibitor. Furthermore, in the presence of treated dentin matrix (TDM), differentiation of DFCs was enhanced by Wnt3a when they were in direct contact with HERSCs, but was curtailed by DKK1. Taken together, these results indicate that during tooth root formation, HERSCs induce osteogenic differentiation of DFCs in a process involving the Wnt pathway and the dentin matrix. Our study not only contributes to our understanding of tooth root development and diseases of tooth root mineralization, but also proffers a novel potential strategy for controlling mineralization during tooth root regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaneng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pedodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec., Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Darwish SS, Abd El Meguid SH, Wahba NA, Mohamed AAR, Chrzanowski W, Abou Neel EA. Root maturation and dentin-pulp response to enamel matrix derivative in pulpotomized permanent teeth. J Tissue Eng 2014; 5:2041731414521707. [PMID: 24551447 PMCID: PMC3924881 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414521707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of pulpotomy of young permanent teeth depends on the proper selection of dressing materials. This study aimed to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric response of dentin–pulp complex to the enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain® gel) compared to that of calcium hydroxide when used as a pulp dressing in immature young permanent dogs’ teeth. Dentin-like tissues bridging the full width of the coronal pulp at the interface between the injured and healthy pulp tissues were seen after 1 month in both groups. With time, the dentin bridge increased in thickness for calcium hydroxide but disintegrated and fully disappeared for Emdogain-treated group. Progressive inflammation and total pulp degeneration were only evident with Emdogain-treated group. The root apices of Emdogain-treated teeth became matured and closed by cementum that attached to new alveolar bone by a well-oriented periodontal ligament. In young permanent dentition, Emdogain could be a good candidate for periodontium but not dentino–pulpal complex regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Darwish
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Egypt
| | - Shadia H Abd El Meguid
- Oral Biology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Wahba
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A-R Mohamed
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Conservative Dental Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt ; UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD
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Chen P, Wei D, Xie B, Ni J, Xuan D, Zhang J. Effect and Possible Mechanism of Network Between MicroRNAs andRUNX2Gene on Human Dental Follicle Cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 115:340-8. [PMID: 24038414 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Dixin Wei
- Department of Periodontology; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Baoyi Xie
- Department of Periodontology; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontology; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Dongying Xuan
- Department of Periodontology; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jincai Zhang
- Department of Periodontology; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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Xiong J, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Role of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez in the development, maintenance and regeneration of periodontal ligament tissues. Periodontol 2000 2013; 63:217-33. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Wang Y, Lv L, Yu X, Zhang T, Li S. The characteristics of epithelial cell rests of Malassez during tooth eruption of development mice. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Yoo CH, Na HJ, Lee DS, Heo SC, An Y, Cha J, Choi C, Kim JH, Park JC, Cho YS. Endothelial progenitor cells from human dental pulp-derived iPS cells as a therapeutic target for ischemic vascular diseases. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8149-60. [PMID: 23896001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) are a valuable source for the generation of patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). An advanced strategy for the safe and efficient reprogramming of hDPCs and subsequent lineage-specific differentiation is a critical step toward clinical application. In present research, we successfully generated hDPC-iPSCs using only two non-oncogenic factors: Oct4 and Sox2 (2F hDPC-hiPSCs) and evaluated the feasibility of hDPC-iPSCs as substrates for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), contributing to EPC-based therapies. Under conventional differentiation conditions, 2F hDPC-hiPSCs showed higher differentiation efficiency, compared to hiPSCs from other cell types, into multipotent CD34(+) EPCs (2F-hEPCs) capable to differentiate into functional endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The angiogenic and neovasculogenic activities of 2F-hEPCs were confirmed using a Matrigel plug assay in mice. In addition, the therapeutic effects of 2F-hEPC transplantation were confirmed in mouse models of hind-limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. Importantly, 2F-EPCs effectively integrated into newly formed vascular structures and enhanced neovascularization via likely both direct and indirect paracrine mechanisms. 2F hDPC-hiPSCs have a robust capability for the generation of angiogenic and vasculogenic EPCs, representing a strategy for patient-specific EPC therapies and disease modeling, particularly for ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hwa Yoo
- Stem Cells Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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29
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Isolation and enhancement of a homogenous in vitro human Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cell population. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11157-70. [PMID: 23712356 PMCID: PMC3709725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells play a pivotal role during root formation of the tooth and are able to form cementum-like tissue. The aim of the present study was to establish a HERS cell line for molecular and biochemical studies using a selective digestion method. Selective digestion was performed by the application of trypsin-EDTA for 2 min, which led to the detachment of fibroblast-like-cells, with the rounded cells attached to the culture plate. The HERS cells displayed a typical cuboidal/squamous-shaped appearance. Characterization of the HERS cells using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis showed that these cells expressed pan-cytokeratin, E-cadherin, and p63 as epithelial markers. Moreover, RT-PCR confirmed that these cells expressed epithelial-related genes, such as cytokeratin 14, E-cadherin, and ΔNp63. Additionally, HERS cells showed low expression of CD44 and CD105 with absence of CD34 and amelogenin expressions. In conclusion, HERS cells have been successfully isolated using a selective digestion method, thus enabling future studies on the roles of these cells in the formation of cementum-like tissue in vitro.
