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Brabec J, Gauthier J, Selz OM, Knudsen R, Bilat J, Alvarez N, Seehausen O, Feulner PGD, Præbel K, Blasco-Costa I. Testing the radiation cascade in postglacial radiations of whitefish and their parasites: founder events and host ecology drive parasite evolution. Evol Lett 2024; 8:706-718. [PMID: 39328289 PMCID: PMC11424076 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal effects of adaptive radiations on the evolution of interspecific interactions, like parasitism, remain barely explored. We test whether the recent radiations of European whitefish (Coregonus spp.) across and within perialpine and subarctic lakes promote its parasite Proteocephalus fallax (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) to undergo host repertoire expansion via opportunity and ecological fitting, or adaptive radiation by specialization. Using de novo genomic data, we examined P. fallax differentiation across lakes, within lakes across sympatric host species, and the contributions of host genetics versus host habitat use and trophic preferences. Whitefish intralake radiations prompted parasite host repertoire expansion in all lakes, whereas P. fallax differentiation remains incipient among sympatric fish hosts. Whitefish genetic differentiation per se did not explain the genetic differentiation among its parasite populations, ruling out codivergence with the host. Instead, incipient parasite differentiation was driven by whitefish phenotypic radiation in trophic preferences and habitat use in an arena of parasite opportunity and ecological fitting to utilize resources from emerging hosts. Whilst the whitefish radiation provides a substrate for the parasite to differentiate along the same water-depth ecological axis as Coregonus spp., the role of the intermediate hosts in parasite speciation may be overlooked. Parasite multiple-level ecological fitting to both fish and crustacean intermediate hosts resources may be responsible for parasite population substructure in Coregonus spp. We propose parasites' delayed arrival was key to the initial burst of postglacial intralake whitefish diversification, followed by opportunistic tapeworm host repertoire expansion and a delayed nonadaptive radiation cascade of incipient tapeworm differentiation. At the geographical scale, dispersal, founder events, and genetic drift following colonization of spatially heterogeneous landscapes drove strong parasite differentiation. We argue that these microevolutionary processes result in the mirroring of host-parasite phylogenies through phylogenetic tracking at macroevolutionary and geographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jérémy Gauthier
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver M Selz
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Aquatic Restoration and Fisheries section, Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Julia Bilat
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, Elverum, Norway
| | - Isabel Blasco-Costa
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Griffith Keller BN, White AT, Strait NS, Krist VL, Zimmermann MR. PARASITISM IN HYBRID SUNFISH (LEPOMIS SPP.): PATTERNS OF INFECTION AT THE INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY LEVEL. J Parasitol 2022; 108:226-237. [PMID: 35687322 DOI: 10.1645/20-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunfish (Lepomis spp.) are among the most common piscine inhabitants of freshwater lakes and ponds in North America. Lepomis spp. breed at the same time creating hybrid zones, where genetically distinct populations mate and produce mixed offspring that are sexually viable hybrids. One aspect of hybridization that may have important consequences is parasitism and its patterns of recruitment in the hybrid sunfish. This study investigated these patterns both at the level of the individual parasite species as well as in the parasite communities infecting the fish. Two sample sites possessing hybrid sunfish populations were investigated: 1 system had bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), and their hybrids, while the other system had bluegill sunfish (L. macrochirus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and their hybrids. The hybrids were infected by mostly generalist parasites that commonly infect all Lepomis spp. Most of the individual parasite species followed a dominance pattern (59.1%) of infection, where parasite abundance in hybrids resembled at least one of the parental species, with the remainder exhibiting intermediate levels of parasitism, supporting an additive pattern of parasite recruitment (40.1%). At the community level, the patterns of parasite recruitment differed in L. macrochirus × L. microlophus hybrids, which showed a dominance pattern, and L. macrochirus × L. cyanellus hybrids, which showed an additive pattern of parasite recruitment. These differences in parasite recruitment between hybrid groups may be attributed to varying degrees of dietary and niche overlap between the parental species in the 2 study systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ansleigh T White
- Department of Biology, Shenandoah University, 1460 University Drive, Winchester, Virginia 22601
| | - Nicholas S Strait
- Department of Biology, Shenandoah University, 1460 University Drive, Winchester, Virginia 22601
| | - Victoria L Krist
- Department of Biology, Shenandoah University, 1460 University Drive, Winchester, Virginia 22601
| | - Michael R Zimmermann
- Department of Biology, Shenandoah University, 1460 University Drive, Winchester, Virginia 22601
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