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Zhao F, Wang L, Zhang Y, Tang S, Ji P, Xiang X, Pang X. MiR-494-3p regulates skin fibroblast activities by mediating fibromodulin production. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31404. [PMID: 39129212 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a well-coordinated process in which various cells and factors participate, during which fibroblast exhibits a critical role by exerting its multiple activities, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Previous studies have identified that fibromodulin (FMOD) could enhance dermal wound healing by promoting skin fibroblast activities, but little is known about its upstream regulator. We occasionally found that FMOD expression was downregulated in skin fibroblast by transforming growth factor-β1 treatment. It was hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNA) in skin fibroblast could downregulate FMOD production and blocking them would increase FMOD expression, as well as promote skin wound healing. Here, by utilizing combined analysis of miRNA microarray from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and miRNA targets prediction, we successfully identified a miRNA, termed miR-494-3p, could regulate FMOD production in human skin fibroblast (BJ fibroblast). The functional analysis revealed that miR-494-3p mimics could inhibit BJ fibroblast migration and invasion but not proliferation and differentiation, while miR-494-3p inhibition markedly promotes migration, invasion, and differentiation of BJ fibroblast. Moreover, we established FMOD overexpression (OE) and knockout BJ fibroblast. We found that FMOD OE could rescue the inhibitory effects of miR-494-3p mimics on the migration and invasion of BJ fibroblast. In contrast, the miR-494-3p inhibitor transfection could not enhance migration, invasion, and differentiation of FMOD KO BJ fibroblast. Together, our results suggest that miR-494-3p may be a potential target for skin wound management via regulating FMOD production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linshu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Shen K, Guan H. PTEN hinders the formation of scars by regulating the levels of proteins in the extracellular matrix and promoting the apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts through Bcl-xL. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109912. [PMID: 38325773 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a dermatological condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an elevated cell count. The development of HS is thought to be linked to the disruption of dermal fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. The processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis are notably influenced by PTEN. However, the precise mechanisms by which PTEN regulates hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and its overall role in scar formation are still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of PTEN on hypertrophic scars(HS) and its function in the regulation of scar formation, with the aim of identifying a pivotal molecular target for scar treatment. Our results demonstrate that the overexpression of PTEN (AdPTEN) significantly suppressed the expression of type I collagen (Col I), type III collagen (Col III), and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HSFs. Furthermore, it was observed that the introduction of AdPTEN resulted in the suppression of Bcl-xL expression, which consequently led to an increase in the apoptosis of HSFs. Similarly, in the inhibition of collagens expression and subsequent increase in HSF apoptosis were also observed upon silencing Bcl-xL (sibcl-xL). Additionally, the in vitro model demonstrated that both AdPTEN and sibcl-xL were effective in reducing the contraction of FPCL. The findings of our study provide validation for the role of PTEN in inhibiting the development of hypertrophic scars (HS) by modulating the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and promoting apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) via Bcl-xL. These results indicate that PTEN and Bcl-xL may hold promise as potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at managing hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Al-Rawaf HA, Gabr SA, Alghadir AH. Potential roles of circulating microRNAs in the healing of type 1 diabetic wounds treated with green tea extract: molecular and biochemical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22020. [PMID: 38027999 PMCID: PMC10665742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating miRNAs have been implicated in various aspects of diabetic wound healing, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Thus, in alternative herbal medicine strategies, miRNAs will be potential therapeutic molecular targets in nonhealing wounds. These could be valuable elements for understanding the molecular basis of diabetic wound healing and could be used as good elements in bioinformatics. Objectives To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in association with apoptosis-inducing genes in controlling skin wound healing in diabetic wounds treated with green tea polyphenols (GTPs). Methods Green tea hydro extract (GTE) at doses of100-200 mg/ml was topically applied to the skin tissues of rats with T1DM induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 100 mg/kg, in 0.01 M sodium citrate, pH 4.3-4.5) injected intraperitoneally for seven consecutive days to induce T1DM. The rats were treated with green tea for three weeks. A sterile surgical blade was used to inflict a circular wound approximately 2 cm in diameter on the anterior-dorsal side of previously anesthetized rats by a combination of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg, i.e., body weight) and xylazine hydrochloride. Afterward, the molecular roles of the circulating miRNAs miR-21, miR-23a, miR-146a, and miR-29b and apoptotic genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 in wound healing. In addition, HPLC analysis was also performed to estimate the active polyphenols (GTPs) present in the hydro extract of green tea leaves. Results Wound healing was improved in diabetic skin wounds following treatment with GTE at doses of 100-200 mg/dl for three weeks. The wound parameters contraction, epithelialization, and scar formation significantly improved in a short time (14 days) compared to the longer periods identified in diabetic non-treated rats (20 days) and the standard control (15.5 days). Molecular analyses reported a significant increase in the levels of miR-21, miR-23a, and miR-146a and a decrease in the levels of miR-29b in green tea-treated diabetic rats compared to those in the standard control and STZ-diabetic non-treated rats. In addition, the molecular apoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 significantly increased, and the BcL-2 gene significantly decreased following treatment with green tea polyphenols. Conclusions The data showed that active green tea polyphenols (GTPs) present in GTE significantly improved diabetic wound healing by controlling apoptotic genes and the circulating microRNAs miR-21, miR-23a, miR-146a, and miR-29b, which might be involved in cellular apoptosis and angiogenesis processes. Thus, to establish a future model for the treatment of diabetic wounds, further studies are needed to understand the potential association of these biological parameters with the wound-healing process in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao W, Zhang R, Zang C, Zhang L, Zhao R, Li Q, Yang Z, Feng Z, Zhang W, Cui R. Exosome Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Pathological Scars by Inhibiting the Proliferation, Migration and Protein Expression of Fibroblasts via Delivering miR-138-5p to Target SIRT1. