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Parlati ALM, Basile C, Perrone-Filardi P. Management of heart failure: similarities and discrepancies between the European Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association guidelines. Eur Heart J Suppl 2023; 25:C271-C275. [PMID: 37125281 PMCID: PMC10132570 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recommendations are the fundamental elements of guidelines and are especially significant when the amount of scientific data is expanding fast, as is the scenario of heart failure (HF). Beginning with the four pillars of treatment for HF with reduced ejection fraction, the main messages of the two most recent major HF guidelines, endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Failure Society of America (ACC/AHA/HFSA), partially overlap. There are notable differences, in part due to the timing of recent publications, like the Universal Definition of HF and the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, and in part due to differing perspectives on the natural history of HF. Specific challenges, such as risk stratification and the use of implanted cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention in HFrEF patients with non-ischaemic aetiology, are approached from a variety of perspectives. The ACC/AHA/HFSA recommendations place increased attention on topics that are especially pertinent to the US context, such as the cost-effectiveness of medications and the impact of health inequalities on HF care. A comparison of guideline suggestions may assist readers get a better grasp of the ESC and ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines and apply logical ways to their own practice, wherever in the world that may be. A comparison may also contribute to the harmonization of future guidelines' recommendations by highlighting the reasons why certain areas have resulted to different recommendations while seemingly analysing the same published information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
- Corresponding author. Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. Tel: +39 081 746 2232, Fax: +39 (081) 746 2234,
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Leancă SA, Afrăsânie I, Crișu D, Matei IT, Duca ȘT, Costache AD, Onofrei V, Tudorancea I, Mitu O, Bădescu MC, Șerban LI, Costache II. Cardiac Reverse Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Disease with Novel Therapies for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1000. [PMID: 37109529 PMCID: PMC10143569 DOI: 10.3390/life13041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the improvements in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) over the past 20 years, ischemic heart disease (IHD) continues to be the most common cause of heart failure (HF). In clinical trials, over 70% of patients diagnosed with HF had IHD as the underlying cause. Furthermore, IHD predicts a worse outcome for patients with HF, leading to a substantial increase in late morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. In recent years, new pharmacological therapies have emerged for the treatment of HF, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, selective cardiac myosin activators, and oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, demonstrating clear or potential benefits in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Interventional strategies such as cardiac resynchronization therapy, cardiac contractility modulation, or baroreflex activation therapy might provide additional therapeutic benefits by improving symptoms and promoting reverse remodeling. Furthermore, cardiac regenerative therapies such as stem cell transplantation could become a new therapeutic resource in the management of HF. By analyzing the existing data from the literature, this review aims to evaluate the impact of new HF therapies in patients with IHD in order to gain further insight into the best form of therapeutic management for this large proportion of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Andreea Leancă
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Afrăsânie
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Crișu
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Iulian Theodor Matei
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ștefania Teodora Duca
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iași, Romania
| | - Viviana Onofrei
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ionuţ Tudorancea
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruța Bădescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Șerban
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Effects of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Electrodes on Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247442. [PMID: 36556057 PMCID: PMC9782845 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is an innovative therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction delivered by a cardiac implantable device (Optimizer Smart®). One of the most prominent periprocedural complications common to all cardiac implantable devices (CIDs) is tricuspid regurgitation (TR) due to the placement of the right ventricular endocardial leads. To date, no published studies have assessed the changes in the TR degree in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) after the implantation of cardiac contractility modulation therapy devices. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the implantation of the trans-tricuspid leads required to deliver CCM therapy on the severity of TR in patients with HFrEF who previously underwent ICD implantation. METHODS We enrolled 30 HFrEF patients who underwent CCM therapy between November 2020 and October 2021. For all the patients, echocardiographic evaluations of TR were performed according to current guidelines 24 h before and six months after the Optimizer Smart® implant was applied. RESULTS At the 6-month follow-up, the grade of TR remained unchanged compared to the preimplant grade. The value of the vena contracta (VC) of TR was 0.40 ± 0.19 cm in the preimplant period and 0.45 ± 0.21 cm at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.33). Similarly, the TR proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) radius value was unchanged at follow-up (0.54 ± 0.22 cm vs. 0.62 ± 0.20 cm; p = 0.18). No statistically significant difference existed between the preimplant VC and PISA radius values, irrespective of the device type. CONCLUSIONS The implantation of right ventricular electrodes for the delivery of CCM therapy did not worsen tricuspid regurgitation in patients with HFrEF and ICD.