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30
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The role of preameloblast-conditioned medium in dental pulp regeneration. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:715-21. [PMID: 23673900 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulp regeneration using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) maintains tooth vitality compared with conventional root canal therapy. Our previous study demonstrated that preameloblast-conditioned medium (PA-CM) from murine apical bud cells induces the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and promoted dentin formation in mouse subcutaneous tissue. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of PA-CM with human whole pulp cells on pulp regeneration in an empty root canal space. Human pulp cells were seeded in the pulp cavities of 5 mm-thick human tooth segments with or without PA-CM treatment, and then transplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. In the pulp cell-only group, skeletal muscle with pulp-like tissue was generated in the pulp cavity. A reparative dentin-like structure with entrapped cells lined the existing dentin wall. However, in the PA-CM-treated group, only pulp-like tissue was regenerated without muscle or a reparative dentin-like structure. Moreover, human odontoblast-like cells exhibited palisade arrangement around the pulp, and typical odontoblast processes elongated into dentinal tubules. The results suggest that PA-CM can induce pulp regeneration of human pulp cells with physiological structures in an empty root canal space.
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31
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Apoptosis of the reduced enamel epithelium and its implications for bone resorption during tooth eruption. J Mol Histol 2012; 44:65-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Xiong J, Mrozik K, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Epithelial cell rests of Malassez contain unique stem cell populations capable of undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2012-25. [PMID: 22122577 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) are odontogenic epithelial cells located within the periodontal ligament matrix. While their function is unknown, they may support tissue homeostasis and maintain periodontal ligament space or even contribute to periodontal regeneration. We investigated the notion that ERM contain a subpopulation of stem cells that could undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and differentiate into mesenchymal stem-like cells with multilineage potential. For this purpose, ERM collected from ovine incisors were subjected to different inductive conditions in vitro, previously developed for the characterization of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BMSC). We found that ex vivo-expanded ERM expressed both epithelial (cytokeratin-8, E-cadherin, and epithelial membrane protein-1) and BMSC markers (CD44, CD29, and heat shock protein-90β). Integrin α6/CD49f could be used for the enrichment of clonogenic cell clusters [colony-forming units-epithelial cells (CFU-Epi)]. Integrin α6/CD49f-positive-selected epithelial cells demonstrated over 50- and 7-fold greater CFU-Epi than integrin α(6)/CD49f-negative cells and unfractionated cells, respectively. Importantly, ERM demonstrated stem cell-like properties in their differentiation capacity to form bone, fat, cartilage, and neural cells in vitro. When transplanted into immunocompromised mice, ERM generated bone, cementum-like and Sharpey's fiber-like structures. Additionally, gene expression studies showed that osteogenic induction of ERM triggered an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, ERM are unusual cells that display the morphological and phenotypic characteristics of ectoderm-derived epithelial cells; however, they also have the capacity to differentiate into a mesenchymal phenotype and thus represent a unique stem cell population within the periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Xiong
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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33
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Lee JH, Lee DS, Choung HW, Shon WJ, Seo BM, Lee EH, Cho JY, Park JC. Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells induced by preameloblast-derived factors. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9696-706. [PMID: 21925730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of odontoblasts is initiated by the organization of differentiating ameloblasts during tooth formation. However, the exact roles of ameloblast-derived factors in odontoblast differentiation have not yet been characterized. We investigated the effects of preameloblast-conditioned medium (PA-CM) on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we analyzed the PA-CM by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify novel factors that facilitate odontoblast differentiation. In the co-culture of MDPC-23 cells or hDPSCs with mouse apical bud cells (ABCs), ABCs promoted differentiation of odontoblastic MDPC-23 cells and facilitated odontoblast differentiation of hDPSCs. PA-CM, CM from ABCs after 3 days culture, was most effective in increasing the dentin sialophosphoprotein promoter activity of odontoblastic MDPC-23 cells. When PA-CM-treated hDPSCs were transplanted into immunocompromised mice, they generated pulp-like structures lined with human odontoblast-like cells showing typical odontoblast processes. However, during recombinant human bone morphogenenetic protein 2-treated hDPSCs transplantation, some of the cells were entrapped in mineralized matrix possessing osteocyte characteristics. After proteomic analyses, we identified 113 types of proteins in PA-CM, of which we characterized 23. The results show that preameloblast-derived factors induce the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and promote dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, BK21 Project, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
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34
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Maeda H, Tomokiyo A, Fujii S, Wada N, Akamine A. Promise of periodontal ligament stem cells in regeneration of periodontium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2011; 2:33. [PMID: 21861868 PMCID: PMC3219064 DOI: 10.1186/scrt74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A great number of patients around the world experience tooth loss that is attributed to irretrievable damage of the periodontium caused by deep caries, severe periodontal diseases or irreversible trauma. The periodontium is a complex tissue composed mainly of two soft tissues and two hard tissues; the former includes the periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and gingival tissue, and the latter includes alveolar bone and cementum covering the tooth root. Tissue engineering techniques are therefore required for regeneration of these tissues. In particular, PDL is a dynamic connective tissue that is subjected to continual adaptation to maintain tissue size and width, as well as structural integrity, including ligament fibers and bone modeling. PDL tissue is central in the periodontium to retain the tooth in the bone socket, and is currently recognized to include somatic mesenchymal stem cells that could reconstruct the periodontium. However, successful treatment using these stem cells to regenerate the periodontium efficiently has not yet been developed. In the present article, we discuss the contemporary standpoints and approaches for these stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology & Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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