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4023-4038. [PMID: 36105616 PMCID: PMC9467851 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The therapies of using exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) for wound healing and scar attenuation and micro RNAs (miRNAs) for regulation of genes by translational inhibition and mRNA destabilization obtained great achievements. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is the silent information, which has an intricate role in many biological processes. However, the effects of SIRT1 and miR-138-5p loaded in MSC-Exo on pathological scars remain unclear. Methods MSC-Exo was isolated and identified by ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size measuring instrument and Western blot assays. The relationship between SIRT1 and miR-138-5p was verified by a double-luciferase reporter assay. Cell Counting Kit-8, Τranswell, scratch, and Western blot assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs), and the protein expression of SIRT1, NF-κB, α-SMA and TGF-β1 in HSFs, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess the apoptosis and cell cycle of HSFs affected by SIRT1. Results Our study demonstrated that miR-138-5p loaded in MSC-Exo could attenuate proliferation, migration and protein expression of HSFs-derived NF-κB, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 by targeting to SIRT1 gene, which confirmed the potential effects of MSC-Exo in alleviating pathological scars by performing as a miRNA’s delivery vehicle. Conclusion Exosomes derived from MSCs acting as a delivery vehicle to deliver miR-138-5p can downregulate SIRT1 to inhibit the growth and protein expression of HSFs and attenuate pathological scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Zang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjie Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongtao Cui
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Menchaca AD, Style CC, Olutoye OO. A Review of Hypertrophic Scar and Keloid Treatment and Prevention in the Pediatric Population: Where Are We Now? Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:255-279. [PMID: 34030473 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: This body of work gives a concise and comprehensive overview for the clinician and scientist on the latest treatment modalities for hypertrophic scars (HTS) and keloids in the pediatric population, as well as the most promising methods of prevention currently being investigated. This review will serve as a guide to the clinician for treatment selection and as an efficient tool for the scientist to achieve a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature to guide their future experiments aimed at pathologic scar prevention. Recent Advances: Current studies in the literature suggest carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and E-light (bipolar radiofrequency, intense pulsed light, and cooling) are two of the most effective treatment modalities for HTS, while surgical excision+CO2 laser+triamcinolone injection was one of the most successful treatments for keloids. In animal models, drug impregnated electrospun nanofiber dressings offer encouraging results for HTS prevention, while Kelulut honey showed promising results for keloid prevention. Critical Issues: Treatment outcome reproducibility is hindered by small cohorts of patients, inadequate-follow up, and variability in assessment tools. Prevention studies show multiple ways of achieving the same result, yet fall short of complete prevention. Furthermore, some studies that have purported full prevention have not been validated. Future Directions: To establish a standard of care, large clinical trials of the most successful modalities in small cohorts are needed. The key for prevention will be validation in animal models of the most successful methods, followed by translational and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D. Menchaca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Candace C. Style
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Oluyinka O. Olutoye
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Chen HY, Lei Y, OuYang HW, Gold MH, Tan J. Experimental comparative study of the effect of fractional CO 2 laser combined with pulsed dye laser versus each laser alone on the treatment of hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:979-990. [PMID: 34997983 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The use of fractional CO2 laser and pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy to treat and/or prevent scarring following burn injury is becoming more widespread with a number of studies reporting reduction in scar erythema and pruritus following treatment with lasers. The objective of this study was to directly compare the efficacy of PDL, fractional CO2 , and PDL and fractional CO2 laser therapy in immature red hypertrophic scars in a standardized animal model. METHODS Ten New Zealand big-eared rabbits were used to make rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models. A total of 80 hypertrophic scar models were obtained and randomly divided into groups: control (Group A), Fractional CO2 laser (Group B), pulse dye laser (Group C), combined (Group D), 20 in each group. Wound sites were treated with PDL, Fractional CO2 laser, or both at 28 days post-grafting. Grafts receiving no laser therapy served as controls. Hypertrophic scar appearance, morphology, size, and erythema were assessed, and punch biopsies were collected. At days 7 and 28, additional tissue was collected for biomechanical analyses and markers for HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical method to determine the CD31 content in the scar; Western blot to detect the expression of VEGF protein in scars. After the day 7 and 28, the scars were collected. Histomorphological change in scars was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining. The