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The Effects of Device-Based Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy on Left Ventricle Global Longitudinal Strain and Myocardial Mechano-Energetic Efficiency in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195866. [PMID: 36233734 PMCID: PMC9573486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Virtually all patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction have a reduction of myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE). Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a novel therapy for the treatment of patients with HFrEF, in whom it improves the quality of life and functional capacity, reduces hospitalizations, and induces biventricular reverse remodeling. However, the effects of CCM on MEE and global longitudinal strain (GLS) are still unknown; therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether CCM therapy can improve the MEE of patients with HFrEF. Methods: We enrolled 25 patients with HFrEF who received an Optimizer Smart implant (the device that develops CCM therapy) between January 2018 and January 2021. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were performed in all patients 24 h before and six months after CCM therapy. Results: At six months, follow-up patients who underwent CCM therapy showed an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (30.8 ± 7.1 vs. 36.1 ± 6.9%; p = 0.032) as well a rise of GLS 10.3 ± 2.7 vs. −12.9 ± 4.2; p = 0.018), of MEE (32.2 ± 10.1 vs. 38.6 ± 7.6 mL/s; p = 0.013) and of MEE index (18.4 ± 6.3 vs. 24.3 ± 6.7 mL/s/g; p = 0.022). Conclusions: CCM therapy increased left ventricular performance, improving left ventricular ejection fraction, GLS, as well as MEE and MEEi.
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Popa IP, Haba MȘC, Mărănducă MA, Tănase DM, Șerban DN, Șerban LI, Iliescu R, Tudorancea I. Modern Approaches for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091964. [PMID: 36145711 PMCID: PMC9503448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a progressively deteriorating medical condition that significantly reduces both the patients’ life expectancy and quality of life. Even though real progress was made in the past decades in the discovery of novel pharmacological treatments for HF, the prevention of premature deaths has only been marginally alleviated. Despite the availability of a plethora of pharmaceutical approaches, proper management of HF is still challenging. Thus, a myriad of experimental and clinical studies focusing on the discovery of new and provocative underlying mechanisms of HF physiopathology pave the way for the development of novel HF therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, recent technological advances made possible the development of various interventional techniques and device-based approaches for the treatment of HF. Since many of these modern approaches interfere with various well-known pathological mechanisms in HF, they have a real ability to complement and or increase the efficiency of existing medications and thus improve the prognosis and survival rate of HF patients. Their promising and encouraging results reported to date compel the extension of heart failure treatment beyond the classical view. The aim of this review was to summarize modern approaches, new perspectives, and future directions for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paula Popa
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Mărănducă
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Maria Tănase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragomir N. Șerban
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ionela Șerban
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Radu Iliescu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ionuț Tudorancea
- Cardiology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Levis M, Dusi V, Magnano M, Cerrato M, Gallio E, Depaoli A, Ferraris F, De Ferrari GM, Ricardi U, Anselmino M. A case report of long-term successful stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation in a cardiac contractility modulation device carrier with giant left atrium, including a detailed dosimetric analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:934686. [PMID: 36072883 PMCID: PMC9441661 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.934686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Catheter ablation (CA) is the current standard of care for patients suffering drug-refractory monomorphic ventricular tachycardias (MMVTs). Yet, despite significant technological improvements, recurrences remain common, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) is increasingly being adopted to overcome the limitations of conventional CA, but its safety and efficacy are still under evaluation. Case presentation We hereby present the case of a 73-year-old patient implanted with a mitral valve prosthesis, a cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator, and a cardiac contractility modulation device, who was successfully treated with STAR for recurrent drug and CA-resistant MMVT in the setting of advanced heart failure and a giant left atrium. We report a 2-year follow-up and a detailed dosimetric analysis. Conclusion Our case report supports the early as well as the long-term efficacy of 25 Gy single-session STAR. Despite the concomitant severe heart failure, with an overall heart minus planned target volume mean dosage below 5 Gy, no major detrimental cardiac side effects were detected. To the best of our knowledge, our dosimetric analysis is the most accurate reported so far in the setting of STAR, particularly for what concerns cardiac substructures and coronary arteries. A shared dosimetric planning among centers performing STAR will be crucial in the next future to fully disclose its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Levis
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Dusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Magnano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marzia Cerrato
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gallio
- Medical Physics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Depaoli
- Department of Radiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Ferraris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
| | | | - Matteo Anselmino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Yücel G, Fastner C, Hetjens S, Toepel M, Schmiel G, Yazdani B, Husain-Syed F, Liebe V, Rudic B, Akin I, Borggrefe M, Kuschyk J. Impact of baseline left ventricular ejection fraction on long-term outcomes in cardiac contractility modulation therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45:639-648. [PMID: 35262210 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM), being reserved for patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF) and narrow QRS complex under guideline directed medical therapy, can recover initially reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); however, the influence of pre-implantation LVEF on long-term outcomes is not fully understood. This study aimed to compare the effects of lower and higher pre-implantation LVEF on long-term outcomes in CCM-therapy. METHODS One-hundred seventy-two patients from our single-centre registry were retrospectively included (2002 - 2019). Follow-up data were collected up to five years after implantation. Patients were divided into Group 1 (baseline LVEF≤ 30%) and Group 2 (≥ 31%). Both groups were compared based on differences in survival, echocardiographic- and clinical parameters including LVEF, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), NYHA class or Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire-score (MLWHFQ). RESULTS 11 % of the patients did have a LVEF ≥ 31%. Mean LVEF±SD for both groups were 21.98±5.4 vs. 35.2±3.7%, respectively. MLWHFQ (47±21.2 vs. 42±21.4) and mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2, 13.6±4.1 vs. 12.7±2.8 ml/kg/min) were comparable between both groups. LVEF-grouping did not influence survival. Lower baseline LVEF resulted in significantly better recovery of echocardiographic parameters such as LVEF and TAPSE. Irrespective from baseline LVEF, both groups showed nearly comparable improvements for clinical parameters like NYHA-class and MLWHFQ. CONCLUSION Long-term biventricular systolic recovery potential in CCM-therapy might be better for pre-implantation LVEF values ≤ 30%, whereas clinical parameters such as NYHA-class can improve irrespective from baseline LVEF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Yücel
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Fastner
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svetlana Hetjens
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Toepel
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gereon Schmiel
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Babak Yazdani
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Faeq Husain-Syed
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Liebe
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Boris Rudic
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuschyk
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Mannheim, Germany
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Shanks J, Abukar Y, Lever NA, Pachen M, LeGrice IJ, Crossman DJ, Nogaret A, Paton JFR, Ramchandra R. Reverse re-modelling chronic heart failure by reinstating heart rate variability. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:4. [PMID: 35103864 PMCID: PMC8807455 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial indicator of cardiovascular health. Low HRV is correlated with disease severity and mortality in heart failure. Heart rate increases and decreases with each breath in normal physiology termed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). RSA is highly evolutionarily conserved, most prominent in the young and athletic and is lost in cardiovascular disease. Despite this, current pacemakers either pace the heart in a metronomic fashion or sense activity in the sinus node. If RSA has been lost in cardiovascular disease current pacemakers cannot restore it. We hypothesized that restoration of RSA in heart failure would improve cardiac function. Restoration of RSA in heart failure was assessed in an ovine model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Conscious 24 h recordings were made from three groups, RSA paced (n = 6), monotonically paced (n = 6) and heart failure time control (n = 5). Real-time blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate and diaphragmatic EMG were recorded in all animals. Respiratory modulated pacing was generated by a proprietary device (Ceryx Medical) to pace the heart with real-time respiratory modulation. RSA pacing substantially increased cardiac output by 1.4 L/min (20%) compared to contemporary (monotonic) pacing. This increase in cardiac output led to a significant decrease in apnoeas associated with heart failure, reversed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and restored the T-tubule structure that is essential for force generation. Re-instating RSA in heart failure improves cardiac function through mechanisms of reverse re-modelling; the improvement observed is far greater than that seen with current contemporary therapies. These findings support the concept of re-instating RSA as a regime for patients who require a pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Shanks
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Y. Abukar
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N. A. Lever
- grid.414055.10000 0000 9027 2851Department of Cardiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M. Pachen
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I. J. LeGrice
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D. J. Crossman
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. Nogaret
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - J. F. R. Paton
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R. Ramchandra
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Manaaki Manawa—The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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Cardiac Contractility Modulation in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility modulation is an innovative therapy conceived for the treatment of heart failure. It is a device-based therapy, employing multiple electrodes to deliver relatively high-voltage (~7.5 V) biphasic signals to the endocardium of the right ventricular septum, in order to improve heart failure symptoms, exercise capacity and quality of life. Multiple clinical and mechanistic studies have been conducted to investigate the potential usefulness of this technology and, as of now, they suggest that it could have a place in therapy and meet a relevant medical need for a specific sub-category of underserved heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. More studies are needed to further investigate its effect on outcomes such as mortality and rate of hospitalizations.
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