expression of CD31, VEGF protein, and the cell apoptosis rate was detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS (i) In morphological observation, HE staining and Masson staining, both the number of fibroblasts and amount of collagen fibrils in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in control group. (ii) Micro-vessel Density (MVD) value can be found much smaller in the experimental groups than the control (p < 0.05). Among the four experimental groups, there was a significant difference among 14d, 21d, and 28d groups (p < 0.05). (iii) On days 7 and 28 after treatment, expression of VEGF could be regulated in experimental group (p < 0.05). Among the three experimental groups, the decrease of VEGF in the combined group was significantly stronger than that of the other two. CONCLUSION The effect of Fractional CO2 laser combined with pulsed dye laser treatment was shown to be better than that of Fractional CO2 laser or pulsed dye laser alone and inhibits the early hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Chen
- Department of Plastic & Laser Cosmetic, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Plastic & Laser Cosmetic, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hua-Wei OuYang
- Department of Plastic & Laser Cosmetic, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jun Tan
- Department of Plastic & Laser Cosmetic, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
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Zhang Z, Gao X, He Y, Kang Y, Jin F, Li Y, Li T, Wei Z, Li S, Cai W, Mao N, Wang S, Liu H, Yang F, Xu H, Yang J. MicroRNA-411-3p inhibits bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor-β/Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor-2 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11290-11299. [PMID: 34783198 PMCID: PMC8650044 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin fibrosis, which is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and increased extracellular matrix, has no effective treatment. An increasing number of studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) participate in the mechanism of skin fibrosis, such as in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and pathological scarring. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of miR‐411‐3p in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced skin fibrosis and skin fibroblast transformation. Using Western blot analysis and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assess the expression levels of miR‐411‐3p, collagen (COLI) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β/Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor (Smurf)‐2/Smad signalling factors both in vitro and in vivo with or without BLM. To explore the regulatory relationship between miR‐411‐3p and Smurf2, we used the luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, miR‐411‐3p overexpression was identified in vitro and in vivo via transfection with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent and injection. Finally, we tested the dermal layer of the skin using haematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson's staining. We found that miR‐411‐3p expression was decreased in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced skin fibrosis and fibroblasts. However, BLM accelerated transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signalling and collagen production. Overexpression of miR‐411‐3p inhibited the expression of collagen, F‐actin and the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway factors in BLM‐induced skin fibrosis and fibroblasts. In addition, miR‐411‐3p inhibited the target Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor (Smurf)‐2. Furthermore, Smurf2 was silenced, which attenuated the expression of collagen via suppression of the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway. We demonstrated that miR‐411‐3p exerts antifibrotic effects by inhibiting the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway via targeting of Smurf2 in skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Gao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyu Jin
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchen Cai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Mao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Gu S, Huang X, Xu X, Liu Y, Khoong Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Gao Y, Zan T. Inhibition of CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) expression by miRNA-190a-3p enhances hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblast migration in vitro. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:613. [PMID: 34384362 PMCID: PMC8359300 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a fibroproliferative skin disorder characterized by excessive cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) has previously been identified as the key regulatory gene of hypertrophic scar by a large sample GWAS study. However, further research has not yet been conducted to verify this finding in other HTS patients and to determine the underlying mechanism. Results In this study, we verified that CSMD1 was downregulated in both HTS tissue and HTS-derived fibroblasts. The knockdown of CSMD1 resulted in enhanced migration and fibronectin1 (FN1) secretion in fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of CSMD1 were also investigated through microRNA (miRNA) databases screening and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) respectively. The screening of four common microRNA (miRNA) databases suggested that miR-190a-3p binds to the CSMD1 and may regulate its expression. We confirmed that miR-190a-3p directly targeted the CSMD1–3′-UTR using luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-190a-3p showed promotion of migratory activity and FN1 secretion in fibroblasts, resembling the effect of CSMD1 knockdown; whereas the knockdown of miR-190a-3p exerted the opposite effect. Finally, transcriptomic analysis showed activation of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in the CSMD1 knockdown fibroblasts. Conclusions This study has validated the conclusions of the previous GWAS study conducted in Chinese population. In vitro experiments have provided further evidence on the function of CSMD1 in the development of HTS, and have also revealed the underlying upstream and downstream regulating mechanisms. Additionally, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway identified using RNA-seq might provide a potential treatment approach, especially for HTS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07920-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Khoong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Haizhou Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yashan Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China.
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Ying M, Chen Y, Yuan B. Knockdown of lysyl oxidase like 1 inhibits the proliferation and pro-fibrotic effects of Transforming growth factor-β1-induced hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1272-1279. [PMID: 34283938 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive healing response during wound repair can result in hypertrophic scars (HS). Lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL1) has been reported to be associated with fibrosis via targeting TGF-β1 signaling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LOXL1 on HS formation. METHODS The expression of LOXL1 in HS tissues and TGF-β1-induced HSFs was detected via RT-qPCR and western blot. LOXL1 was silenced in HSFs using transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), then wound healing process including cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, migration and extracellular matrix deposition along with Smad expression were measured by CCK-8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, transwell, immunofluorescence and western blot assays. RESULTS LOXL1 was up-regulated in HS tissues and TGF-β1-induced HSFs. Knockdown of LOXL1 inhibited proliferation and migration, but promoted cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest in TGF-β1-induced HSFs. The increased expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, MMP2, MMP9, COL1A1, COL1A2, fibronectin, COL3A1, α-SMA, but decreased expression of p27, and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 caused by TGF-β1 were also blocked by LOXL1 silence. CONCLUSIONS Silence of LOXL1 could effectively inhibit TGF-β1-induced proliferation, migration and ECM deposition in HSFs via inactivating Smad pathway. Targeting LOXL1 may have future therapeutic implications for HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Ying
- Ningbo University, 47862, Department of Dermatology, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315211;
| | - Yan Chen
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China;
| | - Bo Yuan
- Ningbo University, 47862, Department of Dermatology, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China;
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10
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Shi W, Wu Y, Bian D. p75NTR silencing inhibits proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by activating autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:349-359. [PMID: 32726570 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) results from abnormal wound healing, accompanied by excessive hypercellularity, migration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Autophagy dysregulation plays crucial roles during HS formation. The overexpressed p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in injured skin tissue after wound healing becomes a factor aggravating scar. This study was designed to investigate the role of p75NTR and p75NTR-mediated autophagy in the process of HS. The results revealed that p75NTR expression was significantly upregulated while that of autophagy proteins was downregulated in cicatrix at 3 and 6 months after a burn, which was recovered at 12 months. p75NTR silencing inhibited proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSF), whereas p75NTR overexpression presented the opposite results. Silencing of p75NTR reduced the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling molecules while enhancing that of autophagy proteins. Importantly, PI3K agonist (IGF-1) intervention notably decreased the levels of LC3B II/I and Beclin-1 and restored the inhibitory effects of p75NTR silencing on proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition of HSF. Concurrently, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment exhibited the same variation trends with IGF-1. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that p75NTR silencing inhibits proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition of HSF by activating autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery and Department of Wound Repair, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Medical Image Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Donghui Bian
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250031, China
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11
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Wei Y, Wang T, Zhang N, Ma Y, Shi S, Zhang R, Zheng X, Zhao L. LncRNA TRHDE-AS1 inhibit the scar fibroblasts proliferation via miR-181a-5p/PTEN axis. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:419-426. [PMID: 33675502 PMCID: PMC8012339 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS), a fibroproliferative disorder caused by abnormal wound healing after skin injury, which is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and invasive growth of fibroblasts. Recent studies have shown that some non-coding RNA implicated the formation of HS, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 was downregulated in HS tissues and HSFs, and the level of lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 negatively correlated with the level of miR-181a-5p in HS tissue and HSFs. Overexpressed lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 significantly suppressed miR-181a-5p level, while promoted HSFs apoptosis and inhibited HSFs proliferation. Further study shown that PTEN was a direct target of miR-181a-5p, and lncRNA TRHDE-AS1 served as a molecular sponge for miR-181a-5p to regulate the expression of PTEN. Overexpression of PTEN could eliminate lncRNA TRHDE-AS1-mediated proliferation suppression of HSFs. In conclusion, our study suggested that lncRNA TRHDE-AS1/miR-181a-5p/PTEN axis plays an important role in promoting hypertrophic scar formation, which may be effectively used as a therapeutic target for hypertrophic scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wei
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | | | - Yunyun Ma
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Siji Shi
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China
| | - Ruxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Xianzhao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China
| | - Lindong Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, 454002, China
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12
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Zhi Y, Wang H, Huang B, Yan G, Yan LZ, Zhang W, Zhang J. Panax Notoginseng Saponins suppresses TRPM7 via the PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit hypertrophic scar formation in vitro. Burns 2020; 47:894-905. [PMID: 33143990 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scar (HS) formation, a type of dermal fibroproliferative condition, is a frequent complication in wound healing resulting from burns, severe trauma, and surgical procedures. The effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) on the HS formation remain relatively under-explored. Hence, this study was intended to interrogate anti-apoptosis and anti-fibrosis effects of PNS on the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) during HS formation and assess the involvement of TRPM7 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS Using MTT and CCK-8 assays, we evaluated cell cytotoxicity and cell viability. Collagen I/III (col 1/3) and α-SMA expression levels were assessed through immunofluorescence and western blot, and cell migration, cell apoptosis and cell cycle were examined with applications of wound healing, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. TRPM7, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β1 and related-proteins were quantified using RT-qPCR and western blot. RESULTS PNS administration could suppress TRPM7 expression and the viability of HSFs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PNS could restrain the HS formation and ECM deposition by decreasing col 1/3 and α-SMA synthesis, suppressing cell migration, and boosting apoptosis and G1 arrest. Notably, this study revealed that PNS inhibited PI3K/AKT activation in HSFs. Besides, knockdown of TRPM7 enhanced therapeutic effects of PNS on HSFs, but overexpression markedly reversed above mentioned effects of PNS on HSFs. CONCLUSION This study suggested that PNS hampered scar formation might via inhibiting ECM and stimulating cell apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling. Overall, these findings in the present study could support the use of PNS for preventing HS formation, and TRPM7 may be a novel molecular target for treating HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhi
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Gang Yan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Long-Zong Yan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China.
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Petkovic M, Sørensen AE, Leal EC, Carvalho E, Dalgaard LT. Mechanistic Actions of microRNAs in Diabetic Wound Healing. Cells 2020; 9:E2228. [PMID: 33023156 PMCID: PMC7601058 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process that is impaired under diabetes conditions. Chronic non-healing wounds in diabetes are some of the most expensive healthcare expenditures worldwide. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment strategies are needed. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of 18-25 nucleotide long RNAs, are important regulatory molecules involved in gene expression regulation and in the repression of translation, controlling protein expression in health and disease. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as critical players in impaired wound healing and could be targets for potential therapies for non-healing wounds. Here, we review and discuss the mechanistic background of miRNA actions in chronic wounds that can shed the light on their utilization as specific wound healing biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petkovic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (A.E.S.); (L.T.D.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.C.L.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anja Elaine Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (A.E.S.); (L.T.D.)
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.C.L.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.C.L.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Louise Torp Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (A.E.S.); (L.T.D.)
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Xiao Y. MiR-486-5p inhibits the hyperproliferation and production of collagen in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via IGF1/PI3K/AKT pathway. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 32:973-982. [PMID: 32079424 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1728210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study explored the function and mechanism of miR-486-5p in HSFBs.Methods: Qualitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-486-5p in HS and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFBs). Viability, migration, invasion ability, apoptosis, and expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA and Cleaved caspase-3 in HSFBs after transfection with miR-486-5p mimic or inhibitor were measured by CCK-8, wound-healing, transwell, and Western blot, respectively. Interaction between miR-486-5p and IGF1 was predicted by Targetscan version 7.2 and further confirmed by dual-luciferase assay, and functional rescue experiments were conducted to verify the predicted molecular mechanism. The activation of PI3K/AKT pathway was also analyzed by Western blot.Results: MiR-486-5p was low-expressed in HS and HSFBs, and that overexpression of miR-486-5p suppressed the viability, migration, invasion, and expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, and α-SMA of HSFBs, meanwhile, it also promoted apoptosis and Cleaved caspase-3 expression in HSFBs. Moreover, IGF1 was targeted by miR-486-5p, and increased viability, migration, invasion, and collagens expressions, the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, and decreased apoptosis and Cleaved caspase-3 induced by miR-486-5p inhibitor could be partly alleviated by siIGF1.Conclusions: Overexpressed miR-486-5p inhibited the hyperproliferation and excessive production of collagen in HSFBs via IGF1/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
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